Characteristics and source analysis of PM2.5 and PM1 metal elements in Qingdao under marine low-sulfur regulation
TAO Wen-xin1, TAN Yu-ran1, ZHANG Yi-sheng1, YANG Jian-li1, LIU Zi-yang1, LIU Dan-tong2, DU Jin-hua1, HU Yu-sheng3, MA Zi-zhen1, PENG Liang3, ZHANG Hou-yong4
1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China; 2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; 3. Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Qingdao 266003, China; 4. Ji'nan Eco-environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250102, China
Abstract：To identify the sources of atmospheric PM2.5 and PM1, daily observations were conducted in Qingdao during the summer and autumn-winter of 2021. Measurements at coastal and urban stations were performed. Source apportionment of metal elements in PM were performed by enrichment factor method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The backward trajectory of air mass and potential source contribution function (PSCF) were adopted to analyze source region. The vanadium to nickel ratio was used to indicate ship emissions. The results showed that the concentrations of V and Ni in PM2.5 and PM1 in summer were significantly lower than those reported during DECA 1.0. The concentrations of V in PM1 in autumn and winter were also lower than previous reports. Ni had more complex sources also affected by land emissions. According to PMF model results, ship emissions contributed to 11.1% and 8.4% of metal elements in PM2.5 and PM1 in summer, respectively. The V/Ni ratios in PM2.5 and PM1 of fresh marine air mass in summer were (0.71±0.24) and (1.06±0.65), respectively. The V/Ni ratio in PM1 from marine air mass in autumn-winter was (0.54±0.24), which was significantly higher than those in the mixed air mass and inland air mass. Therefore the air mass history should be considered when using V/Ni ratio to assess the impact of ship emissions. The potential source regions of V and Ni in PM2.5 and PM1 located in Lianyungang, around Rizhao and Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao, while in autumn and winter this mainly located around the Bohai Sea.
陶文鑫, 谭玉冉, 张宜升, 杨建立, 刘子杨, 刘丹彤, 杜金花, 胡宇胜, 马子轸, 彭亮, 张厚勇. 海运低硫管控政策下青岛PM2.5和PM1金属元素污染特征及来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(7): 3339-3349.
TAO Wen-xin, TAN Yu-ran, ZHANG Yi-sheng, YANG Jian-li, LIU Zi-yang, LIU Dan-tong, DU Jin-hua, HU Yu-sheng, MA Zi-zhen, PENG Liang, ZHANG Hou-yong. Characteristics and source analysis of PM2.5 and PM1 metal elements in Qingdao under marine low-sulfur regulation. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(7): 3339-3349.
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