Identification and restoration zoning of key areas for ecological restoration of territorial space in southwestern karst mountainous areas: A case study of Kaiyuan City in karst mountainous area of Southwest China
XIANG Ai-meng1, YUE Qi-fa1, ZHAO Xiao-qing1, HUANG Pei2, RAN Yu-ju2, GU Ze-xian2,3, SHI Xin-yu1
1. College of Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; 2. Institute of International Rivers and Ecological Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; 3. Nujiang Forestry and Grassland Administration, Lushui 673200, China
摘要 以开远市为例,从生态系统服务和生态脆弱性视角,构建生态安全格局并识别生态修复关键区域;以生态问题指数识别生态修复关键区内存在的生态问题,划定生态修复分区并提出相应的修复策略.研究表明:(1)开远市生态安全格局由两种源地和两类廊道构成.其中生态保护源地和生态修复源地的面积分别为190.53和16.82km2,潜在生态廊道和修复廊道总长分别为191.15和75.71km.(2)基于生态安全格局提取开远市生态修复关键区域,包括15个生态修复源地、12条修复廊道、31个生态夹点和11个障碍区.生态修复关键区域内石漠化主要集中于开远市西部和南部,西部石漠化程度较南部更高;土壤侵蚀以微度侵蚀为主;地质灾害多发于采矿区以及喀斯特地貌区;景观生态风险均较高;人为干扰集中在西北—东南一线.(3)根据生态问题指数(Ecological Problem Index)测算结果,将生态修复关键区域分为生态保育区、功能提升区、灾害防治区和重点整治区,并结合各区突出生态问题提出相应的优化策略.
Abstract：Taking Kaiyuan City as an example, this paper has constructed the ecological security pattern and identified the key areas of ecological restoration from the perspective of ecosystem services and ecological vulnerability. The ecological problem index was used to quantify the existing ecological problems in the key areas of ecological restoration, and the ecological restoration zoning was delineated and the corresponding restoration strategies were proposed. The research showed that: (1) The ecological security pattern of Kaiyuan City consisted of two sources and two types of corridors. The area of ecological protection source and ecological restoration source was 190.53km2 and 16.82km2 respectively, and the total length of potential ecological corridor and restoration corridor was 191.15km and 75.71km respectively. (2) Based on the ecological security pattern, the key areas of ecological restoration in Kaiyuan City were extracted, including 15 ecological restoration sources, 12 ecological restoration corridors, 31 ecological pinch points and 11 ecological obstacle areas. The rocky desertification in the key areas of ecological restoration was mainly concentrated in the west and south of Kaiyuan city, and the degree of rocky desertification in the west was higher than that in the south. Soil erosion was mainly micro-erosion; geological disasters occured frequently in mining areas and karst landform areas; ecological risks were high; human disturbance was concentrated in the northwest-southeast line. (3) According to the calculation results of ecological problem index, the key areas of ecological restoration were divided into ecological conservation areas, functional improvement areas, disaster prevention areas and key remediation areas, and corresponding optimization strategies were proposed in combination with the prominent ecological problems in each area. The research results could provide some reference for the identification and restoration strategy of key areas of territorial space ecological restoration.
向爱盟, 岳启发, 赵筱青, 黄佩, 冉玉菊, 顾泽贤, 施馨雨. 国土空间生态修复关键区识别及修复分区——以西南喀斯特山区开远市为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(12): 6571-6582.
XIANG Ai-meng, YUE Qi-fa, ZHAO Xiao-qing, HUANG Pei, RAN Yu-ju, GU Ze-xian, SHI Xin-yu. Identification and restoration zoning of key areas for ecological restoration of territorial space in southwestern karst mountainous areas: A case study of Kaiyuan City in karst mountainous area of Southwest China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(12): 6571-6582.
[1] Steffen W, Crutzen P J,McNeill J R. The Anthropocene: are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature[J]. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 2007,36(8):614-621. [2] 李杨帆,朱晓东,孙翔,等.快速城市化对区域生态环境影响的时空过程及评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007,27(12):2060-2066. Li Y F, Zhu X D, Sun X, et al. Methodology of regional environmental impact assessment based on landscape spatiotemporal analysis for rapid urbanization[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2007,27(12): 2060-2066. [3] Grimm N B, Faeth S H, Golubiewski N E, et al. Global change and the ecology of cities[J]. Science, 2008,319(5864):756-760. [4] Bongaarts J, IPBES. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the intergocernmental scienceccolicy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services[J]. Population and Development Review, 2019, 45(3):680-681. [5] 韩博,金晓斌,项晓敏,等.基于“要素—景观—系统”框架的江苏省长江沿线生态修复格局分析与对策[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(1):141-161. Han B, Jin X B, Xiang X M, et al. Exploration of ecological restoration pattern and countermeasure along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province based on the “element-landscape-system” framework[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020,35(1):141-161. [6] 罗明,于恩逸,周妍,等.山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点工程布局及技术策略[J]. 生态学报, 2019,39(23):8692-8701. Luo M, Yu E Y, Zhou Y, et al. Distribution and technical strategies of ecological protection and restoration projects for mountains-rivers- forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(23):8692-8701. [7] Zhang H T, Li J L, Tian P, et al. Construction of ecological security patterns and ecological restoration zones in the city of Ningbo, China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2022,32(4):663-681. [8] 韩宗伟,焦胜,胡亮,等.廊道与源地协调的国土空间生态安全格局构建[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019,34(10):2244-2256. Han Z W, Jiao S, Hu L, et al. Construction of ecological security pattern based on coordination between corridors and sources in national territorial space[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019,34(10):2244-2256. [9] Kukkala A S, Moilanen A. Ecosystem services and connectivity in spatial conservation prioritization[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2017,32(1): 5-14. [10] Sylvain Z A, Branson D H, Rand T A, et al. Decoupled recovery of ecological communities after reclamation[J]. Peer J, 2019,7:e7038. [11] Motesharrei S, Rivas J, Kalnay E, et al. Modeling sustainability: population,inequality,consumption,and bidirectional coupling of the earth and human systems[J]. National Science Review, 2016,3(4): 470-494. [12] 覃彬桂,林伊琳,赵俊三,等.基于InVEST模型和电路理论的昆明市国土空间生态修复关键区域识别[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(2): 809-820. Qin B G, Lin Y L, Zhao J S, et al. Identification of key areas for the ecological restoration of territorial space in Kunming based on the InVEST model and circuit theory[J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(2):809-820. [13] 倪庆琳,侯湖平,丁忠义,等.基于生态安全格局识别的国土空间生态修复分区——以徐州市贾汪区为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020,35(1): 204-216. Ni Q L, Hou H P, Ding Z Y, et al. Ecological remediation zoning of territory based on the ecological security pattern recognition: Taking Jiawang district of Xuzhou city as an example[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2023,43(2):809-820. [14] 沈振,高阳,刘悦忻,等.基于生态安全格局的国土综合整治关键区识别与策略研究——以辽宁省庄河市为例[J]. 中国土地科学, 2022,36(11):24-35. Shen Z, Gao Y, Liu Y X, et al. Research on the identification and strategies of key areas for integrated territorial consolidation based on ecological security pattern: A case study of Zhuanghe City, Liaoning Province[J]. China Land Science, 2022,36(11):24-35. [15] 闫玉玉,孙彦伟,刘敏.基于生态安全格局的上海国土空间生态修复关键区域识别与修复策略[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022,33(12): 3369-3378. Yan Y Y, Sun Y W, Liu M. Identification and restoration strategy of key areas for territorial space ecological restoration in Shanghai, China based on ecological security pattern[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022,33(12):3369-3378. [16] 张海铃,叶长盛,胡梦姗.基于生态安全格局的环鄱阳湖城市群生态修复关键区域识别及修复策略[J]. 水土保持研究, 2023,30(2): 393-402. Zhang H L, Ye C S, Hu M S. Identification and Restoration Strategy of Key Areas of Ecological Restoration in Urban Agglomeration Around Poyang Lake Based on Ecological Security Pattern[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023,30(2):393-402. [17] Liu H C, Fan J, Liu B Y, et al. Practical exploration of ecological restoration and management of the mountains-rivers forests- farmlands-lakes-grasslands system in the Irtysh River Basin in Altay, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021,12(6):766-776. [18] 宋伟,韩赜,刘琳.山水林田湖草生态问题系统诊断与保护修复综合分区研究——以陕西省为例[J]. 生态学报, 2019,39(23): 8975-8989. Song W, Han Z, Liu L．Systematic diagnosis of ecological problems and comprehensive zoning of ecological conservation and restoration for an integrated ecosystem of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands- lakes-grasslands in Shaanxi Province[J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2019,39(23):8975-8989. [19] 彭建,李冰,董建权,等.论国土空间生态修复基本逻辑[J]. 中国土地科学, 2020,34(5):18-26. Peng J, Li B, Dong J Q, et al. Basic Logic of Territorial Ecological Restoration[J]. China Land Science, 2020,34(5):18-26. [20] Green S M, Dungait J A J, Tu C L, et al. Soil functions and ecosystem services research in the Chinese karst Critical Zone[J]. Chemical Geology, 2019,527:119107. [21] Zhao X Q, Yue Q F, Pei J C, et al. Ecological Security Pattern Construction in Karst Area Based on Ant Algorithm[J]. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021,18(13): 6863-6863. [22] GB/T 21010-2017土地利用现状分类[S]. GB/T 21010-2017 Land use status classification[S]. [23] 邱坚坚,刘毅华,陈澄静,等.生态系统服务与人类福祉耦合的空间格局及其驱动方式——以广州市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2023,38(3): 760-778. Qiu J J, Liu Y H, Cheng C J, et al. Spatial structure and driving pathways of the coupling between ecosystem services and human well-beings: A case study of Guangzhou[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023,38(3):760-778. [24] Tayefeh Neskili N, Zahraie B, Saghafian B. Coupling snow accumulation and melt rate modules of monthly water balance models with the Jazim monthly water balance model[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2017,62(14):2348-2368. [25] Ebrahimzadeh S, Motagh M, Mahboub V, et al. An improved RUSLE /SDR model for the evaluation of soil erosion[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2018,77(12):454. [26] Gong J, Xie Y, Cao E, et al. Integration of InVEST-habitat quality model with landscape pattern indexes to assess mountain plant biodiversity change: A case study of Bailongjiang watershed in Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019,29(7):1193-1210. [27] Raza S M H, Mahmood S A. Estimation of net rice production through improved CASA model by addition of soil suitability constant (ħα)[J]. Sustainability, 2018,10(6):1788. [28] 石晶,石培基,王梓洋,等.人为干扰对生态脆弱性动态演变过程的影响——以兰西城市群为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(3):1317-1327. Shi J, Shi P J, Wang Z Y, et al. Effects of human disturbances on dynamic evolution of ecological vulnerability: A case study over Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration[J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(3):1317-1327. [29] 潘竟虎,刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016,35(3):791-799. Pan J H, Liu X. Landscape ecological risk assessment and landscape security pattern optimization in Shule River Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016,35(3):791-799. [30] 巩杰,谢余初,赵彩霞,等.甘肃白龙江流域景观生态风险评价及其时空分异[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(8):2153-2160. Gong J, Xie Y C, Zhao C X, et al. Landscape ecological risk assessment and its spatiotemporal variation of the Bailongjiang watershed, Gansu[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(8): 2153-2160. [31] Peng J, Yang Y, Liu Y X, et al. Linking ecosystem services and circuit theory to identify ecological security patterns[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018,644(10):781-790. [32] 于航,刘学录,赵天明,等.基于景观格局的祁连山国家公园景观生态风险评价[J]. 生态科学, 2022,41(2):99-107. Yu H, Liu X L, Zhao T M, et al. Landscape ecological risk assessment of Qilian Mountain National Park based on landscape pattern[J]. Ecological Science, 2022,41(2):99-107. [33] 刘金花,杨朔,吕永强.基于生态安全格局与生态脆弱性评价的生态修复关键区域识别与诊断——以汶上县为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(7):3343-3352. Liu J H, Yang S, Lu Y Q. Identification and diagnosis of critical areas for ecological rehabilitation based on eco-security patterns and ecological vulnerability assessment-a case study over Wenshang County[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(7):3343-3352. [34] 王雪然,万荣荣,潘佩佩.太湖流域生态安全格局构建与调控——基于空间形态学-最小累积阻力模型[J]. 生态学报, 2022,42(5): 1968-1980. Wang X R, Wan R R, Pan P P. Construction and adjustment of ecological security pattern based on MCR Model in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2022,42(5):1968-1980. [35] 刘世梁,刘芦萌,武雪,等.区域生态效应研究中人类活动强度定量化评价[J]. 生态学报, 2018,38(19):6797-6809. Liu S L, Liu L M, Wu X, et al. Quantitative evaluation of human activity intensity on the regional ecological impact studies[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(19):6797-6809. [36] Yang R, Bai Z. Shi Z. Linking morphological spatial pattern analysis and circuit theory to identity ecological security pattern in the loess plateau: taking Shuozhou City as an example[J]. Land, 2021,10(9): 907-909. [37] 朱捷,苏杰,尹海伟,等.基于源地综合识别与多尺度嵌套的徐州生态网络构建[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020,35(8):1986-2001. Zhu J Su J, Yin H W, et al. Construction of Xuzhou ecological network based on comprehensive sources identification and multi-scale nesting[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,35(8):1986-2001. [38] Ran Y J, Lei D M, Li J, et al. Identification of crucial areas of territorial ecological restoration based on ecological security pattern: A case study of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2022,143. [39] 黄木易,岳文泽,冯少茹,等.基于MCR模型的大别山核心区生态安全格局异质性及优化[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019,34(4):771-784. Huang M Y, Yue W Z, Feng S R, et al. Analysis of spatial heterogeneity of ecological security based on MCR model and ecological pattern optimization in the Yuexi County of the Dabie Mountain Area[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,34(4):771-784. [40] 卫新东,林良国,冯小龙,等.神木市生态安全格局构建与生态问题定量诊断[J]. 生态学报, 2023,43(1):82-94. Wei X D, Lin L G, Feng X L, et al. Construction of ecological security pattern and quantitative diagnosis of ecological problems in Shenmu City[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2023,43(1):82-94. [41] 彭建,郭小楠,胡熠娜,等.基于地质灾害敏感性的山地生态安全格局构建——以云南省玉溪市为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017,28(2): 627-635. Peng J, Guo X N, Hu Y N, et al. Constructing ecological security patterns in mountain areas based on geological disaster sensitivity: A case study in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017,28(2):627-635. [42] 温雪静,周智,张美丽,等.太行山区国土空间生态修复关键区域识别——以唐县为例[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021,29(12): 2093-2106. Wen X J, Zhou Z, Zhang M L, et al. Identification of key areas of territorial ecological restoration in Taihang Mountains — A case study of Tang County[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021,29(12): 2093-2106. [43] 薛强,路路,牛韧,等.基于地质灾害敏感性的生态安全格局关键区识别与修复——以济南市为例[J]. 生态学报, 2021,41(22): 9050-9063. Xue Q, Lu L, Niu R, et al. Identification and restoration of key areas of ecological security pattern based on sensitivity to geological disasters: A case study of Jinan City[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(22):9050-9063.
