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土壤有机质组分中多环芳烃分配特征和生态风险
Distribution patterns and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different soil organic matter fractions
土壤有机质是影响多环芳烃（PAHs）环境行为的一个重要因素，不同有机质组分结合的PAHs生物有效性和环境风险有所不同.本文对6个野外污染土壤中15种优控PAHs的含量和组成及其在土壤轻组（LF）和重组（HF）中的分配特征进行了研究，并采用苯并[a]芘（BaP）毒性当量浓度（TEQBaP）评价了全土、LF和HF中PAHs的生态风险.结果表明，6个土样中15种PAHs总量范围为8.31×102~2.97×104μg/kg，4环PAHs百分含量最高，范围为35.7%~59.6%.6个土样LF中PAHs总量范围为2.38×104~1.17×105μg/kg，HF中PAHs总量范围为3.75×102~2.12×104μg/kg.虽然土壤中LF质量百分比只有1.0%~9.8%，但其结合的PAHs量却占土壤中PAHs总量的5.9%~60.6%.LF中15种PAHs总TEQBaP值范围为2.99×102~1.68×104μg/kg，分别是全土和HF的2.7~33.2倍和3.6~69.5倍.在PAHs污染土壤修复和生态风险评估中，应重视LF中PAHs.对LF中PAHs量占土壤中PAHs总量百分比较高的土壤，可以通过分离LF的方法来修复污染土壤.
Soil organic matter is one of the most important factors that affects the environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and there are differences in the bioavailability and environmental risks of PAHs among different soil organic matter fractions. The contents and compositions of 15priority PAHs and their distribution patterns in the light (LF) and heavy fractions (HF) of six field-contaminated soils were studied. The toxicity equivalent concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (TEQBaP) was adopted to assess the ecological risks of PAHs in the bulk soil, as well as in the LF and HF. The results showed that the contents of the fifteen PAHs in the six soils ranged from 8.31×102 to 2.97×104 μg/kg, and the 4-ring PAHs accounted for the highest proportion, which ranged from 35.7% to 59.6%. In the six soils, the contents of total PAHs were in the ranges of 2.38×104~1.17×105μg/kg for the LF and of 3.75×102~2.12×104μg/kg for the HF. Although the LF accounted for only 1.0%~9.8% of the total soil mass, it accounted for 5.9%~60.6% of total soil PAHs. TEQBaP of the total fifteen PAHs in the LF ranged from 2.99×102 to 1.68×104μg/kg, which was 2.7~33.2 times of those in the bulk soil and 3.6~69.5times of those in the HF, respectively. For the remediation and risk assessment of PAHs in contaminated soils, PAHs in the LF must be emphasized. In contaminated soils where the proportions of PAHs bound with the LF are high, removing the LF from the bulk soil would be an alternative remediation method.
distribution pattern / ecological risk / heavy fraction / light fraction / polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
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