Soil physicochemical characteristics and microbial evolution during vegetation restoration in ionic rare earth ore heap leaching waste land
LI Qi-yan1, WENG Bing-lin1, LI Zong-xun1, ZhAO Ya-man1, CHEN Shun-yu1, HOU Xiao-long1,2,3, CAI Li-ping1,2,3
1. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
2. Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Soil and Water Conservation in Red Soil Region of South China, Fuzhou 350002, China;
3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in the Red Soil Region on Both Sides of the Taiwan Straits, Fuzhou 350002, China
In order to mitigate of the sever soil erosion and degradation in ecological environment in the rare earth mining area, a vegetation restoration project in the abandoned land of rare earth mining area in Changting, Fujian was implemented several years ago. Physical and chemical properties and microorganisms' composition of soil in the heap leaching of abandoned land of rare earth mining, Changting after different years of vegetation restoration were analyzed. The results showed that physical and chemical properties of soil after three and four years of vegetation restoration were significantly higher than those in the untreated abandoned land (without restoration) but lower than the unmined area (P<0.05). After 4years of vegetation restoration, the physical and chemical properties of soil in the abandoned land of rare earth mining area, Changting showed a downward trend, but still significantly higher than that of untreated abandoned land (P<0.05). Differences were identified in the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria of abandoned land of rare earth mining between different years of vegetation restoration. The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria decreased with the years of vegetation restoration,. However, the relative abundance of some special bacterial groups such as Gamma proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria significantly increased in the stands of different years of vegetation restoration. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, a type of bacteria of nitrogen fixing, decreased along with the process of vegetation recovery. Euryarchaeota only existed in the unmined land, and Acidobacteria increased with the increase of years of vegetation restoration. The dominant flora in soil, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Methanobacterium and Ralstonia, were positively correlated with soil pH, total phosphorus, total potassium and available phosphorus. The diversity and relative abundance of bacterial flora such as Euryarchaeota and Firmicutes were significantly affected by the physical and chemical properties of soil. In conclusion, the artificial prevention and control measures should be taken after 3-4 years of vegetation restoration in the heap leaching land of ion-type rare earth mining area to mitigate the degradation.
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