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  Current Issue
 
2025 Vol.45 Issue.3,Published 2025-03-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Emerging Contaminants
Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Health
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2025 Vol. 45 (3): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 251KB] ( 121 )
Air Pollution Control
1185 Comparison analysis of methane column concentrations (XCH4) between GOSAT and TROPOMI
CAO Yu, LI Ru-ren, ZHANG Hui-fang, LI Hui-ya, FANG Jun-jun, CHEN Bao-zhang
As one of the major greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the spatial distribution characteristics of Methane (CH4) were the main content of climate research. However, differences were observed between the methane column concentration (XCH4) data from multiple satellite sources. A systematic evaluation of these differences was conducted to improve the accuracy of its scientific application. The XCH4 products obtained by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) from March 2019 to February 2023 were compared and analyzed, and the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) data were used for evaluation. The results showed that the two satellites shared the following common characteristics: XCH4 was higher near the equator and decreased towards the poles, with XCH4 values in the northern hemisphere generally being higher than those in the southern hemisphere; In the interannual variation, the fluctuation range in the southern hemisphere was larger, reaching ±15×10-9; Seasonal variation was characterized by lower values in summer and higher values in winter. The differences were as follows: The data volume of TROPOMI was found to be 1300 times greater than that of GOSAT; The annual average growth rates of GOSAT in North America and Africa (13.08×10-9/a and 13.92×10-9/a) were slightly lower than those of TROPOMI (13.34×10-9/a and 14.12×10-9/a), while the interannual amplitude in South America (16.10×10-9/a) was found to be larger. The XCH4 difference between the two satellites in summer was found to be the largest, with a measurement of -5.00×10-9.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1185-1197 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4772KB] ( 161 )
1198 Impact of sea-land breezes on the ozone pollution over the Pearl River Estuary
MAI Jian-hua, YU Ling-ling, DENG Tao, WU Dao-hang, QING Peng-cheng, YU Xin-yang
Using surface meteorological and air quality observational data and the 5th Generation of ECMWF Reanalysis data (ERA5), the characteristics of ozone(O3) pollution impact by the sea-land breezes(SLBs) over the Pearl River Estuary(PRE) in 2022 were studied. The results showed that the SLBs days in the seven cities of PRE were at the range of 40~64, and most of SLBs days occurred in spring and autumn. The averaged median of maximum daily 8-hour average of O3(O3-8h) and over-standard rate of regional SLBs days were 141μg/m3 and 38%, respectively, while only 74μg/m3 and 11% were found in non-SLBs days. The averaged O3-8h were 26%, 41% and 29%, respectively, higher in SLBs days than those of non-SLBs days in Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Jiangmen (ZZJ), the three cities located in the western part of PRE, indicating that the impact of SLBs was the most significant in those areas. The averaged time of peak concentration in SLBs days was 0.5h later than that of non-SLBs days, with 29% increase in averaged peak concentration. When the sea breezes firstly occurred at 17:00 and 18:00, 72% and 41% of the hourly growth rates of ozone concentrations were positive, and the averaged growth rates were 5% and 7% higher, respectively, than those of non-SLBs days. But the growth rates declined obviously 1h after the occurrence of sea breezes. The averaged recirculation factor (RF) of SLBs days was 39% lower than those of north wind days and south wind days. RF of transition periods was 14% and 15% lower than those of land and sea breezes periods, respectively. Besides, compared to non-SLBs over-standard days, RF in SLBs over-standard days was 28% lower. The atmospheric diffusion capability was weakened by the SLBs, and that exacerbated the ozone pollution.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1198-1209 [Abstract] ( 59 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2000KB] ( 140 )
1210 Multifactorial impact analysis of aerosol hygroscopic parameters during haze process
MI Jia-yuan, DENG Ye, LI Xin-yi, TONG Jing-zhe, LI Na, NI Chang-jian
Based on the hourly observational data from October to December 2017 in Chengdu, as well as the simultaneous data of atmospheric visibility (V), relative humidity (RH) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), aerosol hygroscopic growth factor (Gf) was retrieved by Mie scattering theory coupled with immune evolutionary algorithm, and then aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ was calculated by κ-köhler theory, the variation characteristics of aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ and its influencing factors were analyzed during the haze process. The results showed that: The aerosol hygroscopic parameters κ were 0.142±0.092、0.149±0.088、0.191±0.061and 0.200±0.041 under mild, light, moderate and heavy haze intensity conditions respectively. The set of explanatory variables of aerosol hygroscopicity parameter κ was determined, including CBC, CBC/CPM2.5, CPM1/CPM2.5 and CPM2.5/CPM10 (CBC, CPM1, CPM2.5 and CPM10 represented mass concentrations of BC, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 respectively). There were significant differences in the explanatory power for aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ of each variable as the haze intensities changed. The multifactor GAM model could be well characterized aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ variation (passed the significance test of α=0.001). As to the above four haze conditions, the corresponding adjusted coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.303, 0.488, 0.504 and 0.631, the coefficients of determination (R2) for the regression of the pressure axis were 0.327, 0.517, 0.558 and 0.739, and the residual sum of squares (RSS) were 1.448, 0.721, 0.209, and 0.025, respectively. The above study revealed the complexity of the multifactorial influence on aerosol hygroscopic parameter κ, and further clarified the intrinsic connection between aerosol hygroscopicity and haze evolution.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1210-1217 [Abstract] ( 61 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 907KB] ( 132 )
1218 Spatial evolution of rice methane emission and technology mitigation potential in China
LI Si-qi, HUA Er-shi, CHEN Min-peng
Using the inventory model, this study evaluated the tempo-spatial characteristics of methane emissions from rice cultivation at the county level and their emission intensity per unit of rice production over the period 1980~2060. A comparison of mitigation potentials was also conducted between the baseline (BAU) scenario, the conventional technical potential (TP) scenario, and the maximum technical potential (MTP) scenario. The results showed that China's rice cultivation methane emissions decreased and then increased from 1980 to 2020, and that they decreased by 19% in 2020 compared to 1980. Over the same period, the intensity of emissions declined by 46%. Under the TP and MTP scenarios, methane emissions are reduced by 26% and 70%, respectively, while emission intensity is reduced by 26% and 68%, respectively. Rice cultivation methane emissions and their intensity have shifted to the east during the period 1980~2020, with the emission gravity center moving to the northeast by 347km and the intensity gravity center moving to the southeast by 411km during this period. Both emissions and intensities decreased in counties in the southern regions, such as Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi. Rice cultivation is gradually being replaced in high-intensity regions such as Xinjiang, Shandong, and Henan, which is resulting in declining emissions. Although emissions in northeastern regions have increased, their intensity levels remain relatively low. Water management for rice has the greatest mitigation potential, contributing more than 60% of the total mitigation potential. There is a high mitigation potential in regions with high emissions, such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Heilongjiang, and Guangdong, where the average mitigation potential is twice that of other regions.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1218-1230 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2817KB] ( 167 )
1231 Research on diesel vehicle NH3 emission prediction method based on CNN-Transformer fusion framework
BAI Xiao-xin, GUO Xiang-yang, WU Chun-ling, WANG Feng-bin, LI Xu, LIU Wei-lin
In this study, a diesel vehicle NH3 emission prediction model based on the fusion framework of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Transformer is proposed. The model was developed by integrating the local feature extraction capability of CNN with the global dependency modeling capability of Transformer, enabling the highly accurate prediction of NH3 emissions from diesel vehicles under real road driving conditions. The study was conducted based on the actual on-road emissions test data of an N3-class diesel vehicle. Feature screening was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient method, and the key hyperparameters of the model were optimized through the application of the Bayesian algorithm, which enhanced its performance. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm was utilized to identify the pivotal factors influencing NH3 emissions. The results indicated that the proposed model achieved highly accurate predictions of NH3 emissions from diesel vehicles in real road driving conditions when tested on an independent dataset. The R2, MAE, and MSE values of the predicted NH3 concentration compared to the actual measured values were 0.986, 0.663, and 2.285, respectively, which were significantly superior to those obtained by the traditional Random Forest (RF) model, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model, and the Transformer model. This study provided an efficient and reliable method for monitoring NH3 emissions from in-use diesel vehicles and offered a novel perspective for elucidating the principal factors influencing NH3 emissions from diesel vehicles on the road.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1231-1240 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1765KB] ( 230 )
Water Pollution Control
1241 Response analysis of endogenous partial denitrification system to different categories of low molecular weight PAHs
BAI Zhi-xuan, YAN Ye-yu, JI Jian-tao, JIN Bao-dan, LIU Ye, DU Jing-jing, WANG Lan
In order to investigate the tolerance of endogenous partial denitrification (EPD) system to different types of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and to explore methods to enhance the impact resistance of EPD systems, this study first acclimated EPD systems with 20mg/L PAHs (phenanthrene and anthracene), and then added other types of PAHs (anthracene, phenanthrene, and naphthalene) at concentrations of 0~80mg/L to the EPD system to analyze the mechanisms of PAHs tolerance by batch tests. The results indicated that under the stress of phenanthrene and anthracene, the EPD systems maintained a high accumulation rate of 86% for NO2--N and a removal capacity of 50% for PO43--P. In the anthracene system, the microorganisms secreted more extracellular polymeric substances to protect themselves, while a greater enrichment of PAH-RHD GNF/R and PAH-RHD GPF/R genes was observed to enhance tolerance to PAHs in the phenanthrene system. The introduction of phenanthrene and anthracene significantly enriched denitrifying glycan bacteria and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria. The denitrifying activity of the EPD system acclimated with phenanthrene was (167.429±2.321)mgN/(gVSS×h), and it still maintained a well phosphorus removal capacity under the stress of naphthalene and anthracene. The EPD system acclimated with anthracene maintained high NO2--N accumulation capacity under the stress of naphthalene and phenanthrene, with denitrifying bacterial activity at (220.137±0.575)mgN/(gVSS×h). This study provides the theoretical support for the tolerance of EPD systems to low molecular weight PAHs and also proposes insights into enhancing the impact resistance of EPS system through technological interventions, which has significant importance for optimizing the operational effectiveness of EPD in wastewater treatment.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1241-1250 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2234KB] ( 97 )
1251 Catalytic ozonation of 2,3-dimethylpyrazine using CN-doped Mn3O4
CHEN Yi, HE Yin-ning, WANG Da, SONG Shuang, MA Jun
A CN-supported Mn3O4 (Mn3O4-CN) composite was synthesized as a catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of 2,3-dimethylpyrazine degradation in wastewater. The catalytic efficiencies of 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine were investigated under various ozone dosages, catalyst dosages, pH and temperature conditions. The results showed that under the conditions of an ozone dosage of 3mg/L, a catalyst dosage of 0.02g/L, pH =7 and a temperature of 10℃, the degradation rate of pollutants reached 100% within 20 min. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and other characterization methods were used to analyze the properties of the prepared Mn3O4-CN. It was confirmed that Mn3O4 and CN were successfully bonded, and the valence states of Mn were mostly +2 and +3. The reactive oxygen species analysis demonstrated that the surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies were identified as the main active sites, and ×OH was the main active oxygen species generated in the reaction system. The cyclic experiments showed that the Mn3O4-CN has good stability and reusability.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1251-1259 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1709KB] ( 132 )
1260 In situ removal of tetracycline from water by metal polyphenol-modified photocatalytic membrane
HOU Jun, XU Xiao, YANG Jia-lin, ZHAO Xiao, YANG Zi-jun
A metal polyphenol-modified TiO2 photocatalytic membrane ((TA-Fe3+)/TiO2-PVDF) was prepared by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method using polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes as the substrate, and an in situ photocatalytic membrane filtration system was constructed to degrade tetracycline in water. The structures of the photocatalytic membranes were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR and contact angle meter, and all the characterization results proved the successful coating of ((TA-Fe3+)/TiO2-PVDF) and the enhanced hydrophilicity of the membrane surfaces; and tetracycline as a representative of the antibiotics was selected for the study of the degradation performance, which was achieved at a low dosage (50mg/L) of peroxydisulfate (PMS), a transmembrane pressure of 5 kPa, and an in situ photocatalytic membrane filtration system to degrade tetracycline in water. 250 mW/cm2visible light intensity, the tetracycline degradation rate was always maintained at 80% during 1h operation, the average removal rate of tetracycline was 7.34g/h, and the water flux only decreased by 6% compared with that of the original PVDF membranes, which is suitable for neutral and weakly acidic conditions, and basically unaffected by common ions in the water column and natural organic matter; finally, the mechanism of tetracycline degradation by (TA-Fe3+)/TiO2-PVDF membranes was investigated by active species capture assay and EPR, and it was found that photocatalysis synergistically with PMS oxidation produced 1O2, h+, O2-· and SO4·- as the main active species, and degraded tetracycline by both the free radical and non-free radical pathways.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1260-1271 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2489KB] ( 92 )
1272 Degradation of oxytetracycline by Fe(III) combined with peracetic acid
HU Hong, PAN Cheng-huan, LIU Yi-qing
In this study, the degradation efficiency and mechanism of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the Fe(Ⅲ)/peracetic acid (PAA) system were investigated, and the effects of initial pH, reagents dosage and water components on OTC degradation were also explored. The results suggested that in the degradation of OTC by Fe(Ⅲ)/PAA system, Fe(Ⅲ) complexed with OTC to form Fe(Ⅲ)-OTC complex, which reduced Fe(Ⅲ) to Fe(II) through internal electron transfer. Subsequently, the generated Fe(II) catalyzed PAA to produce reactive species, thus accelerating the degradation of OTC. The results of chemical probe and radical quenching experiments showed that organic radicals (CH3C(O)O• and CH3C(O)OO•), HO• and Fe(IV) played major roles for the degradation of OTC in Fe(III)/PAA system. Acidic conditions were beneficial to the degradation of OTC in this system, while the removal of OTC under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions was mainly due to the PAA oxidation. The removal efficiency of OTC increased gradually with the increase of PAA or Fe(Ⅲ) dosage, but their excess concentration would inhibit OTC degradation. The presence of Cl- and natural organic matter in Fe(Ⅲ)/PAA system inhibited the degradation of OTC, while NO3-, SO42- and HCO3- had little effect on OTC removal. The Fe(Ⅲ)/PAA system also had a good treatment effect on the other tetracycline pollutants.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1272-1279 [Abstract] ( 61 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 933KB] ( 99 )
1280 Investigation on ozone resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ultrafiltration membranes: Comparison with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
HUANG Zhen, LI Kai, WAN Qi-qi, PAN Ming-bin, HU Ling-qi, WEN Gang
In order to explore the resistance mechanism of polymer ultrafiltration membranes to ozone, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membranes and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes as representatives were used, and systematically evaluated the effects of ozone on the water permeability, pollutant retention capacity and mechanical properties of the membranes by simulating 0.1mg/L ozone exposure for 0.5 years, and analyzed the changes in chemical properties. The results showed that the water permeability of the PVC membrane significantly increased under the action of ozone for 36 hours, up to more than 4times that of the new membrane, while the retention capacity of humic acid (HA) decreased by about 27.6%. The water permeability and retention performance continued to decrease with the extension of exposure time. The water permeability of PVDF membranes increased significantly in the initial stage, with the HA retention performance decreasing by about 40.2% after 36hours of aging. However, the performance tended to stabilize after 1 hour of aging. Ozone aging led to a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the two membranes, but the hydrophilicity of PVC membranes decreased to a lesser extent, showing their relative advantages in maintaining hydrophilic properties. The analysis of the membrane structure mechanism showed that ozone mainly damaged the membrane performance through oxidation and the loss of the hydrophilic additive polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and the membrane matrix itself remained intact, which was also confirmed by SEM observations. The mechanical properties of the two membranes decreased after aging, but the PVDF membrane showed relatively high mechanical strength. A comprehensive comparison of the ozone resistance of PVC, and PVDF, showed that PVC had relative advantages in ozone aging resistance in terms of retention, anti-pollution, hydrophilic, and mechanical properties, followed by PVDF. These findings provide an experimental basis and theoretical reference for the application and optimization of polymer ultrafiltration membranes in ozone-containing water treatment environment.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1280-1289 [Abstract] ( 57 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2862KB] ( 74 )
1290 Enhanced coagulation mechanism of fine bubbles in response to calcium ion concentration
LI Chun-bo, HUANG Xiao-jiang, LI Ping, ZHAO Zi-ang, ZHANG Zhi-qiang, LU Jin-suo
In order to further supplement the mechanism of the enhanced coagulation efficiency of the fine bubble co-coagulation process and the potential of the process for engineering applications, this paper investigated the effect of calcium ion concentration response on the enhanced removal of humic acid (HA) by the fine bubble co-coagulation process. The results showed that the fine bubbles could enhance the removal of HA with different calcium ion concentration responses, but the enhancement effect was different with different circulation times. When the cycle time of fine bubbles was kept constant at 1min, the participation of fine bubbles in the coagulation process could enhance the removal efficiency of HA by forcing the hydrolysis of polyaluminum chloride (PACl), elevating the potential of the solution to the isoelectric potential, and promoting the complexation between HA and Ca2+, and the removal efficiency of HA increased with the increase of Ca2+ concentration, and the removal efficiency of HA increased about 42% with the increase of Ca2+ concentration, and increased about 42% with the increase of Ca2+concentration, and increased about 42% with the increase of Ca2+ concentration. The HA removal efficiency increased with increasing Ca2+ concentration, up to about 42% compared to the conventional coagulation process without the presence of fine bubbles. In addition, with the extension of the fine bubbles circulation time, the Zeta potential of the solution gradually increased, which affected the enhanced removal efficiency of HA. The above findings provide data and theoretical support for the application of the fine bubble co-coagulation process in engineering practice.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1290-1297 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1771KB] ( 110 )
1298 Visible light-assisted copper oxide efficient activation of peroxydisulfate for tetracycline degradation
LI Shi-jia, PANG Er-nan
The advanced oxidation technology of persulfate (PDS) activation by CuO have been hotly sought as one of the effective strategies for degrading organic pollutants in water. However, there are still certain issues such as the low efficiency of PDS activation, the small specific surface area of CuO, and the low conversion efficiency of Cu(II)/Cu(I). Herein, the flake copper oxide (CCB-300) with high activity and large specific surface area (32.8m2/g) was successfully synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal-calcination method. Multiple characterization analysis, such as X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were utilized to analyze crystal structure, morphology and element composition of CCB-300. Furthermore, the performance of the CCB-300 for degradation of tetracycline (TC) via peroxydisulfate activation under visible light (Vis) was investigated. The findings revealed that the TC removal rate reached 96.9% within 60minutes under the circumstances of 0.05g/L CCB-300, 0.5mmol/L PDS, 50mg/L TC and unadjusted initial pH. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and radical quenching experiments indicated that both 1O2 produced by the non-radical pathways and SO4·- and ·OH generated via the radical pathways were involved in the degradation reaction. Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical tests confirmed that CCB-300 exhibited excellent visible light absorption capacity and charge transfer performance. The photogenerated electrons excited by visible light accelerate the redox cycle of Cu(II)/Cu(I), facilitating the conversion of PDS to SO4·- and ·OH, and further enhancing the efficiency of TC degradation. The repeatable experiments demonstrated that CCB-300exhibited favorable reusability and stability. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism was proposed. This study provided a novel method for tetracycline degradation through synergistic persulfate activation by visible light and heterogeneous catalysts.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1298-1307 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1827KB] ( 146 )
1308 Zirconium-aluminum dual-metal modified biochar for simultaneous removal of As(V) and F from water
SONG Zhen, LUO Yan-li, WANG Mei-juan, HE Jia-le, ZHANG Qian, XIE Xin-zhe
To deal with problems such as high concentration of arsenic (As) and fluorine (F) in water, along with difficulty in dealing with complex pollution and irrigation utilization, zirconium-aluminum modified biochars were synthesized to study their adsorption efficiency and mechanism of As and F. The study was conducted to explore the impact of initial concentration, adsorption time, pH, and co-existing ions on their adsorption. The combination of SEM, BET, FTIR, and X-ray techniques were applied to characterize and analyze the materials. The results showed that zirconium-aluminum bimetallic modified biochar (ZA-BC) was an excellent mesoporous biochar with a good pore structure, which can rapidly adsorb As and F ions within 6hours. With initial concentrations of 1mg/L for As and 5mg/L for F, and a biochar dosage of 1g/L, As and F removal rates can reach 98.7% and 95.2%. The optimal adsorption pH of As and F by ZA-BC was 4~5, the zero charge point of the material was 9.1. Its adsorption fits the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models within a pH range of 4.0~9.1. ZA-BC adsorbed As and F at 19.62 and 28.70mg/g, respectively, with CO32- most affecting its efficiency. ZA-BC's adsorption of As involved electrostatic attraction and surface complexation, whereas for F, it's primarily electrostatic and ion exchange. The hydroxyl group was vital for adsorption, with metal modifications enhancing the immobilization of As and F via M-OH groups. Comprehensive tests had shown that ZA-BC was a promising adsorbent for removing arsenic and fluoride from water.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1308-1320 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3447KB] ( 130 )
1321 Degradation of flufenicol by Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by biosynthetic secondary iron minerals
SONG Yong-wei, DENG Ru-yue, QIN Qi-lu, GUO Ze-hao, LUO Hao-wei, YANG Jun, SHEN Zu-wu
Using florfenicol (FFC) as the target pollutant, schwertmannite and jarosite as catalysts synthesized by the mediation of A. ferrooxidans to investigate their effectiveness in catalyzing Fenton-like reactions for FFC degradation. Initially, the two minerals were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and BET analysis. Subsequently, the impact of four key variables—mineral dosage, H2O2 concentration, pH, and temperature—on FFC degradation was studied. Finally, the degradation mechanism of FFC and the reusability of the minerals were analyzed. The results indicated that the biosynthesized schwertmannite and jarosite were pure minerals, with average particle diameters of approximately 2.5μm and 5.0μm and jarosite exhibiting more noticeable aggregation. The specific surface areas of schwertmannite and jarosite were 116.67m2/g and 87.52m2/g, respectively, with total pore volumes of 0.098cm3/g and 0.065cm3/g and average pore diameters of 2.986nm and 2.867nm. Increasing the mineral dosage enhanced the degradation efficiency of FFC by both minerals. The degradation efficiency of FFC initially increased and then decreased with an increase in the H2O2 concentration. Under acidic conditions, both minerals exhibited better degradation effects. The degradation rate increased with rising temperature. Under the combined experimental conditions of a mineral dosage of 10g/L, an H2O2 concentration of 200mg/L, an pH of 3.00, and a temperature of 36℃, combined with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) test results, the degradation mechanism of FFC by the two minerals was inferred as follows: The minerals adsorbed H2O2 onto their surfaces, catalyzing its decomposition to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which oxidized FFC into intermediate products, ultimately leading to inorganic substances. A total of six intermediate products were detected during the Fenton-like reaction, including small organic molecules such as alcohols, aldehydes, or carboxylic acids containing benzene rings, amide groups, or amine groups, as well as methyl phenyl sulfone. After 10cycles of reuse, the crystal structure and functional groups of the two minerals remained unchanged, demonstrating good stability.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1321-1332 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2270KB] ( 102 )
1333 Causes of nitrite accumulation in low carbon nitrogen ratio influent denitrification biological filter
WANG Wei, LIU Kun, HE Yun, BAO Fang-bo, WANG Gang, XU Qi, LI Kui-xiao
In view of the accumulation of nitrite in the effluent of denitrification biofilter in water recycling plant, nitrite accumulation in denitrification filter units of 4recycled water plants was investigated. Two denitrification filter process units of recycled water plant, G (with nitrite accumulation) and W (without nitrite accumulation), were selected as research objects to explore the causes of nitrite accumulation under the condition of low carbon to nitrogen ratio influent. The results showed that operating parameters such as backwashing cycle and mode of filter had little effect on nitrite accumulation. The sludge denitrification rates of plants G and W were 0.51 and 0.92 mgNO3/(mgVSS·d), respectively. The accumulation of nitrite in the effluent from the filter of Plant G was due to the weak denitrification ability of microorganisms in the filter. When nitrate nitrogen was present in the denitrification process, the denitrification rate of nitrite in the sludge of Plant G was 75% lower than that of plant W, and it was easier to produce nitrite accumulation. When the sludge biomass of Plant G was increased to twice the concentration of plant W, the maximum nitrite denitrification rate still couldn’t reach the level of plant W, so the biomass was not the main reason for the accumulation of nitrite in Plant G. The results of microbial community structure analysis showed that the abundance of Methylotenera in the filter of W plant was 12.9% higher than that of G plant. The denitrification process was mainly completed by denitrifying bacteria using methyl type nutrition, which was the cause of nitrite accumulation happening or not, and it was not necessary to consider the influence of bacteria species using other organic types on nitrite accumulation.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1333-1340 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1194KB] ( 117 )
1341 The influence of the formation of iron minerals at the interface of birnessite on the migration and transformation of Sb
LI Wan-xia, CHEN Mei-qing, LIU Yi-an, WU Ping-xiao
The effects of the formation of iron minerals at the interface of birnessite (MnO2) on the environmental behavior of antimony (Sb) were systematically studied in this paper. Many nanoparticles and abundant pore structure was found on the obtained Fe-Mn binary oxide (Fe-MnO2). HRTEM and XRD analysis indicated that the nanoparticles anchored on MnO2 was ferrihydrite. The iron minerals formed on MnO2 enhanced adsorption performance for Sb(III) and Sb(V). The adsorption capacities of Sb(III) and Sb(V) by Fe-MnO2 were 397.4 and 247.7mg/g, respectively, which was much higher than that of MnO2 for Sb(III) and Sb(V) immobilization (342.0 and 71.8mg/g). The chemical bond complexation was the dominant mechanism for Sb(III) and Sb(V) immobilization. The electrostatic adsorption played an important role in Sb(V) immobilization. The ferrihydrite made a significant contribution for reducing the mobility of Sb. MnO2 played the critical role in the transformation of Sb(III) to Sb(V). This study not only reveals the formation mechanism of Fe-Mn binary oxide, but also helps to further understand the migration and transformation behavior of Sb in the environment.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1341-1350 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3392KB] ( 108 )
1351 Water quality evaluation of Qionghai Lake based on improved integrated water quality identification index method
FANG Jia-hui, XU Li-gang, JIANG Ming-liang, YANG Jun, LI Chao-fan, XIAO Ke-yan, LI Guo-xiang
This paper optimized the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index model(CWQI) and established two improved models: the improved comprehensive water quality identification index model based on game theory(ICWQIG), which considered both subjective weight and objective weight, and the improved comprehensive water quality identification index model with phased period combination weights(ICWQIP), which incorporated the variation of weight time. Taking Qionghai Lake as a case, the water quality monitoring data of 11 sampling sites in different hydrological periods from 2020 to 2023 were selected to evaluate the water quality of Qionghai Lake using ICWQIG and ICWQIP models, which could verify the scientific validity of the improved comprehensive water quality identification index method. The results show that, compared with the traditional CWQI model, the improved ICWQIG and ICWQIP models both take into account the factor of TP exceedance. The evaluation results could better reflect the actual water quality of the study area, and sensitively identify more pollution risk areas and severely polluted water bodies. ICWQIP used phased weights instead of uniform weights, compensating the effect of environmental factors such as such as precipitation on the weight of water quality. This could better identify the key environmental variables affecting water quality in different periods, leading to more accurate and reasonable results. At the same time, based on the improved comprehensive water quality identification index method, it was found that the water quality of Qionghai Lake in 2023 was worse than that in 2020~2022. The pollution degree of the northwestern lake area was higher than that in the eastern and southern lake area. The improved ICWQIG and ICWQIP models showed better rationality in the water quality assessment of the Qionghai Lake, providing theoretical support for the refined management of the lake’s ecological environment, and offering important reference value for water quality assessment of other similar water bodies.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1351-1363 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2544KB] ( 149 )
Solid Waste
1364 Study on the mechanism of liquid-phase cycling on the co-hydrothermal carbonation of sugar solid waste
CHEN Si-si, XUE Yu-yang, TANG Xing-ying, WANG Zhi-jie, ZHANG Ying-ying, QIAN Li-li, LI Shang-ze, WANG Ying-hui
The study utilized filter mud and bagasse as raw materials for the co-hydrothermal carbonization process at 240℃-60min-5:1. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of liquid-phase cycling on the solid-liquid phase products of the co-hydrothermal carbonization process and to elucidate the reaction pathways. The experimental findings demonstrated that liquid-phase cycling significantly enhanced the reaction process of co-hydrothermal carbonization, resulting in substantial improvements in the hydrochar properties. In the liquid-phase cycling process, there was a substantial increase in the hydrochar yield and higher heating value (HHV), accompanied by a significant decrease in ash content and an increase in microsphere structures on the surface. Following the second cycling, the hydrochar obtained a maximum specific surface area of 31.2m2/g, and the contents of the groups CHX, C-C/C=C, and -C/OR/-C-NR exhibited a tendency to increase, while the contents of C=O/C=N and -COOR decreased significantly; In the liquid-phase products, the contents of organic acids and ketones increased. Concurrently, the proportion of aromatic compounds remarkably rose from 0.31% to 13.75%, and hydrocarbons, amides, and esters decreased. Within the liquid-phase cycle, the acidic environment generated by the accumulation of organic acids served as a catalyst for hydrolysis and other reactions, and simultaneously facilitated the Maillard reaction, which effectively enhanced the degree of aromatization of the hydrochar. Moreover, it was beneficial for fortifying the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the hydrothermal carbon, thereby creating more chemically active sites. Consequently, the hydrochar was bestowed with enhanced adsorption capabilities and its potential for land application was elevated.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1364-1374 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2911KB] ( 117 )
1375 Methane production potential and material flow for anaerobic digestion of typical antibiotic fermentation residues
REN Jian-jun, ZHU Li-xia, YIN Dong-min, MAO Hong-gang, HUHE Tao-li, NIU Dong-ze, LI Chun-yu, TANG Rui, XIA Xi-long
To investigate the feasibility of anaerobic digestion of antibiotic fermentation residues (AFR) as sole substrates, several typical AFR, including erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR), cephalosporin fermentation residue (CFR), and penicillin fermentation residue (PFR) were chosen as raw materials for digestion in this study. Batch assays of methane production potential and kinetics experiments were conducted at mesophilic temperature (35±1℃) to explore the basic characteristics of anaerobic digestion of different AFR. Mass balance and correlations between basic characteristics of raw materials and digestion performance were compared and contrasted. Results showed that EFR had the highest methane production potential, approximately 226mL/g VS, which was 27.0% and 20.2% higher than CFR and PFR, respectively. Distinct kinetic characteristics and metabolic activity differences were exhibited by different antibiotic fermentation residues during anaerobic fermentation. The highest biogas production rate, which was 13.2mL/(g VS·d), was found in PFR. A clear two-stage characteristic was exhibited by EFR, with the first-order kinetic constants K1 and K2 being 0.0336 and 0.2012d-1, respectively. Material balance verification confirmed the reliability of the experimental results, and the remaining insoluble substances significantly impact the startup and stability of the anaerobic system. Correlation analysis indicated that the parameters of SCOD/TCOD, C/N, protein, and fat content in the fermentation residues are important for assessing their performance in anaerobic fermentation, suggesting that optimizing the characteristics of the fermentation residues can improve fermentation efficiency. It was demonstrated that antibiotic fermentation residues treated with antibiotic removal can serve as a single substrate for anaerobic fermentation, providing a new solution for the resource utilization of fermentation residues.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1375-1384 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1662KB] ( 130 )
1385 Speciation characteristics and risk evaluation of heavy metals solidified by MICP under improved perfusion methods
TANG Yu, FU Jun, CHEN An, ZHOU Han, ZHANG Yu, LUO Lei
This paper investigated the application of an improved perfusion method for microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology in the solidification of heavy metals. Bacillus pasteurii was employed as the urease-engineered bacterium, and a 0.5cm diameter channel filled with pebbles and wire mesh was constructed to facilitate the injection treatment of industrial solid waste tailings. The migration behavior of heavy metals in the tailings was examined, the mechanisms of MICP solidification were analyzed, and a risk assessment was conducted. The results indicated that, following MICP treatment, the migration factors (MF) of Cu, Pb, and Cd in the tailings were significantly reduced by 78.94%, 61.88%, and 64.06%, respectively. Calcium carbonate precipitation was formed, filling the tailings model box and significantly increasing the residual fractions of Cu, Pb, and Cd (76.43%~92.48%). Consequently, the environmental risks of Cu, Pb, and Cd were reduced from very high to moderate levels, significantly lowering the pollution risk of the tailings. The improved perfusion method was shown to enhance the diffusion channels of the bacterial solution, increased its contact efficiency with the tailings, promoted rapid calcium carbonate precipitation and solidification, and ensured uniform penetration while avoiding uneven solidification. This study provides a valuable reference for the engineering application of MICP technology in heavy metal pollution remediation.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1385-1394 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2714KB] ( 108 )
Soil Pollution Control
1395 Exploring the potential of biochar for the remediation of soils co-contaminated with plastics and cadmium
CAO Yan-xiao, CHEN Nuo, XU Xin-yu, ZHAO Meng-jie, YANG Jiang-xiu, WU Jun-feng, LI Hong-hu, ZHANG Jing-dong
A 120-day soil incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk biochar on soil properties and cadmium (Cd) immobilization in polypropylene micro-/macroplastics and Cd co-contaminated soils. The results showed that biochar addition significantly improved soil pH in the co-contaminated soils compared to the control group. It also considerably increased the content of dissolved organic carbon in soils co-contaminated by 7% plastics and Cd. In addition, biochar promoted the conversion of Cd from the active form into relatively stable form in the particulate organic matter and mineral fractions, effectively reducing both the bioavailable Cd content and the proportion of DTPA-extractable Cd (DTPA-Cd) in the co-contaminated soils. Specifically, biochar reduced the bioavailable Cd content by 7.58%~19.71% and the DTPA-Cd proportion by 20.23%~30.83% in microplastics and Cd co-contaminated soils. For macroplastics and Cd co-contaminated soils, the corresponding reductions were 23.80%~28.19% and 21.63%~22.74%, respectively. Notably, the concentration of microplastics was positively correlated with the content of bioavailable Cd, while the concentration of macroplastics showed no significant effect on it. The findings demonstrated that rice husk biochar effectively alleviated the adverse effects of the plastics and Cd co-contamination through improving soil properties, mediating the migration and transformation of Cd among soil solid fractions, as well as adsorbing and immobilizing Cd.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1395-1409 [Abstract] ( 64 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3585KB] ( 160 )
1410 Effects of oxygen-loaded biochar on nitrogen transformation and arsenic migration in paddy soil
DING Yi-qi, HUANG Deng-ling-yao, TANG Bing-ran, SU Si-cheng, XIE Zheng-quan, HE Qiang, LI Hong
In this study, we conducted a laboratory experiment to study the effects of oxygen-loaded biochar on nitrogen transformation and arsenic migration in paddy soil, and to assess the inhibition effect of oxygen-loaded biochar on arsenic migration in paddy soil-rice system. The results showed that the oxygen-loaded walnut shell biochar reduced the pH of pore water, alleviated the decline of DO and increased Eh. Meanwhile, the abundance of amoA gene in the paddy soil significantly increased (P<0.05), which promoted the nitrification process. Also the the release of nitrous oxide was reduced and the loss of total nitrogen was depressed. After 80days, the arsenic(III) content in the paddy soil in the oxygen-loaded biochar and biochar applied treatment accounted for 42.6%、51.9%, respectively, which were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that in control (90.2%). The amendment of oxygen-loaded biochar was also responsible for the increase in the height and tillers of rice, as well as the accumulation of iron plaque around rice root, which reached 18.4 mg/kg and was 4.2 times higher than that in control. Therefore, the arsenic content in rice was reduced by 46.3%. This indicates that the addition of oxygen-loaded biochar in paddy soil increased the concentration of iron plaque in rice roots, led to more arsenic fixation, and triggered the reduction in the accumulation of arsenic in rice. The results offer a new sight to inhibit the nitrogen loss in paddy soil and arsenic mitigation in rice.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1410-1421 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2399KB] ( 126 )
1422 Research on spatiotemporal patterns of heavy metal leaching and migration in coal gangue backfill subsidence area
FENG Yin-cheng, ZHAO Kang, TIAN Xiang-qin, MA Chao, NIE Jing-lei, HU Hua-long
The collaborative ecological governance demonstration test project in the coal gangue backfills subsidence area of a city in Shaanxi Province provided an example for this study. This research investigated the environmental pollution risks in the backfill area, where coal gangue was used as the backfill material. It analyzed the spatiotemporal laws of heavy metal leaching and migration. The variation and processes of heavy metals in the soil were simulated using Hydrus-1D.A comparison of measured values from the soil column experiment with the simulated values verified the model, and the analysis identified relationships between infiltration distances at different periods and concentration equilibrium times in various soil layers. The results demonstrated that the established model effectively simulated the migration and change patterns of heavy metals in the soil of the backfill area. Over time, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals varied with depth, ranked as Cr(Ⅵ) = Pb>Ni>Hg, with maximum migration distances of 21.60, 21.60, 20.70 and 16.20m, respectively. At different soil layer depths, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals followed the order Pb> Cr(Ⅵ)>Ni>Hg. The concentration trends increased rapidly and stabilized, with none exceeding the limit values. The findings confirmed no significant environmental pollution impacts occurred in the coal gangue backfill subsidence area.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1422-1430 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1339KB] ( 100 )
1431 Meta analysis of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil in Guangdong Province
HUANG Guo-feng, WANG Zhong-wei, XIE Zhi-yi, LIU Jun, CHEN Duo-hong
In this paper, we reviewed the measured data of heavy metals in farmland soils in Guangdong Province since 2010. We applied a meta-analysis approach to combine the data based on “average concentration” “number of sampling points” and “standard deviation”. The results showed that the concentration of lead (Pb, 48.83mg/kg) and mercury (Hg, 0.18mg/kg) in Guangdong Province are among the highest in China, likely influenced by industrial and mining activities. In addition, subgroup analyses explored the effects of spatial distribution and cropping systems across different cities. The results revealed that heavy metal concentrations were higher in the economically developed Pearl River Delta and mineral-rich regions. Notably, some of the most polluted cities include Foshan city (As:18.32mg/kg, Cr:73.5mg/kg, Ni: 35.4mg/kg), Shaoguan city (Pb: 86.61mg/kg), Shenzhen city (Cd: 0.51mg/kg), Meizhou city (Cu: 61.1mg/kg), etc. Among them, farmland soil Cd concentration was significantly correlated with regional industrial output value (r=0.77, P<0.01), with additional impacts from factors such as the local population and energy consumption. The analyses of different farming systems showed that Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Hg concentrations in soils were higher in land and paddy fields; while Cu, Zn, As, and Ni were enriched in orchards and facility-based agriculture, which may be related to the soil physicochemical properties, fertiliser and the geological backgrounds in different farming systems. This study provides province-wide information on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils and cropping systems, which is of great significance to the management and control strategies of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils in Guangdong Province.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1431-1443 [Abstract] ( 67 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1420KB] ( 136 )
1444 Spatial modeling of soil heavy metals in mining areas incorporating pollution source analysis
LI Shi-jie, ZHANG Hui, FENG Hui-hui, WANG Zhen
Taking a typical mining area as an example, statistical methods and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) were integrated to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key regional pollution sources and their contributors. A spatial model was further constructed, considering the spatial heterogeneity of soil heavy metal pollution and its dominant environmental drivers, with the best environmental variables and spatial scale being selected. The results revealed that the sources of soil heavy metal pollution were natural sources, exhaust gas emission sources, slag emission sources, wastewater emission sources, and transportation sources, with contributions of 8.40%, 9.55%, 1.73%, 55.37%, and 24.99% of the total pollution, respectively. Notably, atmospheric deposition (q = 0.113) and soil leaching (q=0.097) were identified as the primary input and output pathways for heavy metals. Among various spatial modeling strategies, the model that integrated both spatial pollution source characteristics and environmental variables demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, outperforming the model based solely on dominant environmental factors or pollution source characteristics. The importance of incorporating spatial information to enhance model performance was highlighted by this finding. In particular, the Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging (GWRK) model was found to achieve superior predictive accuracy (mRadius=0.2916) when multiple data sources were integrated. Overall, a scientific foundation was provided for identifying high-risk soil pollution zones in mining regions, the understanding of ecological and environmental interactions between influencing factors and heavy metal contamination was enhanced, and valuable insights were offered for spatially targeted pollution control strategies.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1444-1455 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4449KB] ( 136 )
1456 Effect of soil iron on anaerobic As(III) oxidation coupling nitrate reduction processes
NIU Ru-miao, YANG Guang, GAO Yi-fan, LIANG Lu-yu, PAN Dan-dan, HUANG Guo-yong, LI Xiao-min
In this study, two paddy soils with similar organic matter contents but different iron contents were used to conduct anaerobic microcosm incubation experiments with four treatments, including Control, +NO3-, +As(III), and +As(III)+NO3-. The transformation of arsenic, nitrogen, and iron species, as well as changes in microbial community structure and abundance were investigated in order to elucidate the effect of iron on the microbial As(III) oxidation coupling nitrate reduction processes in soils under anoxic conditions. The results revealed that As(III) oxidation was driven by nitrate reduction, and 35.3% and 43.0% of As(III) were oxidized in the soils with low iron and high iron content, respectively, at the end of incubation. The phosphate-extracted and oxalate-extracted arsenic contents were significantly higher in the soil with high iron content than those in the soil with low iron content. The presence of As(III) slowed down the nitrate reduction process, reduced the accumulation of NO2- and N2O, and promoted the NH4+ production. In addition, the denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) processes were faster in the soil with high iron content than those in the soil with low iron content. The presence of nitrate and As(III) decreased the concentrations of dissolved Fe(II) and adsorbed Fe(II) in soils, increased the concentrations of adsorbed total iron, and altered the composition and abundance of soil microbial community. Bacillus, Clostridium, and Planococcaceae were identified as the dominant bacteria during nitrate reduction and As(III) oxidation processes. This study demonstrates that soils with high content of adsorbed iron can facilitate anaerobic As(III) oxidation coupling denitrification/DNRA and enhance the immobilization of As(III) and As(V) by iron (oxyhydr)oxides in soils. These findings provide scientific basis for the regulation of arsenic transformation by iron and nitrogen elements in flooded paddy fields.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1456-1464 [Abstract] ( 61 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1221KB] ( 106 )
Environmental Ecology
1465 The impact of different aeration gradients on the release of DOM in humic soil
CHEN Yi-qiang, JIANG Xu, HOU Jun, MIAO Ling-zhan
To unveil the carbon release capacity of humic soil and its potential applications in wastewater treatment, this study explored the impact of various aeration gradients on the release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from humic soil. By establishing gradients of no aeration, low aeration, medium aeration, and high aeration, the carbon release experiment lasting 600 hours was conducted. The carbon release capacity at various time points and DOM changes in components were monitored with the aid of total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Results showed that aeration intensity significantly affected the amount and cycle of carbon release from humic soil. Before reaching medium aeration, the carbon release capacity increased with the intensity of aeration, followed by a decrease afterwards. Aeration was found to enhance the release of aromatic protein-like substance I (C1) and humic-like substances (C3). However, the intensity and effectiveness of the enhancement varied between these two components. Conversely, aeration suppressed the release of aromatic protein-like substance II (C2) and soluble microbial metabolic substances (C4), where differences were also observed. UV-visible absorption analysis indicated that the aromaticity and humification degree of DOM increased over time during the carbon release process from humic soil. The carbon release cycle was about 248h during the 600-h test, higher aeration intensities were found to improve the microbial utilization of DOM.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1465-1473 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1768KB] ( 99 )
1474 Spatial and temporal variations of methane diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water interface in Lake Taihu
DING Li-fei, LI Tong, WEI Wen-xin, YAO En-qin, ZHONG Ji-cheng, YUAN He-zhong, ZHANG Lei
A year-long study was conducted in Taihu Lake with the objective of investigate the diffusive fluxes of methane (CH4) across the sediment-water interface in different ecological zones, namely the algal bloom zone, the macrophyte zone, and the open water zone. The CH4 concentrations in the sediment porewaters and the relevant fluxes at the sediment-water interface from different ecological zones of the lake were analyzed and evaluated. Results showed that CH4 concentrations in porewaters increased with the sediment depth. The CH4 concentrations in the open water zone were found significantly lower than that in the other zones. The organic carbon was identified as the key factor driving the spatial and temporal variations of CH4. The mean diffusive fluxes of CH4 across the sediment-water interface were 122.56±32.2, 108.75±23.8, and 3.36±0.6 μmol/(m²·d) in the algal bloom zone, the macrophyte zone, and the open water zone, respectively, with the open water zone showing the significantly lower fluxes. Seasonal variations of CH4 fluxes were observed in the lake while the fluxes were significantly higher in the spring and the summer than the other two seasons. The regression result showed that the CH4 flux was strongly influenced by the CH4 concentration in the porewater and the sediment porosity. Our study also demonstrated that algal blooms and macrophyte reproductions enhanced CH4 concentrations in porewaters and significantly increased the diffusive CH4 fluxes across the sediment-water interface in Lake Taihu.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1474-1482 [Abstract] ( 60 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1522KB] ( 141 )
1483 Study of hydro-chemical characteristics and influencing factors of the tropic status in typical karst reservoirs
FU Chen-le, KANG Man-chun, MENG Jiang-huai, LIU Jia, LIU liu, LONG Liang-hong, XIAO Shang-bin
The hydro-chemical characteristics and trophic status of reservoirs are shaped by a combination of natural conditions and anthropogenic effects within the watershed. This study focuses on Xiaowan Reservoir (XW) and Danjiangkou Reservoir (DJK) to analyzes the main ions characteristics and spatial variations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients in their water bodies, we identify the primary sources of these ions and interprets the nutrient status of these karst reservoirs, along with the influencing factors. The results show that: The water chemistry of the karst reservoirs is governed by rock weathering, resulting in HCO3·SO4-Ca and HCO3-Ca types for XW and DJK respectively; Both reservoirs exhibit high anthropogenic inputs of SO42-and NO3-; In both reservoirs, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) predominant exist in dissolved forms. While no carbon-limitation was observed, N-limitation is evident in XW and P-limitation in DJK, leading to a mesotrophic status in both reservoirs; The stoichiometric ratio of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are the primary factors influencing the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI) of the reservoirs. This is attributed to the karst hydrochemical background and high weathering rates; Under different N and P limiting conditions, the trophic status is affected by various factors, with the C to P ratio-sensitive to rock weathering, climate change, and anthropogenic inputs-emerging as a key determinant of water quality; To optimize the evaluation indices for assessing the trophic state and managing water quality in karst reservoirs under diverse hydrological conditions and functional roles, it is essential to analyze the effects of water chemical characteristics and stoichiometric ratios of biogenic elements on trophic status based on the analysis of nutrient limitations in water bodies.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1483-1495 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3431KB] ( 159 )
1496 Research progress on biochar-based slow-release fertilizer preparation technology and agricultural application
LI Lu, QUAN Wei-ci, WU Yu-xi, GONG Yi-wei, CHENG Hong-guang
Traditional fertilizers are prone to causing excessive nutrient levels in the soil, and nutrient loss through surface runoff, denitrification, volatilization, and leaching not only harms the environment but also affects human health. Therefore, developing fertilizers that improve nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce pollution is crucial. Slow-release fertilizers provide an effective solution to this issue by precisely controlling the release of chemical components, and biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, in particular, have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties. Various methods to enhance fertilizer efficacy have been studied in terms of preparation and application, including co-pyrolysis, impregnation, encapsulation, and granulation, with in-depth analyses of nutrient loading and release mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research on biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, covering aspects such as raw material selection, preparation processes, and application effectiveness. These studies have demonstrated that biochar-based slow-release fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient use efficiency and significantly reduce environmental impacts. However, challenges remain in their practical application, and further optimization of preparation processes is necessary to enable the feasibility of large-scale implementation.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1496-1506 [Abstract] ( 64 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1280KB] ( 204 )
1507 Assessment of the suitability for agricultural managed aquifer recharge in large-scale irrigation areas: A case study of the Sanjiang Plain
LI Shu-rong, DU Xin-qiang, YE Xue-yan, FANG Yong-jun
This research aims to analyze the influencing factors of aquifer recharge management in the Sanjiang Plain, China, by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to construct a suitability evaluation system for Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge (Ag-MAR). The results indicate that areas with deeper groundwater levels are more suitable for recharge, accounting for approximately 20.2% of the total study area, while the region's dense river network provides substantial surface water resources. Additionally, the optimal recharge period is identified as spanning from mid-October to early November. This study provides a scientific basis for groundwater management and presents specific recharge recommendations to address the issue of groundwater over-extraction, thereby ensuring the sustainability of both agricultural production and ecological systems. The findings underscore the importance of Ag-MAR in promoting sustainable groundwater management practices in agricultural regions.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1507-1516 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3040KB] ( 146 )
1517 Distribution of soil protozoan communities in LhamuLhacuo and its driving factors
LI Ming-yan, HUANG Qian, LI Tian-shun, ZHU Wen-jin, LIAO Zi-xing, SUO Nan-cuo, PU Bu
In order to explore the community structure and construction mechanism of soil protozoa in Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park, 24 large samples were set up in July 2023 according to the geographical and habitat characteristics in the study using the plum blossom five-point sampling method with a total of 120 soil samples. The culture and morphological identification of soil protozoa were performed by non-submerged culture method and in vivo observation method. The quantitative study was conducted by Petri dish direct counting method. A total of 175 soil protozoa species were identified, belonging to 12 classes, 29 orders, 55 families and 91 genera, mainly composed by species of Zoomastigophorea accounting for 15.43% of the total species, and species of Heliozoea was the least, accounting for 1.14% of the total species only. The α diversity of soil protozoa community in Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park. had no significant difference between slopes (P>0.05), and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index at low, middle and high altitudes were significantly different from those at high altitude(P<0.05). In the co-occurrence network analysis, the relationships between soil protozoan communities in different slope aspects and at different altitudes are mainly positively correlated. Altitude, pH value, soil water content, soil organic matter, available potassium, and vegetation coverage are the main soil environmental factors that affect the composition of soil protozoan communities. The results of this study are helpful for evaluating and monitoring the changes in the soil environmental quality of the Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park, and can provide basic theoretical data for the protection of soil ecological functions and the sustainable development in the Tibet region.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1517-1528 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2987KB] ( 134 )
1529 Combined pollution of watershed water environment in the course of human-ecological world
SONG Zhao-hui, GUAN Xiang-hong, TIAN Yu-xin, WEI Geng-rui, CHEN A-cong, RU Xuan, LIAO Jian-bo, QIU Guang-lei, WEI Chao-hai
Selecting Pearl River as a typical case, over a decade of data tracking and investigation was conducted. Simulated using the analytical data as well as future scenarios of climate warming and river acidification, this study predicted the evolution of nutrient element ratios and trace metal concentrations over the next 80 years. Three significant changes in natural water bodies were suggested: firstly, insufficient carbon source allocation and nutrient accumulation leading to decreased biochemical efficiency; secondly, elevated ion exchange due to acidification, resulting in higher background concentrations of trace elements; lastly, water quality fluctuation inducing the co-release of heavy metals and toxic organic micropollutants and phase distribution shifts, forming a multi-loop feedback of pollution sources. Our study suggests that changes in aqueous solution properties of water bodies are driven by the results of simultaneous occurrence of concentration resonance and convergence effects, which are crucial factors of the physical fields. Combined pollution irreversibly changes the physicochemical properties of water bodies, resulting in a rapid fluctuation of geological background baseline values over decades. Consequently, this necessitates epochal adjustments to the evaluation of natural water body thresholds. A new emergence of water environmental challenges may include element exposure and fate changes caused by the natural evolutions, water quality structure conflicts from continuous inputs and emissions, and the approaching demands for species equity in ecological era.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1529-1545 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3986KB] ( 167 )
1546 Adsorption properties of extracellular organic matters from Microcystis aeruginosa by activated carbon
SUN Feng, WU Lei, YE Shuo, DENG Xin, ZHANG Chao-yang, WANG Tong, CONG Hai-bing
This study investigates the adsorption and removal effects of powdered activated carbon on extracellular organic matters (EOM) from Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) at different growth phases and explores the removal efficiencies and adsorption mechanisms of characteristic organic components in EOM. The results indicated that the synergistic removal efficiency of organic components in M. aeruginosa EOM by powdered activated carbon was relatively low, ranging from 18.07% to 34.85%. Significant differences in adsorption efficiency were observed among different substance components, with the order of removal efficiency being microcystins>humic acids>proteins>polysaccharides. Each substance component exhibited varying proportions of easily adsorbable structures at different growth phases, leading to differences in adsorption capacity across phases. Easily adsorbable structures in polysaccharides were primarily released during the logarithmic phase, while those in proteins were predominantly secreted during the stable phase. Easily adsorbable structures in microcystins were predominantly secreted during the stable and decay phases, while the proportion of humic acid structure types showed no significant differences across phases. The adsorption process of activated carbon on M. aeruginosa EOM followed the principle of molecular-scale selective adsorption, primarily targeting low- and medium- molecular-weight substances, while exhibiting extremely poor adsorption performance for high- molecular-weight substances. This is a key factor contributing to the low removal efficiency of activated carbon for algal pollutants. This study provides significant scientific insights for the effective prevention and control of algal pollutants throughout the entire lifecycle of cyanobacterial blooms.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1546-1555 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1651KB] ( 131 )
1556 Study on the coupling and coordination relationship between ecosystem service and water use efficiency in Xinjiang
TENG Lun, ZHANG Fei-yun, LI Qian, LI Jian-qiang, MA Li-na
The coupling and coordinated relationship between ecosystem services and water use efficiency is calculated and analyzed according to the land use and water consumption data from 2005 to 2020 in Xinjiang.The results indicated that food production increased significantly from 2005 to 2020, while other ecosystem services had no significant change. The agricultural water efficiency was greater than 0.649 and increased with rate of 0.023/a from 2005 to 2020. The ecological water use efficiency decreased with rate of 0.013/a, and had significant regional difference. The water efficiency in domestic industry was higher and changed little. The coupling coordination degree of food production and agriculture water efficiency increased with rates of 0.057/a, and achieved highly coordination (0.995) in 2020. The coupling coordination degree of habitat quality and ecological water use efficiency decreased with rate of 0.052/a, and achieved slightly dysregulation (0.251) in 2020. The results indicated that the allocation and utilization efficiency of water resources in agricultural production reached highly coordination in Xinjiang, but the attention of ecological environment water use needs to be improved.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1556-1567 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2196KB] ( 142 )
1568 Influence of carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria on the interaction of sandstone-CO2-water
WANG Bu-kang, QIAN Chun-xiang
In this study, carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria were selected and introduced into short-term experiments involving sandstone-CO2-water interactions. The chemical properties of the solution, the dissolution-precipitation process of rock minerals, and the changes in bicarbonate ion concentration were analyzed and detected. The results showed that after 20days of reaction under conditions of 50℃ and 10MPa, the pH of the system increased, and the microbial group pH was slightly higher than that of the control group. The participation of bacteria significantly accelerated the dissolution and precipitation processes of rock minerals, reducing the core porosity from 15.02% to 13.27%. In a 1-liter solution with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, the effective CO2 sequestration amounts for the control group and the microbial group were 0.207g and 0.726g, respectively. The addition of microorganisms resulted in better carbon fixation, demonstrating that carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria have a certain promoting effect on CO2 geological sequestration.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1568-1575 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3310KB] ( 128 )
1576 Multi-radionuclides for quantifying marine particle dynamic processes in coral reef ecosystem
LUO Zhu, LIN Wu-hui, WANG Yi-tong, HUANG Si-yu, YU Ke-fu
The naturally occurring radionuclides in the sinking particle, surface sediments, and sediment cores near the Weizhou Island in the Beibu Gulf were simultaneously analyzed by high purity germanium γ spectrometer in this study. The sinking particle at the west station of the Weizhou Island was mainly attributed to the strong sediment resuspension that was demonstrated by the combined evidences of 40K, 234Thex, 7Be, and 238U-232Th(228Ra)-40K/10 ternary diagram. Sediment accumulation rates (SAR) of two sediment cores (WZ16and WZ20) at the west stations of the Weizhou Island were calculated to be 1.46×10-3 and 2.25×10-3 cm/d using the constant flux and constant sedimentation rate model of excess 210Pb. These 210Pb derived-sediment accumulation rates were only 0.50% and 0.89% of the sediment sinking rates (295×10-3 and 252×10-3 cm/d) derived from sediment trap, quantitatively indicating strong sediment resuspension before the ultimate burial in sediment. Additionally, a high recruitment of coral larvae was observed at the west station with strong sediment resuspension. It was speculated that the strong biogenic sediment resuspension would provide sufficient heterotrophic energy for coral polyps.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1576-1586 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2315KB] ( 135 )
1587 Regional prioritization of territorial spatial ecological restoration based on ecological degradation risk: A case study of the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin
LIU Jin-hua, ZHENG Yong-xing, LI Wei, YANG Yong
Ecological restoration of territorial space is a critical measure for advancing the construction of ecological civilization. Precise identification of areas requiring ecological restoration and rational delineation of restoration priorities are fundamental prerequisites for the scientific and orderly promotion of territorial ecological restoration. This paper selected the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin as the research area and quantitatively evaluated the risk of ecosystem degradation using the "ecological resilience and human disturbance" framework. An ecological security pattern was constructed through Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), landscape connectivity assessment, and circuit theory models, identifying key ecological factors such as source areas, corridors, pinch points, and barrier points. By overlaying these factors with ecological degradation risks, the priority levels of restoration areas were determined, and corresponding restoration strategies were formulated. The results indicated that the overall risk of ecological degradation in the study area was high, with high-risk areas exhibiting a zonal radiation distribution centered around each city. The influence of rapid urbanization and the expansion of transportation networks on ecological degradation cannot be overlooked. A total of 27 ecological sources, 71 ecological corridors, 71 ecological pinch points, and 51 ecological barrier points were identified as ecological restoration areas. Overlapping ecological degradation risks, ecological restoration areas were divided into priority restoration, general restoration and ecological conservation, and restoration strategies were proposed in conjunction with the characteristics of different ecological elements and their priority order.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1587-1600 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4375KB] ( 186 )
Environmental Microbiology
1601 Effects of GAOs abundance to the systemmatic phosphorus enrichment performance and the metabolic characteristics in phosphorus-accumulating biofilm
BI Zhen, QIAN Meng-meng, YUAN Yi-na, WANG Xue-ling, SONG Ge, HUANG Yong
In a sequencing batch reactor with alternating anaerobic/aerobic operation, activated sludge from an oxidation ditch was used as the inoculated sludge for culturing poly-phosphate biofilm enrichment. The potential functions of GAOs in the biofilm phosphorus enrichment system were investigated by examining the effects of the changes in the abundance of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in the biofilm on the phosphorus enrichment performance and the metabolic characteristics of the microbial community. The results showed that GAOs became the dominant organisms in the enrichment culture of phosphorus-accumulating biofilm, but they did not adversely affect the phosphorus removal and enrichment of the biofilm system. Due to the significant increase of PHA metabolic activity and poly-P metabolic activity in individual cells of phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs), the biofilm community as a whole was dominated by the phosphorus accumulating metabolism (PAM). GAOs as a dominant bacterial genus in the system, might obtain the reducing power (NADH) required for synthesizing PHA through EMP metabolism, which could provide sufficient energy reserve for the absorption of phosphorus by the PAOs in aerobic conditions, and thus stimulate the phosphorus removal and enrichment effect in the biofilm system. The inorganic phosphorus transport system (pst) and poly-P synthesizing genes (ppk) were up-regulated, so that the biofilm system showed good phosphorus removal and enrichment ability, and the GAOs (Candidatus Competibacter), as a potential denitrifying bacterium, could synchronize with the aerobic denitrification in the biofilm phosphorus-enrichment system.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1601-1611 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3044KB] ( 134 )
1612 Effect of Wuliangsuhai iron-reducing microorganisms on the migration and transformation of As-P
SHI Wen-jing, LIU Yi-zhe, XU Hao-ran, LI Wei-ping
This study taken Wuliangsuhai Lake as the research object to reveal the microbial community structure of lake sediments, elucidated the representative iron-reducing microorganisms and their abundance, investigated the seasonal differences in the impact of iron-reducing microorganisms on As-P migration and transformation during the ice-bound period and the summer, and the impact of P on As migration and transformation, with the aim of providing a basis for deepening the understanding of the environmental geochemical behavior of As in cold and arid regions and As pollution remediation, and providing reference for the water environmental protection of As pollution and eutrophication risks in dual-risk lakes. The results showed that the relative abundance of iron-reducing microorganisms during the ice-bound period was higher than that in summer. There were seasonal differences in the representative iron-reducing microorganisms. Bacillus and Geobacter were the dominant genera of iron-reducing microorganisms during the ice-bound period and summer, but Geothrix was also one of the representative iron-reducing microorganisms in summer, and Shiwanella was one of the representative iron-reducing microorganisms during the ice-bound period. The correlation analysis and PLS-SEM model results showed that the representative iron-reducing microorganisms that play a major driving role in As-P migration and transformation and their impact on As-P migration and transformation exist significant seasonal differences. In summer, although the abundance of Thermoanaerobium was small, the iron-reduction process driven by Thermoanaerobium (path coefficient=0.178) would affect the release of As and P from sediments to water to a certain extent. In addition, Bacillus could also promote the iron-reduction process (Path coefficient=0.115) and was the main driver of As-P mobility and transformation. During the ice-bound period, the more abundant Geobacter was an important driver (path coefficient=0.530) of As mobility, which had an important effect on the mobility and transformation of As-P, and the effect of Thermoanaerobium on iron reduction (Path coefficient=0.284) and As-P mobility and transformation was greater than in summer (path coefficient=0.178).
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1612-1622 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2486KB] ( 64 )
Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Health
1623 Impact of traffic-related activities on heavy metal pollution, resuspension and associated health risks of urban dust
ZHU Xi, SONG Si-yuan, YU Wei-xian, WANG Qian, LIU Si-qi
This study focuses on regions characterized by complex traffic environment area and its background environment, exploring the contamination profiles of six heavy metals (As, Hg, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd) at two spatial scales. Through modeling analysis, this study examined the patterns of dust resuspension and the associated health risks resulting from the movement of a single traffic source. The results indicate that the levels of Cd, Pb, and Cu contamination in traffic intensive area, as well as their ecological risks, exceed those found in background area, with Cd showing the highest contamination, 70% of which poses a high ecological risk. During the movement of a single traffic source, the severity of changes in dust concentration is positively correlated with velocity, with dust accumulation occurring at heights of 0.3m and 0.6m above ground level. The primary exposure pathway for key heavy metals is hand-to-mouth ingestion; although both non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risks are generally low, at a vehicle speed of 60km/h and a height of 0.6m, the non-carcinogenic hazard quotient for inhalation (HQ-inh) is elevated. Therefore, protective measures are recommended for individuals active within this range.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1623-1635 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6118KB] ( 135 )
1636 The combined exposure to microplastics and triclosan disrupts lipid metabolism in zebrafish
CHENG Guan-chen, LIU Xing-cheng, WANG Hui-li, QIAN Qiu-hui
In this study, zebrafish were used as a model organism to investigate the effects of combined exposure to polyamide microplastics (PA MPs) and triclosan (TCS) on lipid metabolism in larval zebrafish. The findings demonstrated that PA exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for TCS, with an adsorption rate reaching 74% at 168h. Exposure to PA and TCS from 6hpf to 120hpf resulted in pronounced morphological abnormalities in larval zebrafish, including pericardial edema, swim bladder closure, yolk sac edema, and spinal curvature, with a malformation rate of 13%. Moreover, combined exposure induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the larvae, triggering oxidative stress responses. In the hepatic region, significant lipid accumulation was observed, accompanied by elevated levels of T-CHO and TG. These changes were further correlated with aberrant expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, confirming that combined exposure to PA and TCS disrupted lipid metabolic processes in zebrafish. Mechanistic investigations revealed that combined exposure led to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased expression of ATP synthase genes, resulting in impaired energy supply and subsequent energy metabolism disruption. Notably, the presence of PA significantly amplified the disruptive effects of TCS on lipid and energy metabolism compared to exposure to either PA or TCS alone.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1636-1646 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3319KB] ( 157 )
1647 Characteristics and health risk of four oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coking plants
CHENG Yu-huan, LIU Xiao-feng, TAN Xin, LI Xin-yang, WANG Kun
In order to identify the pollution characteristics and carcinogenic risk of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in the environmental media in the coking plants, vegetation, soil and ambient air samples were collected in JD and PF coking plants. Four species of OPAHs, including 1-acenaphthenone (1-ANO), 9-fluorenone (9-FLU), 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-ATQ), and benzanthrone (BZO), were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD). The results showed that the concentrations of Σ4OPAHs in vegetations, soils, and ambient air in PF plant were higher than those in JD plant, respectively, and 9-FLU and 9,10-ATQ were dominated in the environmental media in both plants. The fugacity of ambient air-soil showed that 9-FLU was in equilibrium between the air and soil, and 9,10-ATQ released from soil into the air in PF plant. Human health risks were assessed for adults through ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. The carcinogenic risks of OPAHs in the soils in JD and PF plants were acceptable for adults, and the carcinogenic risks of OPAHs in the ambient air in both plants were also acceptable for adults. The results provide a basis for the formulation of OPAH prevention and control measures.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1647-1656 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1157KB] ( 126 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
1657 The spatiotemporal pattern evolution and influencing factors of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in Chinese counties
XING Hui, HUO Xiao-qian
Based on the panel data of 2383 counties in China from 2003 to 2022, the composite system synergy model and super-efficient SBM-DEA model were initially employed to quantify the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in counties were explored by kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and standard deviation ellipse. Ultimately, the XGBoost algorithm and SHAP value interpretation algorithm were combined to identify the main influencing factors of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions. The results show that. the level of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in Chinese counties has been gradually rising, with a marked acceleration observed after 2020. The synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions exhibits a “high in the east, low in the west” pattern, accompanied by a significant spatial positive correlation. The distribution center of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in counties generally migrates to the southeast, reflecting a north-south centripetal trend and an east-west spatial divergence. Energy intensity is the main influencing factor of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, and has a negative impact on the synergistic reduction. Technological innovation and industrial structure generally promote the synergistic reduction. The impact of economic development, population density and financial development on the synergistic reduction shows complex nonlinear characteristics. Compared with the eastern region, the impact of energy intensity on the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in the central and western regions is more significant.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1657-1673 [Abstract] ( 66 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3005KB] ( 154 )
1674 Empirical evaluation and mechanism analysis of domestic carbon trading pilot policies on emission reduction
CHEN Cao-cao, YU Feng-ju, ZHANG Yue, LIU Geng-yuan, WANG Xin-shuang, ZHENG Kai-yun, HU Jing, WANG Li-bo, SONG Dan, HU Yong-feng, SUN Fen, SUN Da-li, MA Ning
This study utilizes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2021. We treat the carbon trading policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and apply a multi-period difference-in-differences method to systematically evaluate its impact on carbon emissions. The results indicate that: after the introduction of the carbon trading policy, the total carbon emissions in the pilot regions decrease by 13.2%, while carbon intensity and per capita carbon emissions fall by 21.3% and 17.2%, respectively. The carbon trading policy significantly reduces carbon intensity in the pilot regions; however, the impacts on total carbon emissions and per capita emissions are not significant. Carbon reduction through trading primarily relies on improvements in industrial structure, with weaker mediation effects from carbon trading prices, market activity, and low-carbon technology. There may be complementary and synergistic effects among different policies. Although carbon trading plays a positive role in promoting carbon reduction, its synergistic effects on SO2, NOx and PM2.5 still need to be enhanced. These results provide important empirical support for understanding carbon trading policies and offer a scientific basis for refining the carbon trading system as well as guiding future adjustments and optimizations of carbon market policies.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1674-1685 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 583KB] ( 131 )
1686 Re-evaluation of China’s animal husbandry carbon emission: Current characteristics, dynamic evolution, and spatial correlation
TIAN Yun, XIA Rui, LI Bei
This paper takes the period from 2005 to 2022 as the examination period, and discusses the dynamic evolution law and spatial correlation characteristics of China's animal husbandry on the basis of re-measuring its carbon emissions and analyzing its current characteristics. The results show that the total amount of carbon emissions from China's animal husbandry in the study period has fluctuated, but the overall trend is declining, the carbon emission intensity has been in a continuous downward trend, only the inter-annual rate of decline is different, cattle and hog feeding is the key driver of carbon emissions from the animal husbandry. In 2022, the carbon emissions of the animal husbandry in each province and region were significantly different, and the top 10regions were mainly identified as core livestock production areas or grain production areas. The carbon emissions intensity of the animal husbandry in the interprovincial area was characterized by a distribution pattern of 'high in the northwest and low in the southeast'. The 30 provinces and regions were categorized into four types, such as those driven by cattle feeding and those driven by hog feeding, based on the composition of the carbon emissions of the animal husbandry in each region. During the study period, the carbon emission intensity of the animal husbandry as a whole, as well as that of cattle and sheep rearing, showed an obvious downward trend and the inter-provincial gap narrowed significantly; while the carbon emission intensity of hog rearing also declined, but the inter-provincial gap widened significantly. During the study period, the carbon emission intensity of China's animal husbandry has always had a significant spatial dependence, with low-low agglomeration as the main focus and high-high agglomeration as the secondary focus, and showing the characteristic of “the low is always low and the high is always high”.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1686-1698 [Abstract] ( 57 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 657KB] ( 136 )
1699 Research on the efficiency difference and promotion strategy of combining carbon emission reduction policies
YANG Xia, HE Gang, ZHANG Shi-yu, JIANG Huai-yin
This study creates four scenarios for the employment of carbon emission reduction policy tools, depending on whether the two emission reduction policies of carbon trading and carbon tax are engaged. During this process, evolutionary game theory is applied. The stability analysis of the game system has provided a thorough explanation of the influence mechanism and action mechanism of the combination of carbon emission reduction policies on enterprise carbon emission reduction. On this premise, we conduct sensitivity analysis to discover the primary sensitivity elements that influence the game system's path. In the empirical analysis section, we take the case of national carbon trading market construction as the empirical object, simulate the evolution trajectory of the main body of carbon trading and mixed carbon policy use scenario game, deeply analyze the influence degree of key factors on the system, and put forward the dynamic increasing tax rate and dynamic reward and punishment strategy, optimize the carbon emission reduction efficiency improvement strategy of mixed carb. The study found that: when compared to no carbon trading without carbon tax, carbon trading without carbon tax, and no carbon trading with carbon tax, the mixed carbon policy use scenario has the highest carbon emission reduction efficiency. Second, the current construction of China's carbon trading market need further strengthening. The government and businesses have not achieved the optimal state (supervision, carbon emission reduction). The cost and penalty elements have a clear impact on the game system, however the direction of subsidy factors is unknown. Third, dynamic incentive and punishment schemes are combined with dynamic incremental tax rates in the mixed carbon policy scenario. The system spirals upward and reaches a stable equilibrium position (carbon emission reduction, supervision), where the optimal reward and punishment scheme is dynamic subsidy-dynamic punishment.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1699-1712 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2714KB] ( 152 )
1713 Research on the impact mechanism of industrial digitalization on green total factor productivity: The threshold effect of environmental regulation
HUANG He-ping, ZHOU Gui-ming, LI Guo-min
This study analyzes provincial panel data from China covering the period from 2014 to 2022 to measure the level of industrial digitalization across three sectors: agriculture, industry, and services. Additionally, it accounts for the input of data factors and various undesired outputs while evaluating green total factor productivity, thereby exploring the interaction effects and mechanisms between the two. The research findings are demonstrated as follows: Significant disparities exist in the levels of industrial digitalization among provinces, demonstrating a spatial pattern of “East > Central > West.”Moreover, green total factor productivity shows a consistent upward trend, indicating a progressive improvement in regional multi-level differentiation. Robustness tests reveal that industrial digitalization across Chinese provinces significantly enhances green total factor productivity, with impact effects characterized by the order of agriculture < industry < services. Regarding transmission pathways, the development of industrial digitalization in each province predominantly boosts green total factor productivity by reducing the mismatch between capital and labor and facilitating industrial structure upgrades; In provinces characterized by high public environmental awareness and lower industrialization levels, the effect of industrial digitalization on enhancing green total factor productivity is comparatively pronounced; The impact of industrial digitalization on green total factor productivity exhibits a single threshold characteristic, contingent upon the intensity of various forms of environmental regulation, with threshold values of 0.4582 for command-and-control regulation and 0.0096 for market-based regulation. Consequently, the government should formulate differentiated regional industrial policies and marketing strategies to more effectively promote the development of industrial digitalization and bolster green total factor productivity, thereby achieving sustainable green development.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1713-1730 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1657KB] ( 161 )
1731 Exploring the inter-generational accountability of river chiefs in the sustainable management of urban inland rivers: A mechanistic approach
SHEN Jing, WEN Qing, ZHANG Min, ZHANG Yang, ZHAN Rui, HE Li
In the context of the comprehensive advancement of the green water protection campaign, guiding river chiefs to effectively assume inter-generational responsibilities and promote the ecological sustainability of urban inland rivers is a critical practical challenge. This paper addresses the issues of "difficult inter-generational coordination of river chiefs and limited internal government supervision" within the sustainable governance framework of urban inland rivers. Utilizing evolutionary game theory, we develop a four-player evolutionary game model that includes the previous and next generations of river chiefs, government administrative supervision departments, and the public. By examining the strategic evolution of the system under various influencing factors, we explore how local government administrative supervision departments can collaborate with the public to establish an internal and external dual-layer multi-governance supervision system, thereby encouraging river chiefs to fulfill their inter-generational responsibilities. Our findings indicate that the influence between the two generations of river chiefs is asymmetric over time and space, with the governance strategy of the previous generation having a more significant impact on the next. As comprehensive management costs increase, both generations exhibit a tendency towards negative governance intentions. Reducing the cost-sharing ratio alleviates the burden on the previous generation but hinders the continuity of governance by the next, leading to interruptions in management efforts. Enhanced administrative supervision can accelerate system stabilization, significantly affecting both generations of river chiefs. However, relying solely on increased enforcement without adjusting rewards and penalties will gradually diminish its effectiveness. Changes in performance-based rewards, penalties, and base salaries affect system stability to varying degrees, but base salary adjustments have a limited impact compared to the responsiveness of performance incentives. Although increased public reporting intensity does not significantly alter the strategy choices of the two generations of river chiefs, it does contribute to reducing system stabilization time. This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of inter-generational responsibilities of government officials and sustainable environmental governance but also provides a theoretical foundation for the sustainable ecological management of urban inland rivers. By analyzing the impact of various factors on the strategic choices of river chiefs across generations, it offers insights into the internal mechanisms of urban inland river ecological governance. Furthermore, it supports local government administrative supervision departments in collaborating with the public to build a dual-layer multi-governance supervision system, facilitating continuous improvements in the ecological environment of urban inland rivers.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1731-1744 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2296KB] ( 115 )
1745 The environmental governance effect of the centralized environmental enforcement system reform: A quasi-experiment based on 192 cities
TANG Yu, LIU Zhe, TAO Xiao-lei
The traditional environmental enforcement framework is fraught with conflicts stemming from the dichotomy between fragmented enforcement and integrated governance, the tension between local protectionism and stringent environmental regulation, and the disparity between imbalanced information structures and the need for precise governance. These conflicts have led to weakened environmental regulation and a concomitant decline in environmental quality. In response, the Chinese central government has initiated a centralized environmental enforcement system reform (EESR). The theoretical underpinnings of this reform are rooted in the integration of functions to mitigate the fragmentation, the reconfiguration of power to prevent local interference, and the leveraging of technology to facilitate comprehensive and transparent oversight. Based on this, we have constructed annual panel data for 192 prefecture-level cities spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, we found that EESR has significantly led to stricter environmental enforcement, with a post-EESR increase of 49.8% in environmental administrative penalties levied by cities. However, economic factors would modulate the efficacy of the EESR. Cities closer to the western regions exhibit a less pronounced positive impact of the reform on environmental enforcement. Further analysis indicated that the EESR has had a significant positive effect on air quality, with substantial reductions in concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 following its implementation. This study offers guidance for the further development and improvement of the EESR in later stages, as well as insights into understanding the positive effects of a centralized environmental control system.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1745-1753 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 947KB] ( 76 )
Emerging Contaminants
1754 Effect of polyamide microplastics on the adsorption of sulfonic acid perfluoroalkyl compounds at the water-soil interface
DU Yu-zan, SUN Jiao-xia, FU Jiang, XIANG Hong, LUO Xue, YANG Fan, WANG Xi, FAN Jian-xin
In this study, the adsorption and distribution processes of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in polyamide (PA) microplastics and soil interaction systems were investigated,and the effects of various factors on their adsorption were explored. The results indicated that the adsorption equilibrium time for 6:2 FTSA and PFHxS in the microplastic-soil interaction system (approximately 120 hours) was significantly slower than in individual microplastic and soil systems (approximately 24 hours). Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium capacity of 6:2 FTSA (0.044mg/g) and PFHxS (0.173mg/g) in the microplastic-soil interaction system was considerably lower than in PA microplastics alone (6:2FTSA:2.698mg/g; PFHxS: 3.518mg/g), but slightly higher than in soil alone (6:2FTSA:0.026mg/g;PFHxS: 0.048mg/g). With the increase of the content of microplastics in soil, the proportion of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS on microplastics gradually increased, especially for PFHxS. From the perspective of microplastics, the interaction with soil altered the surface properties of microplastics. As soil minerals occupied some adsorption sites of microplastics, the adsorption capacity of microplastics for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS was significantly reduced. Conversely, from the soil perspective, the presence of microplastics enhanced the soil's adsorption capacity for 6:2FTSA and PFHxS, with this effect becoming more pronounced as the proportion of microplastics increased, due to the strong adsorption affinity of microplastics for PFAS. In the co-cultivation system of microplastics and soil, although the surface properties of microplastics were modified over time, the overall adsorption of 6:2FTSA and PFHxS by the PA microplastics-soil system was not been significantly altered. These findings suggest that microplastics exert a long-lasting and relatively stable influence on PFAS in soil.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1754-1764 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2575KB] ( 124 )
1765 Hydraulic experiments and numerical simulation of microplastics migration in aquatic environments
LI Yu-xuan, DOU Ming, LI Gui-qiu, WANG Zhen, ZHOU Yu-ze, XING Ao-qi
The migration behavior of microplastics in aquatic environments is governed by complex interactions among hydraulic, physical, and material-specific factors. This study integrates hydraulic experiments and force analysis to identify the critical hydraulic parameter thresholds influencing state transitions of different microplastic types in freshwater systems. A Lagrangian particle tracking method is then employed to develop a migration model grounded in well-defined physical principles. This model simulates microplastic trajectories, predicting their ultimate movement states and environmental fate. The model is validated using field data from the urban section of the Jialu River in Zhengzhou, China. Results indicate that 66.79% of microplastics in this section have particle sizes smaller than 0.5mm, with fragmented (31.1%) and fibrous (29.2%) shapes being predominant. Polypropylene (PP) migrates as floating debris with the highest velocity, while polystyrene (PS) and polyamide (PA) particles smaller than 0.5mm migrate as suspended load. In contrast, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and PA particles larger than 0.5mm migrate as bedload or remain stationary on the riverbed. Under flow rates of 14m3/s and 20m3/s, retention rates of microplastics over 36hours were 43.79% and 47.85%, respectively, with PA and PET constituting the major retained microplastic types. These findings provide valuable insights into the hydrodynamic behavior and environmental fate of microplastics, offering guidance for pollution management in freshwater systems.
2025 Vol. 45 (3): 1765-1776 [Abstract] ( 62 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2893KB] ( 131 )
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