Emission characteristics of dioxins and heavy metals from small-scale thermal treatment furnaces for disposing domestic solid waste
EI Ming1, HAI Jing2, CHENG Jiang1, LU Jia-wei2, REN Ming-zhong2, ZHANG Su-kun2, ZHU Feng2
1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
2. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
In order to know the emission levels of dioxins and heavy metals from small-scale thermal treatment furnaces for disposing rural domestic solid waste, three types of furnaces including incinerators, gasification-incineration furnace and gasifier located in mountainous rural area in Guangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong province were investigated. Results showed that the emission contents of dioxins in the flue gas from incinerator, gasification-incineration furnace and gasifier were 0.70~24.88, 3.14~4.88, 0.20~1.49ngI-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. Emission levels of dioxins from the flue gas were in the order of incinerator > gasification-incineration furnace > gasifier, whilst in an opposite order from the slag. Dioxins produced in gasifier mainly existed in the slag. However, for incinerator and gasification-incineration furnace, the formed dioxins were mainly distributed both in the slag and flue gas. The mass content distribution characteristics of dioxin congeners in the slag and flue gas from all the three types of furnaces were quite different, whilst the I-TEQ distribution characteristics were similar with the 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF being the highest among all the dioxin congeners. The emission content of Pb in flue gas from the three types of furnaces was the highest. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in all flue gas sample, were far lower than the emission limit values of the Standard for Pollution Control of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (GB 18485-2014) except for Cd from one of the incinerators. The toxic leaching concentrations of heavy metals in slag from the three types of furnaces were also lower than the standard limits for hazardous waste identification (GB 5085.3-2007).
Guan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, et al. Rural domestic waste management in Zhejiang Province, China:Characteristics, current practices, and an improved strategy[J]. J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 2015,65(6):721-731.
[2]
Han Z, Liu D, Lei Y, et al. Characteristics and management of domestic waste in the rural area of Southwest China[J]. Waste Management & Research, 2015,33(1):39-47.
Nzihou A, Themelis N J, Kemiha M, et al. Dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in France[J]. Waste Management, 2012,32(12):2273-2277.
[7]
Chen C. The emission inventory of PCDD/PCDF in Taiwan[J]. Chemosphere, 2004,54(10):1413-1420.
[8]
Choi K, Lee S, Lee D. Emissions of PCDDs/DFs and dioxin-like PCBs from small waste incinerators in Korea[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008,42(5):940-948.
[9]
Mckay G. Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration:review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2002,86(3):343-368.
[10]
Zhang Y, Zhang D, Gao J, et al. New understanding of the formation of PCDD/Fs from chlorophenol precursors:a mechanistic and kinetic study[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2014,118(2):449-456.
[11]
Xu X U, Yan J H, Cen K F. Formation mechanism of dioxins in MSW incineration[J]. Energy Engineering, 2004,24(4):42-45.
[12]
Altarawneh M, Dlugogorski B Z, Kennedy E M, et al. Mechanisms for formation, chlorination, dechlorination and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)[J]. Progress in Energy & Combustion Science, 2009,35(3):245-274.
Zhang G, Hai J, Cheng J. Characterization and mass balance of dioxin from a large-scale municipal solid waste incinerator in China[J]. Waste management, 2012,32(6):1156-1162.
Du Y, Jin Y, Lu S, et al. Study of PCDD/Fs distribution in fly ash, ash deposits, and bottom ash from a medical waste incinerator in China[J]. J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 2013,63(2):230-236.
[18]
Hui Z, Meng A, Long Y, et al. A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration[J]. Waste Management, 2014,36(3):106-118.
[19]
Weber R, Hagenmaier H. Mechanism of the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from chlorophenols in gas phase reactions[J]. Chemosphere, 1999, 38(3):529-549.
[20]
Solorzano-Ochoa G, Rosa D A D L, Maiz-Larralde P, et al. Open burning of household waste:Effect of experimental condition on combustion quality and emission of PCDD, PCDF and PCB[J]. Chemosphere, 2012,87(9):1003-1008.
[21]
Gullett B K, Lemieux P M, Lutes C C, et al. Emissions of PCDD/F from uncontrolled, domestic waste burning[J]. Chemosphere, 2001,43(4-7):721-725.
[22]
Lothgren C, Bavel B V. Dioxin emissions after installation of a polishing wet scrubber in a hazardous waste incineration facility[J]. Chemosphere, 2005,61(3):405-412.
[23]
Lundin L, Gullett B, Jr. Carroll W F, et al. The effect of developing nations' municipal waste composition on PCDD/PCDF emissions from open burning[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013:433-441.
[24]
Xiao L, Kang H, Hoon L D. Emissions of Air Pollutants and PCDDs/DFs from Small Size Waste Incinerators[J]. Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management, 2004,21(3):181-190.
[25]
Stieglitz L, Vogg H. On formation conditions of PCDD/PCDF in fly ash from municipal waste incinerators[J]. Chemosphere, 1987,16(8):1917-1922.
[26]
GB18485-2014生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准[S].
[27]
Raclavská H, Corsaro A, Juchelková D, et al. Effect of temperature on the enrichment and volatility of 18elements during pyrolysis of biomass, coal, and tires[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2015,131(5):330-337.
[28]
Dong J, Chi Y, Tang Y, et al. Partitioning of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Pyrolysis, Gasification, and Incineration[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2015,29(11):7516-7525.
[29]
Long J, Song H, Jun X, et al. Release characteristics of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species during biomass pyrolysis and steam gasification process[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 116(71):278-284.
[30]
Nzihou A, Stanmore B. The fate of heavy metals during combustion and gasification of contaminated biomass-A brief review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013,256(15):56-66.
[31]
GB5085.3-2007危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别[S].
[32]
Yu J, Sun L, Xiang J, et al. Kinetic vaporization of heavy metals during fluidized bed thermal treatment of municipal solid waste[J]. Waste Management, 2013,33(2):340-346.
