广州不同站点类型PM<sub>2.5</sub>与O<sub>3</sub>污染特征及相互作用

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摘要基于2015~2019年广州4个不同国控站点类型的大气污染物监测数据，研究了广州各站点类型颗粒物（PM_2.5）和臭氧（O₃）的污染特征，并分析了O₃污染季节和PM_2.5污染季节PM_2.5和O₃的相关性及相互作用.结果表明：2015~2019年广州各站点类型PM_2.5浓度总体呈下降趋势，O₃浓度呈上升趋势.不同污染季节PM_2.5与O₃浓度均呈正相关.O₃污染季节二次PM_2.5的生成对颗粒物的影响显著大于一次PM_2.5，随着光化学水平的升高，一次PM_2.5的贡献浓度基本不变（均在21.03~31.37μg/m³范围内），贡献率逐渐下降；而二次PM_2.5的贡献浓度逐渐升高（3.51~7.72 μg/m³升高到16.04~18.45μg/m³），贡献率也逐渐升高（11%~27%升高到34%~44%），且呈倍数增加.不同站点类型贡献差异明显，背景站点二次PM_2.5的贡献最大，城区站点在中和高光化学水平下二次PM_2.5的贡献最小；PM_2.5污染季节各站点类型在不同PM_2.5污染水平下O₃浓度均具有差异性，总体上均呈现背景站点>郊区站点>城区站点的特点.气溶胶的消光作用和非均相反应均显著促进O₃生成，随着PM_2.5浓度升高，各站点类型的O₃浓度峰值逐渐升高，由62.12~83.82μg/m³升高到92.49~135.4μg/m³；O₃变化率峰值也逐渐升高，由8.42~10.02μg/（m³·h）升高到21.33~27.04μg/（m³·h）.进一步促进了广州PM_2.5和O₃浓度的协同增长.

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关键词 ： PM_2.5, O₃, 污染季节, 相互作用, 不同站点类型

Abstract：Based on the air pollutant monitoring data of 4 different types of national-controlled stations from 2015 to 2019 in Guangzhou, the pollution characteristics of particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) pollution at each type of station were studied, and the correlation and interaction between PM_2.5 and O₃ in O₃ pollution season and PM_2.5 pollution season were further analyzed. The results are as follows:the concentration of PM_2.5 at each type of station in Guangzhou generally showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2019, while the O₃ concentration showed an upward trend. There is a positive correlation between PM_2.5 and O₃ concentration in different pollution seasons. In O₃ pollution season, the generation of secondary PM_2.5 had a more significant impact on particulate matter than the primary PM_2.5. With the increase of photochemical level, the contribution concentration of primary PM_2.5 basically remained unchanged (all in the range of 21.03~31.37μg/m³), while the contribution rate gradually decreased; However, the contribution concentration of secondary PM_2.5 increased in multiple (from 3.51~7.72μg/m³ to 16.04~18.45μg/m³) as well as the contribution rate (from 11%~27% to 34%~44%). Moreover, the contribution of secondary PM_2.5 at different types of stations were significantly different, the contribution of secondary PM_2.5 was the largest at the background station, while the contribution of secondary PM_2.5 was the smallest at the urban station at the medium and the high photochemical level. In PM_2.5 pollution season, the O₃ concentration at each type of station under different PM_2.5 pollution levels was different. Generally, it showed the characteristics of background station > suburban station > urban station. The extinction effect and heterogeneous reaction of aerosol significantly promoted the generation of O₃. With the increase of PM_2.5 concentration, the peak of O₃ concentration at each type of station gradually increased from 62.12~83.82μg/m³ to 92.49~135.4μg/m³, and the peak value of O₃ change rate also increased from 8.42~10.02μg/(m³·h) to 21.33~27.04μg/(m³·h), which further promoted the coordinated growth of PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations in Guangzhou.

Key words： PM_2.5 O₃ pollution seasons interaction mechanism different types of stations

收稿日期: 2021-02-09

PACS:

X513

基金资助:国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0212801，2017YFC0212805）

通讯作者: 范丽雅,副研究员,fanly@scut.edu.cn E-mail: fanly@scut.edu.cn

作者简介: 姚懿娟(1996-),女,湖南怀化人,华南理工大学硕士研究生,主要从事大气环境与污染控制方面研究.发表论文3篇.

引用本文:

姚懿娟, 王美圆, 曾春玲, 范丽雅, 叶代启. 广州不同站点类型PM_2.5与O₃污染特征及相互作用[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(10): 4495-4506. YAO Yi-juan, WANG Mei-yuan, ZENG Chun-lin, FAN Li-ya, YE Dai-qi. Pollution characteristics and interaction between PM_2.5 and O₃ at different types of stations in Guangzhou. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(10): 4495-4506.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I10/4495

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