Effect of climatic variables and design parameters on nitrate removal of bioretention system
WU Qiong1, TANG Ying-hui1, CHEN Yao1,2, LIU Zhen1,2, LI Yun-qing1, YUAN Shao-chun1,2
1. School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; 2. Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Hydraulic Engineering of Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
Abstract：Bioretention technology is one of the main Low Impact Development (LID) measures during Sponge City construction. This technology has dual effects on pollutant control and runoff reduction. However, its removal performance for nitrate (NO3--N) is usually poor. To identify the main factors affecting the performance of the technology in NO3--N removal, research data from the International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database (BMPDB) and related literatures were conducted to evaluate the effects of climatic variables and design parameters on nitrate removal in bioretention system. The relative importance of various influencing factors was quantitatively examined in conjunction with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. Finally, recommendations for optimization the design of bioretention system under various climate types was proposed. Results showed that the removal ability ranking of NO3--N in the bioretention system under different climate types was in the following order:Humid Subtropical climate (Cfa) > Warm/Temperate Continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) > Temperate Mediterranean climate (Csb) > Cold Semi- arid climate (BSk), and the median log removal rate (LRV) was -0.058, -0.212, -0.241 and -0.327, respectively. Measures such as establishing internal water storage (IWS), increasing plant diversity, setting a reasonable service area ratio and adding media modifications can improve the NO3--N removal rates. PLS analysis demonstrated that the climatic variables were more likely to affect the removal of nitrate in bioretention system than the design parameters, in which the index of variable importance (IVI) of all climatic factors excluding rainfall duration and rainfall intensity were in the range of 1.037-1.158. The removal ability of NO3--N from the bioretention system under different climate types can be improved by optimizing functional plants, prolonging retention time, setting/canceling IWS and (or) mulch layer.
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