衡水湖湿地水生植物生长对水质的影响

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摘要为探究衡水湖水生植物生长腐解对湿地水动力水质影响,调查研究衡水湖大型水生植物优势种芦苇(Phragmites australis)、香蒲(Typha latifolia) 的生长腐解动力学参数,基于EFDC(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code)模型构建了衡水湖水动力-水质-水生植物模型,模拟了2018~2022年衡水湖水生植物生长过程和水质变化,定量分析了植物生长对水体水质变化的时空影响及影响机制,并提出适应植物生长过程的衡水湖水质精细化管理保障措施. 结果表明, 利用植物生长积累量(以C计)表征植物生长腐解动力学相关参数,植物生长期生长系数和腐解期代谢系数分为0.01d^-1,0.05d^-1,用于建立衡水湖生态水质模块实现系统模拟研究;有植物生长区较无植物大湖心区在植物生长期对氨氮、总磷浓度降低可达40%~60%,腐解期增加可达60%~80%,且植物对原位及周边500~1000m范围内作用显著;在成熟期(10月)对植物70%茎叶量进行收割,氨氮浓度峰值最大由1.833mg/L降至1.095mg/L,下降率达到40.25%,总磷浓度由0.172mg/L降至0.119mg/L,下降率达到30.78%,年均下降率为25.41%和21.28%,大湖西部滩区氨氮、总磷改善效果明显,且无植物生长的大湖心区域水质也有一定提升.同时,在植物生长期(5~9月),考虑植物生长对水深的要求(芦苇保持-0.3~0.7m、香蒲保持0.24~0.96m),加强水量水位的控制,保障植物生长条件

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	张冰烨
	谢培
	孙明东
	刘振杰
	孙宁
	黄法铭
	乔飞

关键词 ：衡水湖, EFDC模型, 水生植物, 植物生长, 腐解, 植物收割, 湿地管理

Abstract：To investigate the effect of the growth and decomposition of aquatic plants on the water quality of Hengshui Lake, the dynamic parameters of growth decline of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia in Hengshui Lake were studied. Based on Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code model, a model of water quality and aquatic plant in Hengshui Lake was built, and the growth process and water quality of Hengshui Lake between 2018 and 2022 were simulated, and the time and space impact of plant growth on water quality was analyzed, and then proposing safeguard measures for fine management of water quality in Hengshui Lake adapted to plant growth process. The results indicated that the index of growth and decomposition dynamics of plants was classified as 0.01d^-1 and 0.05d^-1, and the ecological water quality module of Hengshui Lake was established, and the system simulation was carried out. By comparing the area with the plant and the middle lake area, the effect of the plant was reduced by 40% to 60%, the effect was increased by 60% to 80%, and the effect of the plant growth was effective only in the original position and the surrounding 500~1000m area. While 70% of the leaves and stems were harvested in Oct., the maximum ammonia nitrogen concentration was reduced from 1.833mg/L to 1.095mg/L, and decreased by 40.25%. The total phosphorus was reduced from 0. 172mg/L to 0.119mg/L, and the rate of reduction was 30.78%, and the average annual reduction rate was 25.41% and 21.28% respectively. The improvement of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the west of the Great Lakes was evident, and there was also some improvement in water quality in the center of the Great Lakes. In addition, considering the water depth of Phragmites australis growing at -0.3 ~ 0.7m and Typha latifolia at 0.24 ~ 0.96m, the water level should be controlled to protect the growing conditions, during May to September.

Key words： Hengshui Lake EFDC model aquatic plant plant growth decomposition emergent macrophyte harvesting wetland management

收稿日期: 2023-09-15

PACS:

X524

基金资助:生态环境部部门预算项目(102144220260000009012);衡水湖国家自然保护区咨询项目(YTZ022003S18016)

通讯作者: 乔飞,正高级工程师,qiaofei@craes.org.cn E-mail: qiaofei@craes.org.cn

引用本文:

张冰烨, 谢培, 孙明东, 刘振杰, 孙宁, 黄法铭, 乔飞. 衡水湖湿地水生植物生长对水质的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(4): 2247-2255. ZHANG Bing-ye, XIE Pei, Sun Ming-dong, LIU Zhen-jie, SUN Ning, HUANG Fa-ming, QIAO Fei. Impact of aquatic plant growth process on water quality in Hengshui Lake wetland. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(4): 2247-2255.

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