冷凝水回流对堆肥腐熟度和污染气体排放影响

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (613 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要为探究堆肥过程中高温水蒸气携带的冷凝水回流对腐熟度及温室气体排放的影响,本文以猪粪和厨余垃圾为堆肥原料,在60L密闭好氧堆肥反应器中进行48d的高温好氧堆肥实验.结果表明,堆肥高温期产生的饱和水蒸汽因发酵罐封闭体系不能及时排出,会在发酵罐壁形成冷凝水回流入堆体中,整个堆肥过程冷凝水产率为物料湿重的18%.此外,回流冷凝水中主要成分为NH₄⁺-N(11.40g/L)、溶解性有机碳(6.3g/L)以及无机盐离子,具有较高的EC值(41.05mS/cm)和pH值(9.22),而较高的NH₄⁺-N含量使冷凝水回流处理的堆肥产品种子发芽指数(GI)略达到腐熟(71.4%),与排出处理相比GI下降了25.5%.同时,冷凝水回流使NH₃和CH₄排放量分别增加了55.2%的60.2%,但是CO₂和N₂O排放量分别降低了16.8%的34.8%.研究表明,冷凝水回流可降低17.8%总温室效应.本文建议堆肥过程将高温水蒸气冷凝排出,一方面可提高堆肥腐熟度,降低产品含水率,另一方面可以减少NH₃排放;进一步地若能将冷凝水进行收集,可对其中的氮素进行回收再利用.本文为封闭式好氧堆肥工艺水分去除和腐熟度调控提供理论依据和数据支撑.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	王佳妮
	马若男
	唐若兰
	李丽琼
	彭丽娟
	李国学
	林嘉聪
	王定美
	李勤奋
	袁京

关键词 ：堆肥, 冷凝水回流, 腐熟度, 氮素损失, 温室气体

Abstract：In order to investigate the influence of condensed water reflux on maturity and greenhouse gas emissions during composting, the trial was conducted with pig manure and kitchen waste in a 60L reactor for 48 days. The results showed that the saturated steam produced during thermophilic composting could not be emitted due to the closed system of reactor and transformed into condensed water, accounting for 18% of the wet weight of raw metarials. In addition, the main components of the condensed water were ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N, 11.4g/L), dissolved total organic carbon (TOC, 6.3g/L) and inorganic salt ions, resulting a higher EC (41.05mS/cm) and pH (9.22). However, due to its higher NH₄⁺-N concentration of the condensed water, the seed germination index (GI) in the condensed water reflux treatment had a lower maturity (71.4%), which decreased by 25.47% comparing with non-reflux. Furthermore, condensate reflux increased NH₃ and CH₄ emissions by 55.17% and 60.24%, but CO₂ and N₂O emissions decreased by 16.77% and 34.76%, respectively. Overall, condensate reflux reduced the total greenhouse gas emission by 17.8%. On the whole, we suggested the saturated steam should be condensed and discharged during composting, which could improve maturity and reduce moisture content of final compost, and decreasing the NH₃ emissions. Further, if the condensed water can be collected, the nitrogen element will be recycled and reused. This paper provids theoretical basis and data support for the water removal and maturity in closed aerobic composting system.

Key words： composting condensate reflux maturity nitrogen loss greenhouse gas

收稿日期: 2022-06-07

PACS:

X705

基金资助:海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021009)

通讯作者: 袁京,副教授,jingyuan@cau.edu.cn E-mail: jingyuan@cau.edu.cn

作者简介: 王佳妮(1998-),女,山西长治人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为固体废弃物处理与资源化.

引用本文:

王佳妮, 马若男, 唐若兰, 李丽琼, 彭丽娟, 李国学, 林嘉聪, 王定美, 李勤奋, 袁京. 冷凝水回流对堆肥腐熟度和污染气体排放影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(1): 234-243. WANG Jia-ni, MA Ruo-nan, TANG Ruo-lan, LI Li-qiong, PENG Li-juan, LI Guo-xue, LIN Jia-cong, WANG Ding-mei, LI Qin-fen, YUAN Jing. Effect of condensed water reflux on maturity and greenhouse gas emissions during composting. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(1): 234-243.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I1/234

[1]	蔡旺炜,陈俐慧,王为木,等.我国城市厨余垃圾好氧堆肥研究综述[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2014,(6):8-13. Cai W W, Chen L H, Wang W M, et al. Chinese urban kitchen waste aerobic compost research:A review[J]. Soil and Fertilizer in China, 2014,(6):8-13.
[2]	李丹,陈冠益,马文超,等.中国村镇生活垃圾特性及处理现状[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(11):4187-4197. Li D, Chen G Y, Ma W C, et al. Characteristics and treatment status of Household garbage in villages and towns of China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(11):4187-4197.
[3]	廉凤丽.畜禽粪便好氧堆肥处理技术研究[J]. 畜禽业, 2022, 33(2):36-37. Lian F L. Research on aerobic composting technology of animal manure[J]. Animal and Poultry Industry, 2022,33(2):36-37.
[4]	Yuan J, Li Y, Wang G, et al. Biodrying performance and combustion characteristics related to bulking agent amendments during kitchen waste biodrying[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,284:56-64.
[5]	Yuan J, Zhang D, Ma R, et al. Effects of inoculation amount and application method on the biodrying performance of municipal solid waste and the odor emissions produced[J]. Waste Management, 2019, 93:91-99.
[6]	袁京,张地方,李赟,等.外加碳源对厨余垃圾生物干化效果的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(2):628-635. Yuan J, Zhang D F, Li Y, et al. Effects of additional carbon sources on biological drying effect of kitchen waste[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(2):628-635.
[7]	王永江,黄光群,韩鲁佳.猪粪麦秸反应器好氧堆肥水分平衡模型研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2012,43(6):102-106. Wang Y J, Huang G Q, Han L J. Study on water balance model of aerobic compost in pig manure straw reactor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2012,43(6):102-106.
[8]	Kwon S, Lee D. Evaluation of Korean food waste composting with fed-batch operations II:using properties of exhaust gas condensate[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2004,39(9):1047-1055.
[9]	杨佳,李国学,马若男,等.腐熟堆肥回流对猪粪堆肥含硫臭气排放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2021,40(11):2456-2464. Yang J, Li G X, Ma R N, et al. Effects of reflux from decomposed compost on sulfur-containing odor emission from pig manure compost[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2021,40(11):2456-2464.
[10]	杨燕,尹子铭,袁京,等.双氰胺和氢醌添加对堆肥温室气体排放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2021,40(11):2439-2447. Yang Y, Yin Z M, Yuan J, et al. Effects of dicyandiamide and hydroquinone on greenhouse gas emissions from compost[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2021,40(11):2439-2447.
[11]	常志州, A H M Veeken.温度对堆肥孔隙比渗透性以及可压缩性的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2004,(4):791-795. Chang Z Z, A. H. M. Veeken. Effect of temperature on pore ratio permeability and compressibility of compost[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2004,(4):791-795.
[12]	GB 18596-2001畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准[S]. GB 18596-2001 Discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding[S].
[13]	Li J, Xing W, Bao H, et al. Impact of pine leaf biochar amendment on bacterial dynamics and correlation of environmental factors during pig manure composting[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,293:122031.
[14]	Zhang B, Fan F, Guo C, et al. Evaluation of Maturity and Odor Emissions in the Process of Combined Composting of Kitchen Waste and Garden Waste[J]. Applied Sciences, 2021,11(12):5500.
[15]	Cui H, Ou Y, Wang L, et al. Tetracycline hydrochloride-stressed succession in microbial communities during aerobic composting:Insights into bacterial and fungal structures[J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 289:133159.
[16]	Garcia C C D E, Hernandez T, Costa F. Study on water extract of sewage sludge composts[J]. Soil science and plant nutrition (Tokyo), 1991,37(3):399-408.
[17]	Li H, Zhang T, Tsang D C W, et al. Effects of external additives:Biochar, bentonite, phosphate, on co-composting for swine manure and corn straw[J]. Chemosphere, 2020,248:125927.
[18]	Guo R, Li G, Jiang T, et al. Effect of aeration rate, C/N ratio and moisture content on the stability and maturity of compost[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012,112:171-178.
[19]	马若男,李丹阳,亓传仁,等.碳氮比对鸡粪堆肥腐熟度和臭气排放的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020,36(24):194-202. Ma R N, Li D Y, Qi C R, et al. Effects of C/N ratio on maturation and odor emission of chicken manure compost[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020,36(24):194-202.
[20]	Awasthi M K, Wang Q, Awasthi S K, et al. Feasibility of medical stone amendment for sewage sludge co-composting and production of nutrient-rich compost[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018,216:49-61.
[21]	Li S, Li J, Yuan J, et al. The influences of inoculants from municipal sludge and solid waste on compost stability, maturity and enzyme activities during chicken manure composting[J]. Environmental Technology, 2017,38(13/14):1770-1778.
[22]	Li D Y, Yuan J, Ding J T, et al. Effects of carbonnitrogen ratio and aeration rate on the sheep manure[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2022.
[23]	NY/T 525-2021有机肥料[S]. NY/T 525-2021 Organic fertilizer[S].
[24]	Li M X, He X S, Tang J, et al. Influence of moisture content on chicken manure stabilization during microbial agent-enhanced composting[J]. Chemosphere, 2021,264(Pt 2):128549.
[25]	Yang F, Li Y, Han Y, et al. Performance of mature compost to control gaseous emissions in kitchen waste composting[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,657:262-269.
[26]	薛晶晶,李彦明,常瑞雪,等.厨余与园林废物共堆肥过程氮素转化及损失[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021,37(10):192-197. Xue J J, Li Y M, Chang R X, et al. Nitrogen conversion and loss during co-composting of kitchen waste and garden waste[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021,37(10):192-197.
[27]	朱丽平,许修宏,张文浩,等.牛粪堆肥中反硝化细菌与理化参数的关系[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016,35(9):1781-1787. Zhu Li P, Xu X H, Zhang W H, et al. Relationship between denitrifying bacteria and physicochemical parameters in cow manure compost[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016,35(9):1781- 1787.
[28]	吴娟,何胜洲,李国学,等.添加过磷酸钙的猪粪堆肥污染气体减排工艺优化[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017,48(5):304-312. Wu J, He S Z, Li G X, et al. Optimization of pollution reduction process of pig manure compost with calcium superphosphate[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2017,48(5):304-312.
[29]	Kampschreur M J, Temmink H, Kleerebezem R, et al. Nitrous oxide emission during waste water treatment[J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(17):4093-4103.
[30]	Liu T, Kumar Awasthi M, Verma S, et al. Evaluation of cornstalk as bulking agent on greenhouse gases emission and bacterial community during further composting[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021,340:125713.
[31]	Yang Y J, Awasthi M K, Du W, et al. Compost supplementation with nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions during pig manure composting[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,297:122345.
[32]	Xue S, Zhou L, Zhong M, et al. Bacterial agents affected bacterial community structure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions during sewage sludge composting[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021,337:125397.
[33]	Gao X, Xu Z, Li Y, et al. Bacterial dynamics for gaseous emission and humification in bio-augmented composting of kitchen waste[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2021,801:149640.
[34]	Impraim R, Weatherley A, Coates T, et al. Lignite Improved the Quality of Composted Manure and Mitigated Emissions of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases during Forced Aeration Composting[J]. Sustainability, 2020,12(24):10528.
[35]	Wang G, Yang Y, Kong Y, et al. Key factors affecting seed germination in phytotoxicity tests during sheep manure composting with carbon additives[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,421:126809.
[36]	Xu Z, Li G, Huda N, et al. Effects of moisture and carbon/nitrogen ratio on gaseous emissions and maturity during direct composting of cornstalks used for filtration of anaerobically digested manure centrate[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,298:122503.
[37]	谷思玉,蔡海森,闫立龙,等.鸡粪与稻壳好氧堆肥的不同C/N研究[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2015,46(4):51-58. Gu S Y, Cai H S, Yan L L, et al. Study on different C/N of aerobic composting of chicken manure and rice husk[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2015,46(4):51-58.
[38]	闫召伟,杨菲宇,高兴祖,等.含硫添加剂对猪粪堆肥过程甲烷与臭气排放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2021,40(11):2448-2455. Yan Z W, Yang F Y, Gao X Z, et al. Effects of sulfur-containing additives on methane and odor emission in pig manure composting process[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2021,40(11):2448- 2455.
[39]	罗一鸣,李国学,Frank Schuchardt,等.过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012,28(22):235-242. Luo Y M, Li G X, Frank S, et al. Effects of superphosphate additive on greenhouse gas and ammonia emission reduction in pig manure compost[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012,28(22):235-242.