以“绿”待劳:环境规制与重污染企业就业——基于生产全过程绿色技术创新的视角

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摘要基于生产全过程绿色技术创新的视角，对局部均衡模型进行了改进，并利用2008~2020年中国A股重污染行业上市公司数据，实证考察了环境规制对就业的影响与作用机制.结果发现：环境规制的提升显著降低了企业就业水平，这一结果在进行一系列稳健性检验以及控制内生性问题后，依然成立；通过机制分析发现，环境规制可以“倒逼”绿色技术创新，通过以“绿”待劳的方式缓解环保与就业之间的矛盾；在异质性分析中发现，环境规制对企业就业的不利影响主要作用于非国有企业、低学历人群以及中部地区企业；进一步研究发现，企业积极进行工艺改进会削弱环境规制对企业就业的不利影响，企业增加研发投入会加剧环境规制对企业就业的不利影响，末端治理创新并未对环境规制的就业效应产生显著影响.

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关键词 ：环境规制, 就业, 绿色技术创新, 重污染行业

Abstract：Based on the data of listed companies in China's A-share heavily polluting industries from 2008 to 2020, this paper empirically examined the impact and mechanism of environmental regulation on employment. The research found that environmental regulation adversely impacted the employment of enterprises, and this result was valid after a series of robustness tests and control of endogenous problems. However, the mechanism analysis revealed that environmental regulation could carry out green technological innovation which alleviated the contradiction between environmental protection and employment. In the heterogeneity analysis, it was found that the adverse impact of environmental regulation on enterprise employment mainly affects non-state-owned enterprises, low-educated people and enterprises in the central region. Furthermore, the research found that the changes in the production process weakened the adverse impact of environmental regulation on enterprise employment. On the contrary, the increase of R&D investment aggravated this negative impact which is not significantly affected by end-of-pipe innovation.

Key words： environmental regulation employment green technology innovation heavy polluting industries

收稿日期: 2022-07-28

PACS:

X32

基金资助:教育部人文社科青年基金项目（16YJC790083）；上海市哲学社会科学规划项目（2020BGL012）；上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目（CXJJ-2022-419）；上海理工大学人文社科培育项目（20SKPY05）

通讯作者: 葛力铭,博士,geliming@163.sufe.edu.cn E-mail: geliming@163.sufe.edu.cn

作者简介: 秦炳涛(1976-),男,河北省沧州人,博士后,主要从事能源经济与环境可持续发展方面研究.发表论文40余篇.

引用本文:

秦炳涛, 杨坤, 葛力铭. 以“绿”待劳:环境规制与重污染企业就业——基于生产全过程绿色技术创新的视角[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(3): 1449-1459. QIN Bing-tao, YANG Kun, GE Li-ming. Green for labor: Environmental regulation and employment of heavy polluting enterprises——Based on the green technology innovation in the whole production process. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(3): 1449-1459.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I3/1449

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