呼伦贝尔沙区土壤细菌群落结构与功能预测

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摘要以呼伦贝尔沙区裸沙地、草地、沙地樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）人工林和沙地樟子松天然林四种生境土壤为研究对象，采用野外调查、16S rRNA基因高通量测序和PICRUSt功能预测相结合的研究方法比较分析不同生境土壤细菌群落结构和潜在功能组成特征.结果显示：呼伦贝尔沙区沙地樟子松天然林土壤细菌多样性最高，人工林土壤细菌多样性最低，Shannon指数分别为（8.623±0.193）和（7.432±0.028），不同生境土壤细菌alpha和beta多样性存在显著差异.草地、沙地樟子松人工林和天然林土壤中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度最高，均值分别为29.83%±1.14%、34.73%±1.99%、31.95%±0.21%，裸沙地土壤放线菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度最高，均值为26.13%±0.43%.不同生境土壤细菌主要优势属为慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、RB41，其相对丰度在四种生境中的均值分别为5.29%±2.24%、4.22%±1.23%.PICRUSt功能预测共得到6个一级功能层，40个二级功能层，土壤细菌功能较为丰富，土壤细菌群落在环境信息处理、代谢、遗传信息处理和有机系统方面功能活跃.沙地樟子松天然林核苷酸代谢、酶家族、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢功能基因较为丰富，保证了沙地樟子松天然林土壤细菌的存活，使其具有较高的多样性.呼伦贝尔沙区不同生境土壤细菌功能基因丰度波动，反映了四种生境的土壤细菌群落组成及多样性的变化，指示了不同生境功能基因对土壤细菌群落的影响规律，可为预测和理解沙区土壤细菌代谢潜力和功能提供参考借鉴.

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关键词 ：呼伦贝尔沙区, 生境, 细菌群落结构, 16S rRNA, 功能预测

Abstract：Soil samples were collected from four habitats in the Hulun Buir sandy area including bare sandland, grassland, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation and P. sylvestris natural forest. Subsequently, 16S rRNA genes high-throughput sequencing and PICRUSt-based functional prediction were performed to detect soil bacterial community structure and potential functional component. The results indicated that in the Hulun Buir sandy area, the natural forest and plantation had the highest and lowest soil bacterial Shannon Index (8.623±0.193 and 7.432±0.028), respectively. There were significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of soil bacteria in different habitats. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in the grassland (29.83%±1.14%), P. sylvestris plantation (34.73%±1.99%) and natural forest (31.95%±0.21%). The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was the highest in the bare sand (26.13%±0.43%). The dominant soil bacteria genera with highest relative abundance were Bradyrhizobium, RB41 with the mean values of 5.29%±2.24% and 4.22%±1.23%, respectively. Soil bacterial functions were classified into 6 and 40 functional categories at hierarchy level 1and 2,which implied the abundant soil bacteria functions. Soil bacteria was active in environmental information processing, metabolism, genetic information processing and organic systems. Further, the functional genes of soil bacterial from the natural forest was abundant in nucleotide metabolism, enzyme family, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, which ensured soil bacteria survival with higher diversity. Conclusively, the functional genes fluctuation of soil bacteria associated with different habitats in the Hulun Buir sandy area reflected the changes of soil bacterial community structure and diversity, and indicated the effects of functional genes on soil bacterial community. Our study will provide a firm basis for better prediction and understanding of soil bacteirial metabolic potential and functions in sandy area.

Key words： Hulun Buir sandy area habitat community structure 16S rRNA functional prediction

收稿日期: 2019-04-25

PACS:

X172

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0507101）；国家自然科学基金项目（31600583）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2017PT03，2015ZCQ-SB-02）

通讯作者: 高广磊,副教授,gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 杜宇佳(1996-),女,山西忻州人,北京林业大学硕士研究生,主要从事荒漠生态学研究.

引用本文:

杜宇佳, 高广磊, 陈丽华, 丁国栋, 张英, 曹红雨. 呼伦贝尔沙区土壤细菌群落结构与功能预测[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(11): 4840-4848. DU Yu-jia, GAO Guang-lei, CHEN Li-hua, DING Guo-dong, ZHANG Ying, CAO Hong-yu. Soil bacteria community structure and function prediction in the Hulun Buir Sandy Area. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(11): 4840-4848.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2019/V39/I11/4840

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