Spatial-temporal patterns and driving factors of aeolian desertification in northwest Shanxi Province
XUE Zhan-jin1, QIN Zuo-dong2, CHENG Fang-Qin1
1. Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; 2. Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Abstract:The remote sensing images (acquired in 1975, 1991, 2000, 2015, and 2019), transfer matrix, spatial center migration and principal components analysis were applied to study the spatial-temporal dynamics and driving factors (mechanisms) of aeolian desertification in northwest Shanxi. Results showed that the area of aeolian desertified land (ADL) increased first and then decreased and 1495.10km2 ADL was increased during 1975 to 1991 while 1506.12km2 of non-ADL was transferred into light ADL. Moreover, 689.09km2 ADL was increased from 1991 to 2000 and as large as 11098.72km2 of light ADL was transferred into moderate ADL. During 2000~2015, ADL had decreased by 2365.85km2, and 10569.56km2 of moderate ADL was transferred into light ADL. In 2015~2019, ADL had decreased by 1931.39km2, and 1909.93km2 of light ADL transferred into non-ADL. The trend of the ADL migration firstly migrated to southward until 2000 and moved northward/westward in 2000~2019. The migration distance of severe ADL was the largest which was 19.26km in 1975~1991 and 20.06km in 1991~2000, respectively. During 2000~2019, the largest migration distance of light ADL was 30.29km which migrated to the northwest. From 1975 to 2019, the coupling of natural and human factors was the dominant factor affecting ADL dynamics. However, the population and livestock were the main human factors and the gale days was the main natural factors.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Council. Ecosystems and human well-bein:Desertification synthesis[R]. Washington, DC:World Resources Institute, 2005.
[2]
段翰晨,王涛,薛娴,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化时空演变及其景观格局-以内蒙古自治区奈曼旗为例[J]. 地理学报, 2012,67(7):917-928. Duan H C, Wang T, Xue X, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution of aeolian desertification and landscape pattern in Horqin sandy land:A case study of Naiman Banner in Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(7):917-928.
[3]
Gregory S O, Osvaldo E S, Enrique R V, et al. The interactive role of wind and water in functioning of drylands:What does the future hold[J]. BioScience, 2018,68(9):670-677.
[4]
李爱敏,韩致文,黄翠华,等.21世纪初科尔沁沙地沙漠化程度变化动态监测[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007,27(4):546-551. Li A M, Han Z W, Huang C H, et al. Remote sensing monitoring on dynamic of sandy desertification degree in Horqin sandy land at the beginning of 21st century[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2007,27(4):546-551.
[5]
Wang F, Pan X B, Wang D F, et al. Combating desertification in China:Past,present and future[J]. Land Use Policy, 2013,31(3):311-313.
[6]
刘拓.中国土地沙漠化经济损失评估[J]. 中国沙漠, 2006,26(1):40-46. Liu T. Desertification econimic loss assessment in China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2006,26(1):40-46.
[7]
Huang J P, Yu H P, Guan X D, et al. Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2016,6(2):166-171.
[8]
Dong Z B, Hu G Y, Qian G Q, et al. High-altitude aeolian research on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2017,55(4):864-901.
[9]
Wang X M, Hua T, Lang L L, et al. Spatial differences of aeolian desertification responses to climate in arid Asia[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2017,148(1):22-28.
[10]
Chen T, Bao A M, Jiapaer G L, et al. Disentangling the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on arid and semiarid grasslands in Central Asia during 1982~2015[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,653(2):1311-1325.
[11]
Gül E, Erşahin S. Evaluating the desertification vulnerability of a semiarid landscape under different land uses with the environmental sensitivity index[J]. Land Degradation & Development, 2019,30(1):811-823.
[12]
马义娟,苏志珠.山西省土地沙质荒漠化现状及发展趋势研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2003,17(3):81-84. Ma Y J, Su Z Z. Study on sandy desertification of present situation and developmental trend in Shanxi province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2003,17(3):81-84.
[13]
马义娟,钱锦霞,苏志珠.晋西北地区气候变化及其对土地沙漠化的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011,31(6):1585-1589. Ma Y J, Qian J X, Su Z Z. Climate change and its impact on land desertification in northwestern Shanxi province[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2011,31(6):1585-1589.
[14]
薛占金,秦作栋,孟宪文.晋北地区土地沙漠化经济损失初步研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012,26(4):24-29. Xue Z J, Qin Z D, Meng X W. Economic loss of aeolian desertification in north Shanxi province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012,26(4):24-29.
[15]
Xue Z J, Qin Z D, Li H J, et al. Evaluation of aeolian desertification from 1975 to 2010 and its causes in northwest Shanxi province, China[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2013,107:102-108.
[16]
秦作栋,王孟本,薛占金.晋北地区土地沙化现状及其成因分析[J]. 水土保持研究, 2008,15(2):168-172. Qin Z D, Wang M B, Xue Z J. An analysis of present situation and causes of sandification in north Shanxi province[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008,15(2):168-172.
[17]
陈志诚,龚子同,张甘霖,等.不同尺度的中国土壤系统分类参比[J]. 土壤, 2004,36(6):584-595. Chen Z C, Gong Z T, Zhang G L, et al. Correlation of soil taxa between Chinese soil genetic classification and Chinese soil taxonomy on various scales[J]. Soils, 2004,36(6):584-595.
[18]
朱震达,崔书红.中国荒漠化土地分布地域特征及其治理措施的评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 1996,16(5):328-334. Zhu Z D, Cui S H. Features of distribution and assessment for control measures of desertification in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 1996,16(5):328-334.
[19]
Yan C Z, Song X, Zhou Y M, et al. Assessment of aeolian desertification trends from 1975's to 2005's in the watershed of the Longyangxia Reservoir in the upper reaches of China's Yellow River[J]. Geomorphology, 2009,112(3/4):205-211.
[20]
Shen W S, Li H D, Sun M, et al. Dynamics of aeolian sandy land in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin of Tibet, China from 1975 to 2008[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2012,86-87:37-44.
[21]
Wang T, Yan C Z, Song X, et al. Monitoring recent trends in the area of aeolian desertified land using landsat images in China's Xinjiang region[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2012,68(1):184-190.
[22]
Duan H C, Wang T, Xue X, et al. Dynamic monitoring of aeolian desertification based on multiple indicators in Horqin Sandy Land, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,650(2):2374-2388.
[23]
段翰晨,王涛,薛娴,等.基于RS与GIS的科尔沁沙地沙漠化时空演变[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013,33(2):470-477. Duan H C, Wang T, Xue X, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution of aeolian desertification in the Horqin sandy land based on RS and GIS[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2013,33(2):470-477.
[24]
张靖,牛建明,同丽嘎,等.多水平/尺度的驱动力变化与沙漠化之间的关系-以内蒙古乌审旗为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013,33(6):1643-1653. Zhang J, Niu J M, Tong L G, et al. A multilevel/multiscale analysis of the impact of land use drivers on desertification:A case study of Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2013, 3(6):1643-1653.
[25]
Liu D L, Li B C, Liu X Z, et al. Monitoring land use change at a small watershed scale on the Loess Plateau, China:Applications of landscape metrics, remote sensing and GIS[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011,64(8):2229-2239.
[26]
Zhang F, Tashpolat T, Verner C J, et al. Evaluation of land desertification from 1990 to 2010 and its causes in Ebinur Lake region, Xinjiang China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015,73(9):5731-5745.
[27]
Qi Y B, Chang Q R, Jia K L, et al. Temporal-spatial variability of desertification in an agro-pastoral transitional zone of northern Shaanxi Province, China[J]. Catena, 2012,88(1):37-45.
[28]
Hu M J, Pan N H, Li X F, et al. Quantitative analysis of driving forces to land desertification in Maqu plateau during 1964~2014[J]. Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016,36(4):250-256.
[29]
Tian L H, Zhang D S, Hu M J, et al. Driving forces of land aeolian desertification in Gangcha County of Qinghai Province, China, during 1976~2007[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2013,33(2):493-500.