晋西北地区土地沙漠化时空格局及其驱动因素

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摘要利用晋西北地区1975，1991，2000，2015，2019年遥感影像，采用转移矩阵模型、重心迁移模型和主成分分析法，研究晋西北地区土地沙漠化的时空变化及其驱动机制.结果表明：土地沙漠化面积在时间上呈现先增加、后减少的动态趋势，其中1975~1991年沙漠化土地面积增加1495.10km²，非沙漠化土地转移为轻度沙漠化土地面积最大（1506.12km²）；1991~2000年沙漠化土地面积增加689.09km²，轻度沙漠化土地转移为中度沙漠化土地面积最大（11098.72km²）；2000~2015年沙漠化土地面积减少2365.85km²，中度沙漠化土地转移为轻度沙漠化土地面积最大（10569.56km²）；2015~2019年沙漠化土地面积减少1931.39km²，轻度沙漠化土地转移为非沙漠化土地面积最大（1909.93km²）.空间上呈现先偏南、后偏西北的迁移趋势，其中1975~1991年、1991~2000年沙漠化土地重心总体上偏南方向迁移，重度沙漠化土地重心迁移距离最大，分别为19.26，20.06km；2000~2019年沙漠化土地重心向西北迁移，轻度沙漠化土地重心迁移距离最大，为30.29km.1975~2019年晋西北地区土地沙漠化动态变化是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果，人口数量和牲畜数量是影响沙漠化土地变化的主要人为因素，大风日数是影响沙漠化土地变化的主要自然因素.

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关键词 ：土地沙漠化, 时空格局, 驱动因素, 晋西北

Abstract：The remote sensing images (acquired in 1975, 1991, 2000, 2015, and 2019), transfer matrix, spatial center migration and principal components analysis were applied to study the spatial-temporal dynamics and driving factors (mechanisms) of aeolian desertification in northwest Shanxi. Results showed that the area of aeolian desertified land (ADL) increased first and then decreased and 1495.10km² ADL was increased during 1975 to 1991 while 1506.12km² of non-ADL was transferred into light ADL. Moreover, 689.09km² ADL was increased from 1991 to 2000 and as large as 11098.72km² of light ADL was transferred into moderate ADL. During 2000~2015, ADL had decreased by 2365.85km², and 10569.56km² of moderate ADL was transferred into light ADL. In 2015~2019, ADL had decreased by 1931.39km², and 1909.93km² of light ADL transferred into non-ADL. The trend of the ADL migration firstly migrated to southward until 2000 and moved northward/westward in 2000~2019. The migration distance of severe ADL was the largest which was 19.26km in 1975~1991 and 20.06km in 1991~2000, respectively. During 2000~2019, the largest migration distance of light ADL was 30.29km which migrated to the northwest. From 1975 to 2019, the coupling of natural and human factors was the dominant factor affecting ADL dynamics. However, the population and livestock were the main human factors and the gale days was the main natural factors.

Key words： aeolian desertification dynamic changes driving factor northwest Shanxi Province

收稿日期: 2020-04-21

PACS:

X144

基金资助:山西省自然科学基金资助项目（201901D111002）；山西省软科学研究项目（2017041008-5）；襄垣县固废综合利用科技攻关项目（2018XYSDJS-02）

通讯作者: 薛占金,副教授,xuezhanjin@sxu.edu.cn E-mail: xuezhanjin@sxu.edu.cn

作者简介: 薛占金(1971-),男,山西广灵人,副教授,博士,主要从事生态恢复与资源持续利用研究.发表论文30余篇.

引用本文:

薛占金, 秦作栋, 程芳琴. 晋西北地区土地沙漠化时空格局及其驱动因素[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(12): 5428-5435. XUE Zhan-jin, QIN Zuo-dong, CHENG Fang-Qin. Spatial-temporal patterns and driving factors of aeolian desertification in northwest Shanxi Province. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(12): 5428-5435.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I12/5428

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