Abstract:With the proposal of the "double carbon" policy in China, biochar has attracted extensive attention because of its role in increasing the potential of soil carbon sequestration. At present, researchers have done a lot of research on the carbon sequestration and mitigation, but there is no systematic summary of its carbon sequestration and mitigation effects and mechanisms. Therefore, based on the current research progress of the practical application of biochar at home and abroad, the effects of biochar application on soil carbon sequestration and mitigation were systematically summarized. It was expounded that biochar can increase the content and stability of soil carbon pool by relying on its own stability and promote the generation of microbial entombing effect through the soil approach, and increase negative emission potential of biochar by increasing the photosynthesis and biomass carbon pool of aboveground vegetation through the plant approach. In addition, the life cycle assessment (LCA) concluded that the optimization of biochar preparation and the organic integration of biochar system with other bioenergy systems are effective measures to play the positive effect of carbon sequestration potential. Moreover, we summarized the mechanisms of biochar application on soil carbon sequestration and mitigation. It mainly includes:the abiotic oxidation process of biochar is the key to the stability of its carbon sequestration. The application of biochar can increase the carbon sequestration potential of soil ecosystem by providing nutrients and habitats for microbial growth and improving the bioavailability of soil nutrient elements, promoting microbial assimilation and plant growth and development. It can also regulate greenhouse gas emissions by changing soil properties, inhibiting signaling molecules and extracellular electron transfer between microorganisms and enzyme secretion. In addition, biochar combines with soil organic matter and minerals to form organic-mineral complex, and promotes microbial secretion of mycelia, cementing substances and a series of hydrophobic proteins can improve the stability of soil aggregates and increase the stability of soil carbon pool. Concisely, the application of biochar is beneficial to the increase of soil carbon pool content and its carbon sequestration stability. Future research, should focus on the mechanism between abiotic oxidation of biochar, biooxidation and carbon stability, and pay more attention to the role of microbial carbon pump and biochar-organic-mineral interface dynamics in carbon sequestration and mitigation of biochar. This work aims to provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of biochar and ecological sustainable development.
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