全球PM2.5人口暴露风险时空格局

张亮林; 潘竟虎

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中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11) : 5391-5404.

环境毒理与健康

全球PM_2.5人口暴露风险时空格局

张亮林, 潘竟虎

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Spatial-temporal pattern of population exposure risk to PM_2.5 in Global

ZHANG Liang-lin, PAN Jing-hu

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摘要

基于PM_2.5遥感数据和人口格网数据，利用污染物人口暴露风险模型、Theil-Sen Media和Mann-Kendall等方法，分析了2000~2016年全球PM_2.5人口暴露风险时空分布特征，并识别出暴露高风险区域.结果表明，PM_2.5遥感数据和人口格网数据可以客观地评价暴露风险程度.全球PM_2.5平均浓度在各大洲差异显著，PM_2.5污染的高值区域主要分布在东亚、南亚和东南亚.PM_2.5质量浓度的多年平均值从高到低分别是亚洲14.7μg/m³、非洲8.1μg/m³、欧洲8.03μg/m³、南美洲5.69μg/m³、北美洲4.41μg/m³和大洋洲1.27μg/m³.2000~2016年，全球PM_2.5人口暴露风险在宏观尺度上呈逐渐减少的趋势，而在区域内则呈现出差异性.空间上，全球PM_2.5人口暴露风险各大洲从高到低依次为亚洲5.94、非洲0.62、欧洲0.45、南美洲0.32、北美洲0.27和大洋洲0.01.时间上，2000~2016年，亚洲和非洲PM_2.5人口暴露风险呈增长趋势，欧洲和北美洲呈减少趋势，大洋洲和南美洲变化幅度较小.

Abstract

Based on PM_2.5 remote sensing data and population grid data, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of global population exposure risk to PM_2.5 from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed by using exposure risk model. Theil-Sen Median, Mann-Kendall, and the high-risk areas were accurately identified. The results show that PM_2.5 remote sensing data and population grid data had good accuracy. China, European Union and Canada were selected to verify the PM_2.5 mass concentrations and population grid data with good accuracy. The global average PM_2.5 mass concentrations varies significantly among different continents, and the high-value PM_2.5 pollution regions are mainly distributed in East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The annual mean PM_2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 14.7μg/m³ in Asia, 8.1μg/m³ in Africa, 8.03μg/m³ in Europe, 5.69μg/m³ in South America, 4.41μg/m³ in North America and 1.27μg/m³ in Oceania, respectively. The population exposure risk to PM_2.5 in the world showed a gradually decreasing trend in the macro scale, while it showed a different trend in the region. In terms of spatial scale, the population exposure risks to PM_2.5 in all continents rank from high to low in Asia, 0.62 in Africa, 0.45 in Europe, 0.32 in South America, 0.27 in North America and 0.01 in Oceania. Time series, global population exposure risk to PM_2.5 is significantly different from 2000 to 2016 years. Asia and Africa showed an increasing trend, Europe and North America showed a decreasing trend, Oceania and South America showed a small range of change.

导出引用

张亮林, 潘竟虎. 全球PM_2.5人口暴露风险时空格局[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(11): 5391-5404

ZHANG Liang-lin, PAN Jing-hu. Spatial-temporal pattern of population exposure risk to PM_2.5 in Global[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(11): 5391-5404

中图分类号： X511

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