华北农村冬季细颗粒物元素组分的特征及来源

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摘要利用2018年11月21日~2019年2月8日期间的Xact元素仪观测数据，分析了华北农村地区望都站点秋冬季细颗粒物PM_2.5中的元素组分特征.结果表明，采样期间，望都站受到了严重的PM_2.5污染，PM_2.5的平均浓度为（186.6±142.0）μg/m³.PM_2.5中最主要的元素是S、Cl和K，其平均质量浓度分别为6230，8708，1780ng/m³；其次是Al、Si、Ca、Fe和Zn，其平均质量浓度在500~1000ng/m³；剩余元素的平均质量浓度均低于500ng/m³.使用Al作为参比元素计算各元素的富集系数判断来源，Si、Ca、Ti、Fe主要来自于地壳源，K、Cr、Mn、Ni、Se、Ba同时受地壳源与人为源影响，Cu、Zn、As、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Pb主要来自于人为源；采用NMF（非负矩阵因子分解法）模型量化各种潜在排放源对本研究中PM_2.5的贡献，确认烟花爆竹源、扬尘源、机动车尾气源、燃煤/生物质燃烧源、二次源和工艺过程源是主要污染源，其贡献分别为2.6%、1.7%、6.5%、39.7、36.5%和13%.夜间燃煤/生物质燃烧源贡献与白天二次源贡献是造成PM_2.5重污染的主要成因.春节期间，烟花爆竹燃放源会造成农村地区重污染过程.Ba的富集因子适合作为烟花爆竹燃放的指征.本文研究结果可为华北农村冬季细颗粒物溯源和治理提供数据支持.

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关键词 ： PM_2.5, 元素, 富集因子, 源解析, 燃煤, 烟花爆竹, 华北, 农村

Abstract：Using the observation data of the Xact analyzer from November 21, 2018 to February 8, 2019, characteristics of the element composition of PM_2.5 at Wangdu in rural North China were analyzed. The results showed that during the sampling period, Wangdu was severely polluted by PM_2.5, and the average concentration of PM_2.5 was (186.6±142.0)μg/m³. The most important elements in PM_2.5 were S, Cl, and K, and their average mass concentrations reached 1000ng/m³; followed by Al, Si, Ca, Fe and Zn, and their mass concentrations were in the range of 500~1000ng/m³; the mass concentration of the other elements was lower than 500ng/m³. Enrichment factors calculated by using Al as the reference elements showed that Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe were mainly from crustal source, K, Cr, Mn, Ni, Se, and Ba were affected by both crustal and anthropogenic sources and Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Pb mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. NMF (Non-Negative Matrix Factorization) was deployed to quantify the contribution of various potential emission sources to PM_2.5 in this study. Firework and firecracker, dust, vehicle exhaust, coal/biomass combustion, secondary aerosol and industrial process were identified as the main pollution sources, which contributed 2.6%, 1.7%, 6.5%, 39.7, 36.5% and 13%, respectively. The contribution of coal/biomass combustion at night and secondary aerosol formation during the day were the main causes of PM_2.5 pollution. During the Spring Festival, firework and firecracker source would cause heavy pollution in rural areas. The enrichment factor of Ba appeared to be suitable as an indicator for firework and firecracker sources. The findings in this study could provide data support for source apportionment and control of fine particulate matters in winter rural North China.

Key words： PM_2.5 element enrichment factor source analysis coal combustion firework north China rural

收稿日期: 2021-02-20

PACS:

X513

基金资助:大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目（DQGG0103，DQGG0102）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（21806020）

通讯作者: 陈建民,教授,jmchen@fudan.edu.cn E-mail: jmchen@fudan.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈晖(1986-),男,上海人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事大气化学研究.发表论文30余篇.

引用本文:

陈晖, 卫雅琦, 尚晓娜, 朱超, 王春迎, 曾立民, 陈建民. 华北农村冬季细颗粒物元素组分的特征及来源[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(11): 5027-5035. CHEN Hui, WEI Ya-qi, SHANG Xiao-na, ZHU Chao, WANG Chun-ying, ZENG Li-min, CHEN Jian-min. Characteristics and sources of elemental components of fine particulate matter in winter rural areas of North China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(11): 5027-5035.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I11/5027

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