Analysis of erosion sediment sources in typical Mollisols watershed by composite fingerprinting technique
XU Wei-tao1, ZHANG Shao-liang1, ZHAO Guang-yin1, WANG Hao1, ZHANG Cheng-bo1, ZHUANG Ya-ru1, YAN Peng-ke1, LI Chuan-bao1, LI Wei1, ZHANG Xing-yi2
1. School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; 2. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
Abstract：It is an important foundation for the scientific prevention and control of soil erosion to clarify the characteristics of erosion sediment sources in the Mollisols watersheds. Using the Guangrong Village sub-basin in Hailun City as the research object, 25geochemical characteristics of six potential sediment source sites and sedimentation areas in the basin were analyzed, and the best combination of fingerprint factors was determined using Kruskal-Wallis H-test and stepwise discriminant analysis, and the relative contribution of each sediment source site was calculated by a multivariate mixture model. The results showed that 11factors (Mg, Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, As, Mo, Tl, P, C, K) were identified as the best fingerprint factor combinations with a discrimination rate of 75% and a goodness of fit of >0.80. The contribution of each sediment source site to the sedimentation of the 0~20cm soil layer was in the following order:arable land with a north-facing slope near woodland (53.11%) > arable land with a north-facing slope near road (25.00%) > cultivated land with early reclamation (11.91%) > cultivated land near the watershed outlet (6.57%) > forested land (3.41%) > cultivated land with a south-facing slope (0%). Sediment in the different soil layers of 0~30cm in the sedimentation zone mainly originated from the north-facing sloping cultivated land in the watershed, while the smallest contribution of sediment was found in the cultivated land on the north side of the woodland. Different land use practices within the watershed have a greater influence on the sediment contribution than the topographic factors, however, it is mainly influenced by the topographic factor under the same land use practices. Early human activities such as reclamation and road building had a greater influence on the deep sediment contribution to the sedimentation area, while later cultivation activities had a greater influence on the surface sediment contribution to the sedimentation area. The composite fingerprinting technique based on geochemical feature factors can effectively discern the sediment sources in typical black soil sub-basins.
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