鄱阳湖南昌湖区典型断面总磷超标成因

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摘要以南矶山国家控制断面及其汇入区域为研究对象,通过水环境因子和沉积物现场调查,分析水体TP超标现象,探究其影响因素.结果表明,研究区域表层水TP超标现象主要发生在枯水期和退水期,超标倍数分别为3.06倍和2.78倍;且TP与溶解性有机物(DOM)、浊度显著相关.三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)区域积分法和平行因子分析(PARAFAC)结果发现,该区域水体DOM为3个组分,其中以富里酸等类腐殖质物质(组分C1和C2、分区III)为主,主要来源为湿地植物枯落物降解,在枯水期占比最高(55.47%).涨水期受汇入支流及周边碟形湖等外源输入影响,类蛋白质物质(组分C3和分区I)占比升高至35%以上;TP与腐殖质类有机物呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与蛋白质类有机物呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表明TP与腐殖质类有机物具有共源性.TP与浊度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),枯水期水体浊度最高(均值为320.83NTU),该时期南矶山断面汇入支流及碟形湖来水均断流;调研发现表层沉积物底质为粉砂质,以细组分为主,中值粒径DX(50)属于细粉砂质(2~16μm);分选系数范围为2.11~2.75,分选性差;沉积物样品多位于底边悬浮和均匀悬浮搬运区,搬运能力弱;沉积水动力弱,再悬浮后颗粒物不易沉积,造成浊度较高.0~5cm表层沉积物TP平均含量较高(527.89mg/Kg),泥-水界面P向上覆水释放,其中断面的P释放通量最大(0.21mg/(m²·d));表层沉积物是断面水体TP浓度的重要影响因素之一.

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	朱利英
	郑利兵
	王亚炜
	张洪
	束礼敏
	桂双林
	夏嵩
	闫冰
	刘吉宝
	胡大洲
	陶茂梁
	高婕
	魏源送

关键词 ：鄱阳湖, 表层水, 溶解性有机物, 沉积物, 粒径参数

Abstract：In this study, the Nanjishan national monitoring site (NJS site) and its confluence area were selected to explore causes of the high TP concentration through the field investigation of the water environmental factors and sediments. Results indicated that the TP exceedance in the surface water mainly occurred in the low lake water level period (LLP) and lake discharges period (LDP), with the exceedance multiples of 3.06 and 2.78 times, respectively; and TP concentration was significantly correlated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and turbidity. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) regional integration method and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) showed that the DOM consisted of three components, which were dominated by humus-like substances such as fulvic acid (partition III, components C1 and C2), and the main source of which was the degradation of wetland plant litter, with the highest proportion (55.74%) in the LLP. The proportion of protein-like substances (partition I and component C3) increased to more than 35% during the RDP due to inputs of the confluence tributaries and the neighboring disc-shaped lake. TP showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) with humic organic matter and a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) with proteic organic matter, indicating that TP and humic organic matter have a common origin. TP and turbidity showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.05), and the highest turbidity was observed in LLP (mean value of 320.83NTU), during which the tributaries and the disc-shaped lake were cut off. The sediment substrate in the study area was chalky, dominated by fine components, and the median grain size DX(50) belonged to fine chalky (2~16μm); the range of sorting coefficients was 2.11~2.75, with poor sorting; the sediment samples were mostly located in the bottom-side suspended and homogeneous suspended transport area, with weak sedimentary hydrodynamics and weak transport capacity; the suspended particulate matter that was not easily deposited, resulting in high turbidity. The average TP content of 0~5cm surface sediment was high (527.89mg/kg), and sediment P was released to the overlying water, with the largest P release flux (0.21mg/(m²·d)) in the NJS site, indicating that surface sediments was one of the important influences on TP concentrations in the site waters.

Key words： Poyang Lake surface water quality dissolved organic matter sediment grain size parameters

收稿日期: 2023-07-26

PACS:

X524

基金资助:长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0505-01);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究一期项目(2019-LHYJ-01-0211-18)

作者简介: 朱利英(1987-),女,河南濮阳人,助理研究员,博士,主要研究领域为流域水生态治理与修复.发表论文10余篇.lyzhu@rcees.ac.cn.

引用本文:

朱利英, 郑利兵, 王亚炜, 张洪, 束礼敏, 桂双林, 夏嵩, 闫冰, 刘吉宝, 胡大洲, 陶茂梁, 高婕, 魏源送. 鄱阳湖南昌湖区典型断面总磷超标成因[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(3): 1436-1447. ZHU Li-ying, ZHENG Li-bing, WANG Ya-wei, ZHANG Hong, SHU Li-min, GUI Shuang-lin, XIA Song, YAN Bing, LIU Ji-bao, HU Da-zhou, TAO Mao-liang, GAO Jie, WEI Yuan-song. Factors of high total phosphorus concentration in the Nanchang typical area of Poyang Lake. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(3): 1436-1447.

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