土壤微生物群落对玉米根茬和茎叶残体碳的利用特征

徐英德; 孙良杰; 王阳; 高晓丹; 李双异; 汪景宽

PDF(952 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10) : 4504-4513.

土壤污染与控制

土壤微生物群落对玉米根茬和茎叶残体碳的利用特征

徐英德, 孙良杰, 王阳, 高晓丹, 李双异, 汪景宽

作者信息 +

Characteristics of microbial utilization of maize root- and straw derived carbon

XU Ying-de, SUN Liang-jie, WANG Yang, GAO Xiao-dan, LI Shuang-yi, WANG Jing-kuan

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

以沈阳农业大学连续29a棕壤长期定位施肥试验为基础，以¹³C标记的玉米植株为试验试材，采用田间原位培养方法和磷脂脂肪酸-稳定同位素示踪联用（PLFA-SIP）技术，研究土壤不同粒级团聚体中微生物群落对残体碳的同化状况，及土壤有机碳的固定这一关键生物地球化学过程.结果表明：植物残体添加显著增加了全土及各粒级团聚体中各微生物群落PLFAs含量，其中以真菌PLFAs含量增幅最高，细菌中以革兰氏阴性菌含量增幅最高；但不同残体类型并未对全土中各群落PLFAs含量产生显著影响.茎叶碳与根茬碳的矿化率无显著差异；根茬碳对总PLFAs碳库的贡献是茎叶碳的3.9倍，说明根茬碳更有利于通过微生物合成的方式贡献于土壤有机碳库.残体碳占不同微生物群落PLFAs碳库的比例以真菌最高，表明真菌对植物残体碳具有最强的同化能力；而残体碳对PLFAs的贡献在革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌之间却差异不大.残体碳含量、PLFAs含量和残体碳占微生物PLFAs碳库的比例均在较小粒级的团聚体中（0.25~1mm和<0.25mm）更高，而细菌/真菌比在较大粒级团聚体（>2mm和1~2mm）中更高，说明较小粒级团聚体已经成为微生物对残体进行同化固定的主要位点.植物残体在土壤中的腐解过程与残体类型、土壤团聚体组成和微生物群落密切相关.

Abstract

Based on the long-term fertilization experiment station established in 1987, ¹³C labeled maize residues (root or straw) were added into Brown Earth and then in-situ incubated for 150days. We investigated the assimilation dynamics of maize residue carbon (C) by various microbial communities in different soil aggregates with PLFA-SIP technique, as well as the SOC sequestration process. Plant residue addition significantly increased the PLFAs contents, especially fungal PLFAs, in bulk soil and all aggregate fractions. Besides, the increase of gram-negative bacterial PLFA was greater than that of gram-positive bacterial PLFA after residue incorporation. However, residue type did not affect the PLFAs contents in different microbial groups in bulk soil. The difference in the residue C mineralization rate was not significant between the treatments of straw and root additions. The contribution of root C to the total PLFAs C was 3.9 times that of straw C to the total PLFAs C, suggesting that microbial synthesis of root C was more conducive to the sequestration of SOC. Among all microbial groups, the contribution of residue C to fungal PLFA C was highest, indicating that fungi had the strongest ability to assimilate residue C. Whereas, the contribution of residue C to gram-positive PLFA C was similar to that to gram-negative bacterial PLFA C. The contents of residue C and PLFAs and the proportion of residue C in total PLFAs C were higher in the 0.25~1mm and <0.25mm aggregates, while the bacteria/fungi ratio was higher in the >2mm and 1~2mm aggregates which indicated that the 0.25~1mm and <0.25mm aggregates were the main sites for microbial assimilation for residue C. We conclude that the decomposition of plant residue in soil is closely related to residue type, soil aggregate composition and microbial community.

导出引用

徐英德, 孙良杰, 王阳, 高晓丹, 李双异, 汪景宽. 土壤微生物群落对玉米根茬和茎叶残体碳的利用特征[J]. 中国环境科学. 2020, 40(10): 4504-4513

XU Ying-de, SUN Liang-jie, WANG Yang, GAO Xiao-dan, LI Shuang-yi, WANG Jing-kuan. Characteristics of microbial utilization of maize root- and straw derived carbon[J]. China Environmental Science. 2020, 40(10): 4504-4513

中图分类号： X53

参考文献

[1] Cotrufo M F, Wallenstein M D, Boot C M, et al. The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization:do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?[J]. Global Change Biology, 2013,19(4):988-995.
[2] Kuzyakov Y, Blagodatskaya E. Microbial hotspots and hot moments in soil:Concept & review[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 83:184-199.
[3] Liang C, Schimel J P, Jastrow J D. The importance of anabolism in microbial control over soil carbon storage[J]. Nature Microbiology, 2017,2:e17105.
[4] Lehmann J, Kleber M. The contentious nature of soil organic matter[J]. Nature, 2015,528(7580):60-68.
[5] Liang C, Amelung W, Lehmann J, et al. Quantitative assessment of microbial necromass contribution to soil organic matter[J]. Global Change Biology, 2019,25(11):3578-3590.
[6] Helgason B L, Walley F L, Germida J J. No-till soil management increases microbial biomass and alters community profiles in soil aggregates[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2010,46(3):390-397.
[7] Six J, Bossuyt H, Degryze S, et al. A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2004,79(1):7-31.
[8] Chen X F, Li Z P, Liu M, et al. Microbial community and functional diversity associated with different aggregate fractions of a paddy soil fertilized with organic manure and/or NPK fertilizer for 20years[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014,15(2):292-301.
[9] Wang Y D, Hu N, Ge T D, et al. Soil aggregation regulates distributions of carbon, microbial community and enzyme activities after 23-year manure amendment[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2017,111:65-72.
[10] He Z M, Yu Z P, Huang Z Q, et al. Litter decomposition, residue chemistry and microbial community structure under two subtropical forest plantations:A reciprocal litter transplant study[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016:84-92.
[11] Helfrich M, Ludwig B, Thoms C, et al. The role of soil fungi and bacteria in plant litter decomposition and macroaggregate formation determined using phospholipid fatty acids[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2015,96:261-264.
[12] Kong A Y Y, Scow K M, Córdova-Kreylos A L, et al. Microbial community composition and carbon cycling within soil microenvironments of conventional, low-input, and organic cropping systems[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011,43(1):20-30.
[13] Shahbaz M, Kuzyakov Y, Sanaullah M, et al. Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter is mediated by quality and quantity of crop residues:mechanisms and thresholds[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2017,53(3):287-301.
[14] Xu Y D, Ding F, Gao X D, et al. Mineralization of plant residues and native soil carbon as affected by soil fertility and residue type[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018,19:1504-1415.
[15] Kiem R, Kögel-Knabner I. Contribution of lignin and polysaccharides to the refractory carbon pool in C-depleted arable soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2003,35(1)101-118.
[16] Han L F, Sun K, Jin J, et al. Some concepts of soil organic carbon characteristics and mineral interaction from a review of literature[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016,94:107-121.
[17] Schmidt M W I, Torn M S, Abiven S, et al. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property[J]. Nature, 2011,478(7367):49-56.
[18] 安婷婷,汪景宽,李双异,等.用¹³C脉冲标记方法研究施肥与地膜覆盖对玉米光合碳分配的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2013,50(5):948-955. An T T, Wang J K, Li S Y, et al. Effect of fertilization and plastic film mulching on distrabution of photosynthetically fixed carbon in maize:explored with ¹³C pulse labeling technique[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013,50(5):948-955.
[19] Xu Y D, Sun L J, Lal R, et al. Microbial assimilation dynamics differs but total mineralization from added root and shoot residues is similar in agricultural Alfsols[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020,148:107901.
[20] Yao H Y, Chapman S J, Thornton B, et al. ¹³C PLFAs:a key to open the soil microbial black box?[J]. Plant and Soil, 2014,392(1/2):3-15.
[21] Tavi N M, Martikainen P J, Lokko K, et al. Linking microbial community structure and allocation of plant-derived carbon in an organic agricultural soil using ¹³CO₂ pulse-chase labelling combined with ¹³C-PLFA profiling[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013,58:207-215.
[22] Bach E M, Baer S G, Meyer C K, et al. Soil texture affects soil microbial and structural recovery during grassland restoration[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2010,42(12):2182-2191.
[23] Zelle L. Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil:a review[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1999,29(2):111-129.
[24] Pan F X, Li Y Y, Chapman S J, et al. Microbial utilization of rice straw and its derived biochar in a paddy soil[J]. Science of Total Environment, 2016,559:15-23.
[25] 陈坤,徐晓楠,彭靖,等.生物炭及炭基肥对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018,51(10):1920-1930. Chen K, Xu X N, Peng J, et al. Effects of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on soil microbial community structure[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(10):1920-1930.
[26] Olsson P A. Signature fatty acids provide tools for determination of the distribution and interactions of mycorrhizal fungi in soil[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1999,29(4):303-310.
[27] Werner R A, Brand W A. Referencing strategies and techniques in stable isotope ratio analysis[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2001,15(7):501-519.
[28] Dungait J A J, Kemmitt S J, Michallon L, et al. Variable responses of the soil microbial biomass to trace concentrations of ¹³C-labelled glucose, using ¹³C-PLFA analysis[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2011,62(1):117-126.
[29] De Troyer I, Amery F, Moorleghem C V, et al. Tracing the source and fate of dissolved organic matter in soil after incorporation of a ¹³C labelled residue:A batch incubation study[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011,43(3):513-519.
[30] Li F C, Wang Z H, Dai J, et al. Fate of nitrogen from green manure, straw, and fertilizer applied to wheat under different summer fallow management strategies in dryland[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2015,51(7):769-780.
[31] 王巍巍,赵琼,赵欣然,等.凋落物管理对樟子松人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015,34(9):2605-2612. Wang W W, Zhao Q, Zhao X R, et al. Effects of litter manipulation on soil microbial community structure in a Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015,34(9):2605-2612.
[32] 徐英德,丁雪丽,李双异,等.不同肥力棕壤全氮和微生物量氮对外源玉米残体氮的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2017,37(20):6818-6826. Xu Y D, Ding X L, Li S Y, et al. Effect of maize-derived nitrogen suppementation on the total and microbial biomass nitrogen of brown earths with different fertility levels[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(20):6818-6826.
[33] 徐英德,汪景宽,王思引,等.玉米残体分解对不同肥力棕壤团聚体组成及有机碳分布的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018,26(7):1029-1037. Xu Y D, Wang J L, Wang S Y, et al. Effects of maize residue decomposition on aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution of different fertilities Brow soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018,26(7):1029-1037.
[34] España M, Rasche F, Kandeler E, et al. Assessing the effect of organic residue quality on active decomposing fungi in a tropical Vertisol using ¹⁵N-DNA stable isotope probing[J]. Fungal Ecology, 2011,4(1):115-119.
[35] Li S Y, Gu X, Zhuang J, et al. Distribution and storage of crop residue carbon in aggregates and its contribution to organic carbon of soil with low fertility[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016,155:199-206.
[36] 王伟华,刘毅,唐海明,等.长期施肥对稻田土壤微生物量、群落结构和活性的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(1):430-437. Wang W H, Liu Y, Tang H M, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization regimes on microbial biomass, community structure and activity in a paddy soil[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(1):430-437.
[37] Abiven S, Recous S, Reyes V, et al. Mineralisation of C and N from root, stem and leaf residues in soil and role of their biochemical quality[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2005,42(2):119-128.
[38] 汪景宽,徐英德,丁凡,等.植物残体向土壤有机质转化过程及其稳定机制的研究进展[J]. 土壤学报, 2019,56(3):528-540. Wang J K, Xu Y D, Ding F, et al. Process of plant residue transforming into soil organic matter and mechanism of its stabilization:A review[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2019,56(3):528-540.
[39] Acosta-Martínez V, Dowd S, Sun Y, et al. Tag-encoded pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in a single soil type as affected by management and land use[J]. 2008,40(11):2762-2770.