1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. School of Management Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Maanshan 243000, China; 3. School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 4. Ningxia Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Yinchuan 751100, China
Abstract：Based on the multi-source data such as land use, elevation and precipitation, this paper adopted methods such as InVEST model, PLUS model, correlation analysis and hotspot analysis, investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics of ecosystem services (water purification, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality) in Ningxia from 2000 to 2020 as well as their trade-off/synergies, and simulated ecosystem services in 2030. As shown by results, during the research period, land use types changed relatively greatly in the past decades, and human activities were the main driving factor. From 2000 to 2020, except for soil conservation services, water purification in Ningxia, carbon storage and habitat quality all presented a declining trend. According to correlation analysis, there was a synergistic effect between nitrogen export and soil conservation and carbon storage. In addition, there was a synergistic relationship between soil conservation and carbon storage, as well as a trade-off between habitat quality and nitrogen export and carbon storage. As shown by hotspot analysis, hot spots overlapping areas between water purification services and habitat quality were relatively high (average value of 6.5%), but the proportion of regions that can simultaneously provide various ecosystem services per unit area was relatively low and showed a declining trend. In addition to soil conservation services, the ecological protection scenario was more favorable to improve ecosystem function. Research results, which highlight the importance of ecological protection in land use management, can provide a basic reference for the optimization of regional land patterns and the effective allocation of resources.
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