Abstract:Improving carbon emission efficiency is the key to achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction. Based on the panel data of 114 resource-based cities from 2006 to 2020 in China, this paper estimated the carbon emission efficiencies using the super-efficiency SBM with unexpected output model, and then examined the influential effect, internal mechanism and heterogeneous characteristics of economic growth goals on carbon emission efficiency. The results indicated that:As a whole the carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities showed a fluctuating upward trend during the study period, but there was significant heterogeneity between cities in different regions and different growth stages. The improvement of the economic growth target significantly reduced the carbon emission efficiency, and this conclusion passed a series of robustness tests such as overcoming the endogeneity. The internal mechanisms were inhibiting technological innovation and strengthening resource dependence. Any degree of addition in economic growth target would inhibit the carbon emission efficiency. The reduction effect of economic growth goals on carbon emission efficiency existed only in the central, western, mature and declining resource-based cities, as well as in the samples before 2013 or 2015. Meanwhile, the negative impact became more apparent as the overcompletion level increased.
秦炳涛,余润颖,葛力铭.环境规制对资源型城市产业结构转型的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2021,41(7):3427-3440. Qin B T, Yu R Y, Ge L M. The impact of environmental regulations on the industrial structure transformation of resource-based cities[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(7):3427-3440.
[2]
徐现祥,李书娟,王贤彬,等.中国经济增长目标的选择:以高质量发展终结"崩溃论"[J].世界经济, 2018,41(10):3-25. Xu X X, Li S J, Wang X B, et al. The choice of China's economic growth goals:ending the"collapse theory" with high-quality development[J]. World Economy, 2018,41(10):3-25.
[3]
余泳泽,刘大勇,龚宇.过犹不及事缓则圆:地方经济增长目标约束与全要素生产率[J].管理世界, 2019,35(7):26-42,202. Yu Y Z, Liu D Y, Gong Y. If too much is too late, it will be better if too little is too late:constraints on local economic growth goals and total factor productivity[J]. Management World, 2019,35(7):26-42,202.
[4]
余泳泽,张少辉,杜运苏.地方经济增长目标约束与制造业出口技术复杂度[J].世界经济, 2019,42(10):120-142. Yu Y Z, Zhang S H, Du Y S. Local economic growth goal constraint and manufacturing export technology complexity[J]. World Economy, 2019,42(10):120-142.
[5]
杨贤宏,宁致远,向海凌,等.地方经济增长目标与企业数字化转型:基于上市企业年报文本识别的实证研究[J].中国软科学, 2021,(11):172-184. Yang X H, Ning Z Y, Xiang H L, et al. Local economic growth goals and digital transformation of enterprises:An empirical study based on text identification of annual reports of listed enterprises[J]. China Soft Science, 2021,(11):172-184.
[6]
Shen F, Liu B, Luo F, et al. The effect of economic growth target constraints on green technology innovation[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021,292:112765.
[7]
毛奕欢,林雁,谭洪涛.经济增长目标、官员压力与企业绿色创新[J].中南财经政法大学学报, 2022,252(3):113-125. Mao Y H, Lin Y, Tan H T. Economic growth goals, official pressure, and green innovation in enterprises[J]. Journal of Central South University of Economics and Law, 2022,252(3):113-125.
[8]
郭晓辉.经济增长目标、地方政府行为与环境效应的关系[J].城市问题, 2020,302(9):60-70. Guo X H. The relationship between economic growth goals, local government behavior and environmental effects[J]. Urban Issues, 2020,302(9):60-70.
[9]
周瑞辉,杨新梅.经济增长目标压力与城市绿色发展[J].城市问题, 2021,306(1):63-72. Zhou R H, Yang X M. Economic growth target pressure and urban green development[J]. Urban Issues, 2021,306(1):63-72.
[10]
张明斗,席胜杰.资源型城市碳排放效率评价及其政策启示[J].自然资源学报, 2023,38(1):220-237. Zhang M D, Xi S J. Evaluation of carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities and its policy implications[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2023,38(1):220-237.
[11]
徐英启,程钰,王晶晶.中国资源型城市碳排放效率时空演变与绿色技术创新影响[J].地理研究, 2023,42(3):878-894. Xu Y Q, Cheng Y, Wang J J. The spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emission efficiency in resource-based cities in China and the impact of green technology innovation[J]. Geographic Research, 2023,42(3):878-894.
[12]
Li B, Liu J, Liu Q, et al. The effects of broadband infrastructure on carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities in China:A Quasi-Natural Experiment from the"Broadband China"Pilot Policy[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022,19(11):6734.
[13]
Xu Y, Cheng Y, Zheng R, et al. Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency in the Yellow River Basin of China:Comparative analysis of resource and non-resource-based cities[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022,19(18):11625.
[14]
张慧,乔忠奎,许可,等.资源型城市碳排放效率动态时空差异及影响机制--以中部6省地级资源型城市为例[J].工业技术经济, 2018,37(12):86-93. Zhang H, Qiao Z K, Xu K, et al. The dynamic space-time difference and impact mechanism of carbon emission efficiency in resource-based cities--taking the resource-based cities of six provinces and prefectures in central China as an example[J]. Industrial Technology and Economics, 2018,37(12):86-93.
[15]
余泳泽,潘妍.中国经济高速增长与服务业结构升级滞后并存之谜:基于地方经济增长目标约束视角的解释[J].经济研究, 2019, 54(3):150-165. Yu Y Z, Pan Y. The mystery of the coexistence of China's high economic growth and the lagging upgrading of the service industry structure:An interpretation based on the constraint of local economic growth goals[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2019,54(3):150-165.
[16]
Lin B, Zhou Y. Does economic growth target set by local governments drive energy consumption in China?[J]. Available at SSRN 3983930.
[17]
Zhong Q, Wen H, Lee C C. How does economic growth target affect corporate environmental investment?Evidence from heavy-polluting industries in China[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2022,95:106799.
[18]
王凡凡.经济增长目标对地方环境治理效率的影响--基于我国地级以上城市面板数据的实证分析[J].城市问题, 2022,326(9):76-86. Wang F F. The impact of economic growth goals on the efficiency of local environmental governance-an empirical analysis based on the panel data of cities above the prefecture level in China[J]. Urban Issues, 2022,326(9):76-86.
[19]
Li F, Wang Z, Huang L. Economic growth target and environmental regulation intensity:Evidence from 284 cities in China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022,29(7):10235-10249.
[20]
Li E, An Z, Zhang C, et al. Impact of economic growth target constraints on enterprise technological innovation:Evidence from China[J]. Plos one, 2022,17(8):e0272003.
[21]
王贤彬,刘淑琳,黄亮雄.经济增长压力与地区创新:来自经济增长目标设定的经验证据[J].经济学(季刊), 2021,21(4):1147-1166. Wang X B, Liu S L, Huang L X. Economic growth pressure and regional innovation:empirical evidence from economic growth target setting[J]. Economics (Quarterly), 2021,21(4):1147-1166.
[22]
郭沛,梁栋.低碳试点政策是否提高了城市碳排放效率--基于低碳试点城市的准自然实验研究[J].自然资源学报, 2022,37(7):1876-1892. Guo P, Liang D. Whether the low-carbon pilot policy has improved the efficiency of urban carbon emissions-a quasi-natural experimental study based on low-carbon pilot cities[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022,37(7):1876-1892.
[23]
郑贺允,葛力铭.资源型城市可持续发展对碳排放的影响研究--基于资源依赖的视角[J].中国环境科学, 2022,42(6):2955-2964. Zheng H Y, Ge L M. Research on the impact of sustainable development of resource-based cities on carbon emissions-based on the perspective of resource dependence[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(6):2955-2964.
[24]
Wang K, Wu M, Sun Y, et al. Resource abundance, industrial structure, and regional carbon emissions efficiency in China[J]. Resources Policy, 2019,60:203-214.
[25]
Fan M, Li M, Liu J, et al. Is high natural resource dependence doomed to low carbon emission efficiency?Evidence from 283 cities in China[J]. Energy Economics, 2022,115:106328.
[26]
邵帅,范美婷,杨莉莉.经济结构调整、绿色技术进步与中国低碳转型发展--基于总体技术前沿和空间溢出效应视角的经验考察[J].管理世界, 2022,38(2):46-69,4-10. Shao S, Fan M T, Yang L L. Economic restructuring, green technology progress and China's low-carbon transformation and development-an empirical study based on the perspective of overall technological frontier and spatial spillover effects[J]. Management World, 2022, 38(2):46-69,4-10.
[27]
Tone K. A Slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001,130(3):498-509.
[28]
徐英启,程钰,王晶晶,等.中国低碳试点城市碳排放效率时空演变与影响因素[J].自然资源学报, 2022,37(5):1261-1276. Xu Y Q, Cheng Y, Wang J J, et al. The space-time evolution and influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency in China's low-carbon pilot cities[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2022,37(5):1261-1276.
[29]
张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952~2000[J].经济研究, 2004,(10):35-44. Zhang J, Wu G Y, Zhang J P. Estimation of China's inter-provincial material capital stock:1952~2000[J]. Economic Research, 2004,(10):35-44.
[30]
吴建新,郭智勇.基于连续性动态分布方法的中国碳排放收敛分析[J].统计研究, 2016,33(1):54-60. Wu J X, Guo Z Y. Convergence analysis of China's carbon emissions based on continuous dynamic distribution method[J]. Statistical Research, 2016,33(1):54-60.
[31]
袁航,朱承亮.国家高新区推动了中国产业结构转型升级吗[J].中国工业经济, 2018,365(8):60-77. Yuan H, Zhu C L. Has the national high-tech zone promoted the transformation and upgrading of China's industrial structure[J]. China Industrial Economy, 2018,365(8):60-77.
[32]
叶琴,曾刚,戴劭勍,等.不同环境规制工具对中国节能减排技术创新的影响--基于285个地级市面板数据[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2018,28(2):115-122. Ye Q, Zeng G, Dai S Q, et al. The impact of different environmental regulation tools on China's energy conservation and emission reduction technology innovation-based on the panel data of 285prefecture-level cities[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018,28(2):115-122.
[33]
邵帅,尹俊雅,范美婷,等.僵尸企业与低碳转型发展:基于碳排放绩效的视角[J].数量经济技术经济研究, 2022,39(10):89-108. Shao S, Yin J Y, Fan M T, et al. Zombie enterprises and low carbon transformation development:A perspective based on carbon emission performance[J]. Quantitative Economic and Technological Economic Research, 2022,39(10):89-108.
[34]
Li X, Liu C, Weng X, et al. Target setting in Tournaments:theory and evidence from China[J]. The Economic Journal, 2019,129(623):2888-2915.
[35]
王展祥,龚广祥,麦愈强.经济增长目标约束与技术创新--基于资源错配的视角[J].当代财经, 2021,442(9):3-15. Wang Z X, Gong G X, Mai Y Q. Economic growth target constraints and technological innovation-based on the perspective of resource mismatch[J]. Contemporary Finance and Economics, 2021,442(9):3-15.
[36]
Zhang H, Feng C, Zhou X. Going carbon-neutral in China:does the low-carbon City pilot policy improve carbon emission efficiency?[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2022,33:312-329.
[37]
江艇.因果推断经验研究中的中介效应与调节效应[J].中国工业经济, 2022,410(5):100-120. Jiang T, Mesomeric effect and moderating effect in empirical research of causal inference[J]. China Industrial Economy, 2022,410(5):100-120.
[38]
刘帅,李琪,徐晓瑜,等.互联网是否缩小了城市创新差距?--基于面板门槛模型的检验[J].软科学, 2022,(5):1-13. Liu S, Li Q, Xu X Y, et al. Has the Internet narrowed the gap in urban innovation--Test based on panel threshold model[J]. Soft Science, 2022,(5):1-13.
[39]
邵帅,尹俊雅,王海,等.资源产业依赖对僵尸企业的诱发效应[J].经济研究, 2021,56(11):138-154. Shao S, Yin J Y, Wang H, et al. The induced effect of resource industry dependence on zombie enterprises[J]. Economic Research, 2021,56(11):138-154.
[40]
邵帅,范美婷,杨莉莉.资源产业依赖如何影响经济发展效率?--有条件资源诅咒假说的检验及解释[J].管理世界, 2013,233(2):32-63. Shao S, Fan M T, Yang L L. How does resource industry dependence affect economic development efficiency--Testing and Explanation of the conditional resource curse hypothesis[J]. Management World, 2013,233(2):32-63.