我国重点地区臭氧变化特征及与气象要素的关系

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摘要利用2015~2019年历史数据,分析我国臭氧(O₃)时间、空间变化特征,结合同期气象数据研究重点区域臭氧污染与气象要素的关系.结果表明:2015~2019年我国O₃浓度整体呈上升趋势,全国O₃浓度年均值由83.8µg/m³增至92.4µg/m³. O₃浓度变化主要呈"双峰型",2017年呈"单峰型".5~9月为O₃浓度的高值时段.1~3月、10~11月O₃浓度波动比4~9月大.我国O₃浓度呈"东高西低"的空间分布特征,高值区主要集中在京津冀地区. O₃浓度与日照时数呈正相关,与最高温度呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关.气象要素对O₃浓度的影响存在地区差异,大部分地区O₃浓度与温度的正相关性较强(r>0.5),而青藏地区O₃浓度与温度呈负相关(-0.2<r<0).大部分地区O₃浓度随风速先升高后降低,青藏地区O₃浓度随风速升高而升高.当温度高于25℃、相对湿度在45%~60%、风速在3~6m/s时更容易出现O₃污染.

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	米艺华
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	王涛
	王自发

关键词 ：臭氧污染, 变化特征, 气象要素

Abstract：Based on the historical data from 2015 to 2019, the temporal and spatial variations of ozone(O₃) in China were analyzed, and the relationships between O₃ pollution and meteorological factors in key regions were also analyzed based on meteorological data of the same period. The annual mean O₃ concentration in China increased from 83.8µg/m³ in 2015 to 92.4µg/m³ in 2019. The monthly variation of O₃ concentration mainly showed a "single-peak" pattern but a "double-peak" pattern in 2017. May to September is the period of high O₃ concentration, and the daily fluctuation of O₃ concentration in months from January to March and from October to November is greater than that from April to September. O₃ concentration is higher in eastern China and lower in western China. O₃ pollution mainly appears in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. O₃ concentration is positively correlated with sunshine duration and maximum temperature, while negatively correlated with relative humidity. The influences of temperature and wind speed on O₃ concentration are not the same in different regions. In most regions, the O₃ concentration has a strong positive correlation with temperature (r>0.5), while it is negatively correlated with temperature in the Qinghai-Tibet region (-0.2<r<0). O₃ increases first and then decreases with wind speed in most regions, however, it increases with the increase of wind speed in the Qinghai-Tibet region. O₃ pollution is more likely to occur when the temperature is higher than 25℃, relative humidity is 45% to 60%, and wind speed is 3 to 6m/s.

Key words： O₃ pollution variation characteristic meteorological factors

收稿日期: 2023-09-14

PACS:

X511

基金资助:国家重点研发计划:臭氧和大气细颗粒物智能精准预测技术与污染过程调控系统(2022YFC3700703);国家自然科学基金(42207133)

通讯作者: 杜惠云,副研究员,duhuiyun@mail.iap.ac.cn E-mail: duhuiyun@mail.iap.ac.cn

引用本文:

米艺华, 杜惠云, 李杰, 杨文夷, 王涛, 王自发. 我国重点地区臭氧变化特征及与气象要素的关系[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(4): 1894-1904. MI Yi-hua, DU Hui-yun, LI Jie, YANG Wen-yi, WANG Tao, WANG Zi-fa. Ozone pollution characteristics and its relationship with meteorological factors of key regions in China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(4): 1894-1904.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/1894

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