太原市采暖季PM2.5组分特征及重污染事件分析

倪登峰; 刘素; 曹力媛; 王杰; 高健; 解静芳; 郭英哲

PDF(585 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7) : 2821-2828.

大气污染与控制

太原市采暖季PM_2.5组分特征及重污染事件分析

倪登峰^1,2, 刘素³, 曹力媛⁴, 王杰^2,5, 高健², 解静芳¹, 郭英哲^2,6

作者信息 +

Composition characteristics of PM_2.5 and heavy pollution events in Taiyuan City during heating season

NI Deng-feng^1,2, LIU Su³, CAO Li-yuan⁴, WANG Jie^2,5, GAO Jian², XIE Jing-fang¹, GUO Ying-zhe^2,6

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对2017~2018年采暖季太原市PM_2.5及其水溶性离子、碳质组分和无机元素开展在线观测，结合气象数据分析不同污染水平下的组分特征.分析表明，2017~2018年太原市采暖季细颗粒物主要化学成分为SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、Cl^-、Ca²⁺、OC、EC，且呈现OC>SO₄^2- > NO₃^- > NH₄⁺ > Cl^- > Ca²⁺ > EC的趋势，随污染水平增长最多的是二次无机物；优良、轻度污染和重污染3种污染水平下OC、EC相关系数分别为0.69、0.66、0.55，N/S分别为1.06、1.29、0.93，表明随着污染水平的提高，OC和EC的来源一致性逐步变差，且排放源虽仍处于氮排放源（移动源和工业源）和硫排放源（燃煤源）的共同控制，但硫排放源贡献率显著升高.重污染事件分析表明太原市重污染应对过程中不仅需要加强机动车、工业源等污染源的管控，更需要重点加强燃煤管控.

Abstract

Based on the on-line observation of PM_2.5 and its water-soluble ions, carbonaceous components and inorganic elements during the heating period of 2017~2018 in Taiyuan City, the composition characteristics under different pollution levels were analyzed combinedwith meteorological data. The analysis indicated that the dominant chemical components of fine particles in the heating period of Taiyuan City from 2017 to 2018 were SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, Cl^-, Ca²⁺, OC and EC, which showed the trend of OC > SO₄^2- > NO₃^- > NH₄⁺ > Cl^- > Ca²⁺ > EC. And secondary inorganics increased the most with the pollution level. The correlations between OC and EC under three pollution levels of excellent, light and heavy pollution were 0.69, 0.66 and 0.55, respectively,and N/S were 1.06, 1.29 and 0.93, respectively, indicating that with the increase of pollution levels, the consistency of OC and EC sources gradually deteriorated. In addition,the emission sources were still under the synergetic control of nitrogen emission sources (mobile and industrialsources) and sulfur (coalburning) emission sources, however, the contribution rate of sulfur emission sources increased significantly. The analysis of heavy pollution events showed that in the process of responding to heavy pollution inTaiyuan, it is necessary not only to strengthen the control of emission sources such as vehicles exhaust、industrial sources, etc, but more importantly the control of coal burning.

导出引用

倪登峰, 刘素, 曹力媛, 王杰, 高健, 解静芳, 郭英哲. 太原市采暖季PM_2.5组分特征及重污染事件分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2020, 40(7): 2821-2828

NI Deng-feng, LIU Su, CAO Li-yuan, WANG Jie, GAO Jian, XIE Jing-fang, GUO Ying-zhe. Composition characteristics of PM_2.5 and heavy pollution events in Taiyuan City during heating season[J]. China Environmental Science. 2020, 40(7): 2821-2828

中图分类号： X513

参考文献

[1] 孙永亮,赵天良,邱玉珺,等.成都一次霾过程中颗粒物消光作用的垂直变化[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(5):31-38. Sun Y L, Zhao T L, Qiu Y Z, et al. Vertical change of extinction of particulate matter during a haze in Chengdu[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(5):31-38.
[2] 刘强,王明星,李晶,等.大气气溶胶研究现状和发展趋势[J]. 中国粉体技术, 1999,5(3):17-23. Liu Q, Wang M X, Li J, et al. Current status and development trends of atmospheric aerosol research[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 1999,5(3):17-23.
[3] 王占山,李云婷,孙峰,等. 2015年1月下旬北京市大气污染过程成因分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016,36(7):2324-2331. Wang Z S, Li Y T, Sun F, et al. Causes of atmospheric pollution in Beijing in late January 2015[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2016,36(7):2324-2331.
[4] 薛亦峰,周震,聂滕. 2015年12月北京市空气重污染过程分析及污染源排放变化[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(5):1593-1601. Xue Y F, Zhou Z, Nie T. Analysis of Heavy Air Pollution Process in Beijing and the Changes of Pollution Source Emissions in Beijing in December 2015[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(5):1593-1601.
[5] Hua Y, Wang S X, Jiang J K, et al. Characteristics and sources of aerosol pollution at a polluted rural site southwest in Beijing, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,626:519-527.
[6] 王燕丽,薛文博,雷宇,等.京津冀区域PM_2.5污染相互输送特征[J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(12):4897-4904. Wang Y L, Xue W B, Lei Y, et al. Characteristics of PM_2.5pollution transport in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(12):4897-4904.
[7] Kim B, Bae C H, Kim H C, et al. Spatially and chemically resolved source apportionment analysis:Case studyof high particulate matter event[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017,162:55-70.
[8] 王郭臣,王东启,陈振楼.北京冬季严重污染过程的PM_2.5 污染特征和输送路径及潜在源区[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(7):1931-1937. Wang G C, Wang D Q, Chen Z L. Characteristics of PM_2.5 pollution and its transport path and potential source areas in Beijing during severe pollution in winter[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(7):1931-1937.
[9] Choi J K, Park, et al. Impacts of local vs. trans-boundary emissions from different sectors on PM_2.5 exposure in South Korea during the KORUS-AQ campaign[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2019,203:196-205.
[10] 王家成,朱成杰,朱勇,等.北京地区多气溶胶遥感参量与PM_2.5相关性研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(7):1947-1956. Wang J C, Zhu C J, Zhu Y, et al. Correlation between remote sensing aerosol parameters and PM_2.5 in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(7):1947-1956.
[11] 刘俊,安兴琴,朱彤,等.京津冀及周边减排对北京市PM_2.5浓度下降评估研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(11):2726-2733. Liu J, An Q, Zhu T, et al. Evaluation of PM_2.5 decrease in Beijing after emission restrictions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(11):2726-2733.
[12] 王琴,张大伟,刘保献,等.基于PMF模型的北京市PM_2.5来源的时空分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(10):2917-2924. Wang Q, Zhang D W, Liu B X, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of ambient PM_2.5 source contributions using positive matrix factorization[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(10):2917-2924.
[13] 吴琳,冯银厂,戴莉,等.天津市大气中PM₁₀、PM_2.5及其碳组分污染特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2009,29(11):1134-1139. Wu L, Feng Y C, Dai L, et al. Characteristics of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and their carbonaceous species in Tianjin City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2009,29(11):1134-1139.
[14] 霍静,李彭辉,韩斌,等.天津秋冬季PM_2.5碳组分化学特征与来源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2011,31(12):1937-1942. Huo J, Li P H, Han B, et al. Character and source analysis of carbonaceous aerosol in PM_2.5during autumn-winter period, Tianjin[J]. China Environmental Science, 2011,31(12):1937-1942.
[15] 陈静,杨鹏,韩军彩,等.基于高分辨率MARGA数据分析石家庄PM_2.5成分谱特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(9):2594-2604. Chen J, Yang P, Han J C, et al. Analysis of PM_2.5 spectrum characteristics in Shijiazhuang based on high resolution MARGA data[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(9):2594-2604.
[16] 李丽珍,刘辉.太原市采暖季PM_2.5的污染特征分析[J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2014,39(3):130-131. Li L Z, Liu H. Analysis of pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 during the heating season in Taiyuan City[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2014,39(3):130-131.
[17] 李丽珍,刘辉,曹露.太原采暖季霾和良天气下大气污染物的污染特征分析[J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2014,39(5):188-189. Li L Z, Liu H, Cao L. Pollution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in Taiyuan during warm season haze and good weather[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2014,39(5):188-189.
[18] 张桂香,闫雨龙,郭利利,等.太原市大气PM_2.5中碳质组成及变化特征[J]. 环境科学, 2015,(3):780-786. Zhang G X, Yan Y L, Guo L L, et al. Carbonaceous composition and change characteristics of atmospheric PM_2.5 in Taiyuan City[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,(3):780-786.
[19] Liu K K, Ren J, et al. Characteristics, sources and health risks of PM_2.5 -bound potentially toxic elements in the northern rural China[J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2019,10(1016):1621-1626.
[20] 李义宇,杨鸿儒,王楠,等.太原市一次重污染天气过程的成因分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2018,34(2):11-18. Li Y Y, Yang H G, Wang N, et al. Cause analysis of a severely polluted weather process in Taiyuan[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2018,34(2):11-18.
[21] Cheng Y, Zheng M, He K B, et al. Comparison of two thermal-optical methods for the determination of organic carbon and elemental carbon:Results from the southeastern United States[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(11):1913-1918.
[22] Wu C, Huang X H, Ning W M, et al. Inter-comparison of NIOSH and IMPROVE protocols for OC and EC determination:implications for inter-protocol data conversion[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2016,9(9):4547-4560.
[23] Khan B, Bernine M D, Hays C G & J, et al. Differences in the OC/EC ratios that characterize ambient and source aerosols due to thermal-optical analysis[J]. Aerosol Science & Technology, 2012,46(2):127-137.
[24] Gao J, Yue, Chen G, et al. Insights into the chemical characterization and sources of PM_2.5 in Beijing at a 1-h time resolution[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,542(Pt A):162-171.
[25] Liu J, Wu D, Fan S, et al. A one-year, on-line, multi-site observational study on water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5, over the Pearl River Delta region, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,601-602:1720-1732.
[26] Liu B, Yang J, Yuan J, et al. Source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants based on the online data by using PMF and ME2models at a megacity, China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2017,185:22-31.
[27] 郑玫,张延君,闫才青,等.中国PM_2.5来源解析方法综述[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,50(6):1141-1154. Zheng M, Zhang Y J, Yan C Q, et al. Summary of analytical methods of PM_2.5 sources in China[J]. Journal of Peking University (Natural Science), 2014,50(6):1141-1154.
[28] 权克.标准制修订信息——环境保护部发布GB3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》[S]. Quan K. Information on Standard Development and Revision——The Ministry of Environmental Protection issued GB3095-2012"Ambient Air Quality Standards"[J].
[29] Zhang Y, Huang W, Cai T, et al. Concentrations and chemical compositions of fine particles (PM_2.5) during haze and non-haze days in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,174-175:62-69.
[30] Zhang Q, Shen Z, Cao J, et al. Variations in PM_2.5、TSP、BC, and trace gases (NO₂, SO₂, and O₃) between haze and non-haze episodes in winter over Xi\"an, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,112:64-71.
[31] 张腾.太原市采暖季大气颗粒物化学组成特征及来源解析和重污染成因分析[D]. 太原:太原理工大学, 2016. Zhang T. Chemical composition characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric particulates in Taiyuan during the heating season and analysis of causes of heavy pollution[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology, 2016.
[32] 魏小锋,谭路遥,孙友敏,等.清洁能源政策下济南市采暖季PM_2.5中水溶性离子变化分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2019,(7):1416-1422. Wei X F, Tan L Y, Sun Y M, et al. Analysis of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 during the heating season of Jinan City under clean energy policy[J]. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 2019,(7):1416-1422.
[33] 李星,赵文吉,熊秋林,等.北京采暖季PM_2.5水溶性无机离子污染特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018,(1):93-100. Li X, Zhao W J, Xiong Q L, et al. Pollution characteristics and influencing factors of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 during Beijing heating season.[J]. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 2018, (1):93-100.
[34] 丁新航,梁越,肖化云,等.长沙市秋季PM_2.5中水溶性离子特征及其来源解析[J]. 地球与环境, 2019,47(2):186-193. Ding X H, Liang Y, Xiao H Y, et al. Analysis of water-soluble ions and sources of PM_2.5 in autumn in Changsha City[J]. Earth and Environment, 2019,47(2):186-193.
[35] 黄凡,陈楠,周家斌,等.2016~2017年武汉市城区大气PM_2.5污染特征及来源解析[J]. 中国环境监测, 2019,35(1):22-30. Huang F, Chen N, Zhou J B, et al. Analysis of PM_2.5 pollution characteristics and sources in Wuhan urban area from 2016 to 2017[J]. China Environmental Monitoring, 2019,35(1):22-30.
[36] 刘素,马彤,杨艳,等.太原市冬季PM_2.5化学组分特征与来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(4):19-26. Liu S, Ma T, Yang Y, et al. Analysis of chemical composition characteristics and source of PM_2.5 in Taiyuan in winter[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(4):19-26.
[37] 高晓梅.我国典型地区大气PM_2.5水溶性离子的理化特征及来源解析[D]. 青岛:山东大学环境研究院, 2012. Gao X M. Physical and chemical characteristics and source analysis of water-soluble ions of PM_2.5 in typical regions of China[D]. Qingdao:Environmental Research Institute of Shandong University, 2012.
[38] He Q, Yan Y, Guo L, et al. Characterization and source analysis of water-soluble inorganic ionic species in PM_2.5 in Taiyuan city, China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2017,184:48-55.
[39] Yan Y, He Q, Guo L, et al. Source apportionment and toxicity of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by PMF:Quantifying the influence of coal usage in Taiyuan, China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2017,193:50-59.
[40] 张园园.南京北郊PM_2.5中水溶性离子特征在线监测研究[D]. 南京:南京信息工程大学, 2017. Zhang Y Y. On-line monitoring of the characteristics of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2017.
[41] Wu C, Wang G, Wang J, et al. Chemical characteristics of haze particles in Xi'an during Chinese Spring Festival:Impact of fireworks burning[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018,71:179-187.