鄱阳湖典型湿地地下水—河湖水转化关系

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摘要选取鄱阳湖典型洪泛湿地为研究对象，分析了2018年4~10月降水、湖水、河水和湿地地下水的氢氧同位素变化特征，利用δ¹⁸O~δD关系确定了不同水文时期湿地各类水体的转化关系，并结合同位素端元混合模型估算了不同水源对湿地地下水的贡献分量.结果表明，研究区降雨δ¹⁸O和δD值在6~7月份偏小，其余月份较高，存在明显季节变化和雨量效应.河水、湖水同位素与降水同位素的季节变化规律基本一致，但受蒸发分馏影响，重同位素更为富集，且变化幅度远小于降水同位素.湿地地下水同位素的季节变化较小，δ¹⁸O、δD均值（-5.26‰，-31.1‰）高于大气降水（-6.32‰，-40.1‰）、低于湖水（-3.60‰，-26.4‰），与河水同位素（-5.09‰，-34.4‰）较为接近，表明湿地地下水受降水、湖水和河水的共同影响.涨水期（4~5月）河水的补给源为降雨和流域内地下径流，湖水主要受河水和降水共同补给，湿地地下水主要受前期降水和河水补给的滞后影响，河水的贡献比重更大.丰水期（6~8月）地下水主要接受湖水和河水共同补给，湖水的补给贡献比例超过50%，退水期（9~10月）湿地地下水向河道和湖泊等地表水体排泄.

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关键词 ：稳定同位素, 地下水, 河水, 湖水, 转化关系, 鄱阳湖湿地

Abstract：The characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in rainfall, lake water, river water, and wetland groundwater were investigated in a typical delta wetland of Poyang Lake during the period from April to October in 2018. Based on the δ¹⁸O-δD relationships, the transformations between these different water sources in different hydrological periods were quantified. The contribution rates of different water bodies to wetland groundwater were further calculated using a mixed source model. The results showed that, in general, the rainfall δ¹⁸O and δD values were lower in June and July and were higher in other months of the year. The rainfall isotopes exhibit obviously seasonal variations and the associated amount effect. The variation trends of isotopes in river water and lake water were consistent with those of the rainfall. In addition, the river water and lake water were isotopic enriched due to intense evaporation, while the variation amplitudes were less than the rainfall isotopes. The results also revealed that the groundwater isotopes in wetland were relatively stable with small seasonal variations. On average, the groundwater δ¹⁸O and δD values (-5.26‰, -31.1‰) were higher than those of the rainfall (-6.32‰, -40.1‰), and were lower than those of the lake water (-3.60‰, -26.4‰), but were close to the river water (-5.09‰, -34.4‰). This result indicated that the wetland groundwater was jointly influenced by rainfall, river water and lake water. During the water level rising period (April-May), the river water was mainly recharged by the rainfall and the catchment groundwater. During this period, the lake water was mainly supplied by the rainfall and the river water, while the wetland groundwater was mainly replenished by the antecedent precipitation and the river water. However, the contribution of river water to the wetland groundwater was the greatest among these water sources. During the high water level period (June-August), the wetland groundwater was mainly recharged by lake water and the river water, and the contribution rate of lake water was higher than 50%. During the falling water period, results showed that the wetland groundwater discharged to the surrounding river channel and the lake.

Key words： stable isotope groundwater river water lake water transformation relationship Poyang Lake wetland

收稿日期: 2020-08-26

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC0409002）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41601031，42071036，41771037）；中科院青年创新促进会项目（Y9CJH01001）；山西省应用基础研究项目（201801D221052）

通讯作者: 李云良,副研究员,yunliangli@niglas.ac.cn E-mail: yunliangli@niglas.ac.cn

作者简介: 许秀丽(1987-),女,山西忻州人,副教授,博士,主要从湿地生态水文过程研究.发表论文9篇.

引用本文:

许秀丽, 李云良, 谭志强, 郭强. 鄱阳湖典型湿地地下水—河湖水转化关系[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(4): 1824-1833. XU Xiu-li, LI Yun-liang, TAN Zhi-qiang, GUO Qiang. Groundwater, river water and lake water transformations in a typical wetland of Poyang Lake. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(4): 1824-1833.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I4/1824

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