Abstract:After testing the reliability of PM2.5 remote sensing data, the distribution pattern and evolution process of PM2.5 concentration from 2000 to 2016 in China were investigated at the pixel scale with the standard deviation analysis, Hurst index, Theil-Sen median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, and together with local spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results showed that: ①the concentration of PM2.5 was higher in the east with the annual average of 30.21μg/m3, and much lower in the west with the annual average of 4.37μg/m3. PM2.5 concentration in the western and northeastern regions showed an increasing trend. However, the change in the west was relatively moderate. The areas with severe PM2.5 pollution tended to have a large and dense population and a developed economy, such as the North China Plain, the Northeast Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin, etc. ②Taking the year of 2007 as the cutoff time, the annual changing trend of PM2.5 concentration could be divided into two stages. China's PM2.5 concentration generally showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2007 with an average annual increase of 0.95μg/m3, compared with a fluctuating and downward trend from 2007 to 2016 with an average annual decrease of 0.15μg/m3. ③Dramatic spatial differences in the stability of PM2.5 concentration were observed in the study period with more stability in the west and less in the east. Extremely unstable areas mainly consisted of the Sichuan Basin, the North China Plain, the central part of Northeast Plain, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. ④ a high PM2.5 concentration and strong anti-sustainability were mostly observed in the eastern region, whose future change would be predicted to be contrary to the current state. The areas with poor sustainability mainly consisted of mountainous, plateau-like and cold regions, indicating a similar trend of PM2.5 concentration as in the past but also showing the complexity and repeatability. ⑤ In 2016, 52% of people in China were exposed to an environment with an annual average PM2.5 concentration of 35μg/m3 or above, and14.38% of people were exposed to 60μg/m3 or above.
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