Abstract：The coexistence of nanoparticles and antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants can produce combined toxicity. CuO NPs and CIP were used as representative substances of nanoparticles and antibiotics, respectively, to investigate the long-term coexistence effects of CuO NPs and CIP on the operation performance, sludge characteristics and microbial community in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems. The nitrogen removal under CuO NPs single stress slightly improved. Meanwhile, the carbon and phosphorus removal slightly decreased in the AGS system. CIP single stress significantly inhibited the removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The coexistence stress of CuO NPs and CIP showed an obvious synergistic inhibition on the removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The coexistence stress of CuO NPs and CIP decreased cell membrane integrity, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, enhanced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, and significantly changed the functional groups of soluble EPS(S-EPS) in AGS systems. The coexistence stress of CuO NPs and CIP changed microbial community structure, had a significant synergistic inhibition on biodiversity, and had a strong toxicity on microorganisms.
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