CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
 
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
　　　　　　　　    More    
Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work
Office Work
Editor-in-chief
Forthcoming Articles
Current Issue
Archive
Advanced Search
Read Articles
Download Articles
Instruction
Template
Copyright Agreement
More   
  Current Issue
 
2021 Vol.41 Issue.6,Published 2021-06-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Environmental Toxicology and Health
Air Pollution Control
2481 Analysis of meteorological causes and transmission characteristics of a heavy haze process in Beijing Tianjin Hebei and Yangtze River Delta
CHEN Hao-yuan, WANG Xiao-qi, CHENG Shui-yuan, GUAN Pan-bo, ZHANG Zhi-da, BAI Wei-chao, TANG Gui-qian
Based on meteorological data and air quality data, the characteristics and causes of a large-scale severe pollution process in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region and Yangtze River Delta region from December 29, 2016 to January 8, 2017 were analyzed. The main meteorological characteristics of the heavy pollution process were pressure field, low boundary layer height and quiet breeze. The end of the heavy pollution process was due to the higher pressure gradient and better horizontal diffusion conditions, Based on the WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting Model and Community Multi-scale Air Quality) scenario analysis method, the effects of regional transmission and local accumulation on the heavy pollution process were evaluated. The analysis showed that in the early stage of heavy pollution controlled by south wind, the Yangtze River Delta region was mainly affected by transmission (15% ~ 20%) from the Yangtze River Delta, and the Yangtze River Delta region was mainly influenced by local contribution; in the accumulation stage, the local contribution of the Yangtze River Delta region decreased significantly, while the contribution from Beijing Tianjin Hebei region increased significantly (20% ~ 30%).The results showed that the peak value of the net transmission fluxes fromYangtze River Delta to Beijing Tianjin Hebei region occured in the early stage of heavy pollution (-21.52t/d), and the peak value of net transmission fluxes from Beijing Tianjin Hebei region to Yangtze River Delta occured in the accumulation stage (17.29t/d), the regional transport effect was the most active between 1001 and 1478m.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2481-2492 [Abstract] ( 425 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1545KB] ( 849 )
2493 Concentration characteristics and sources of PAN at Nanling background station during the National Day holidays
LIAO Min-ping, GONG Dao-cheng, WANG Shao-xia, LIU Tao, WANG Hao, DENG Shuo, OU Jie, ZHENG Yu, WANG Bo-guang
To evaluate the influence of the frequent large-scale regional photochemical pollution events on the background atmosphere in South China during the National Day holiday, continuous online observations of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) a representative product of photochemical pollution, were conducted for the first time at Nanling National Atmospheric Background Monitoring Station in Guangdong, around the National Day of 2018 (September 19th~October 19th). The concentration characteristics and sources of PAN were also analysed. The average volume concentration of PAN during the period was (0.66 ±0.54)×10-9, with the maximum value of 2.33×10-9, which was significantly higher than other background sites in China and abroad ((0.21 ~ 0.44)×10-9), and the concentration at night was constantly high. Additionally, PAN correlated well with O3 (r= 0.90) and NO2 (r = 0.87), and the atmospheric background volume concentration of O3 was estimated to be (46.22 ±0.65)×10-9by a linear fitting method, indicating that the photochemical reaction at Nanling was active. As a result of the regional photochemical pollution events, the concentrations of PAN at Nanling site increased significantly during the National Day holiday, reaching (1.18 ±0.45)×10-9,while NO/NO2 ratio decreased during the same period, resulting in a prolonged atmospheric lifetime of PAN and contributing to local accumulation of PAN. Combining the backward trajectory of the air mass, the distribution of potential sources and the nationwide distribution characteristics of the precursor NO2, it was found that the high concentration of PAN during the National Day holiday at Nanling site mainly came from Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi and other central regions of China.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2493-2503 [Abstract] ( 314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1992KB] ( 585 )
2504 Emission improvements of reactive VOCs based on satellite observations and their impact on ozone simulations
WANG Feng, WANG Jian-wei, ZHAI Jing, HOU Can
Introduced is a methodology of improving bottom-up volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by using space-based formaldehyde measurements. The regression equation between satellite observations and pollutant emissions was established which used the bottom-up emission inventories of INTEX-B for anthropogenic VOCs, FINNv1for the biomass burning source, and MEGAN for the biogenic source. The anthropogenic emissions were enhanced by 1.51, 1.87, and 1.93 times in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta, respectively, whereas the biomass burning emissions were enhanced by 12.2, 6.15, and 2.27 times, and the biogenic emissions were enhanced by 1.66, 1.31, and 1.21 times, respectively, as constrainted by a continuous 3-year record (2005~2007) of OMI satellite measurements. The improved emissions are in good agreement with previous results. Using the improved emission inventories, O3 simulations with the WRF Chem model were conducted, showing that simulated O3 was increased in different seasons in the above three regions, with large increases (more than 20×10-9) in major cities and surrounding areas of the three regions in each season, consistent with the VOC-sensitive urban areas in China. The methodology presented in this paper can be further improved and widely used in air pollution research, especially in the improvement of emission inventories.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2504-2514 [Abstract] ( 319 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6102KB] ( 1021 )
2515 Source apportionment of VOCs and its contribution to O3 production during summertime in urban area of Taiyuan
LI Ru-mei, YAN Yu-long, WANG Cheng, XU Yang, LI Ying-hui, PENG Lin
Air samples were collected to obtain the observed concentration of VOCs during summertime in the urban area of Taiyuan. A photochemical age-based parameterization method was applied to obtain the initial concentration of VOCs. Then the sources of VOCs were identified and the potential sources of O3 were analyzed. The average concentration of total VOCs was 48.13μg/m3 with the most abundant group of alkanes (25.52μg/m3). VOCs concentration shows a distinct diurnal variation with the lowest value in the critical time for photochemical reaction during daytime (10:00~14:00). Oil evaporation, vehicle emissions, coal combustion, biogenic emission and liquefied petroleum gas/natural gas (LPG/NG) usage were the major sources of summertime VOCs in urban area of Taiyuan, with the relative contribution of 26.89%, 25.55%, 21.14%, 14.99%, and 11.44% for VOCs sources, while their contributed to the O3 productionwere 21.44%, 33.10%, 24.07%, 13.77%, and 7.62% respectively. Local vehicle exhaust was the main contributor of VOCs in airmass with fresh emission characteristics, while oil evaporation and coal combustion mainly contributed to VOCs in airmasses characterized by mixed, nocturnal, and aged after oxidation reaction through transport and local accumulation. To sum up, vehicle emissions, coal combustion and oil evaporation were the major contributors of ambient VOCs and O3 production, while reduction the emissions of these sources can reduce the concentration level of ambient VOCs and effectively alleviate O3 production.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2515-2525 [Abstract] ( 297 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1009KB] ( 669 )
2526 Impact of synoptic patterns on regional ozone pollution in Sichuan Basin
YANG Xian-yu, LU Ya-qiong, WANG Yu-run, QIAO Yu-hong, ZHANG Gong-liang, WANG Shi-gong, ZHANG Xiao-ling, LIU Zhi-hong, LIU Yi-lin, ZHU Xin-sheng
The features of regional O3 pollution and its relationship between synoptic patterns in Sichuan Basin during 2014~2019 were quantitatively analyzed based on the ambient measurements, ERA5 reanalysis data as well as the PCT objective classification method. The frequency of regional O3 pollution in the Sichuan Basin during 2014~2019 showed a unimodal distribution with the highest frequency in 2016. The Chengdu Plain was the most polluted region with elevated O3 levels in the Sichuan Basin. Among the six classified synoptic patterns, Type1, 2, 6 were classified as polluted synoptic patterns which exhibited a western-eastern pressure gradient. Meanwhile, the Sichuan Basin was controlled by a low-pressure system in these synoptic patterns. In contrast, Type3 and Type4 were identified as clean synoptic patterns. The sea level pressure in Type3 was high over the northern SCB and low over the southern SCB, with a low-pressure center located at the eastern Sichuan Basin. Unlike Type3, the sea level pressure in Type4 was higher in the east and lower in the west, with some small-scale high-pressure centers distributed in the Tibetan Plateau. The high temperature, low cloud coverage, strong solar radiation, and low relative humidity in Sichuan Basin under the polluted synoptic types were beneficial to the O3 formation. The stagnant conditions in Type1 and the strong regional transport of O3 and its precursors by the prevailing southeast wind fields in Type 2 and 6 were primary processes that leading to the frequent regional O3 episodes occurred in polluted synoptic types. In addition, the prediction method based on synoptic pattern classification showed that the contribution of synoptic patterns on the inter-annual variability of O3 concentration in the Sichuan Basin ranged from 34.8% to 66.3%, with the contribution can even reached more than twice its annual variation of specific city cluster within SCB.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2526-2539 [Abstract] ( 427 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5100KB] ( 751 )
2540 Influence of Baikal high-pressure split process on heavy pollution in Suihua City
LI Juan, CHU Yang-xi, DU Jin-hong, JIN Wen-jing, HU Rong-ming, WEI Peng
To explore the impact of the Baikal high-pressure splitting process on the continuous heavy pollution incident in Suihua City during January 2020, based on the analysis of the mesoscale WRF weather forecast data and the meteorological observation data, the Weather situation and changes in meteorological elements were analyzed from January 9 to 21, 2020. Combining the pollutant concentration observation data and the PM2.5 component observation data, the pollutant concentration changes, and chemical composition characteristics in the process were analyzed. The pollution process was caused by continuous and stable weather caused by the splitting high pressure of Lake Baikal. During the 11~20 days, the AQI ranged from 182 to 329, of which 9days were severely polluted or above. During the period of heavy pollution, the relative humidity is about 94%, the wind speed on the ground drops to about 0.5m/s, the visibility dropped to about 1m/s, and there was an inversion layer, and the atmospheric diffusion conditions were poor. The continuous static and stable weather had led to the enhancement of atmospheric oxidation. The oxidant concentration (ρ(NO2) + ρ(O3)) was about 94~118μg/m3, and the maximum daily increase of sulfate and ammonium salt were 28.59 and 11.32mol/m3, and the growth rate increased by 1264% and 1270% respectively compared to the 14th. The low temperature, high humidity and high oxidizing atmosphere promoted the formation of secondary inorganic salts. Studies had shown that the continuous and stable weather caused by the high-pressure splitting process of Lake Baikal had increased atmospheric oxidation, coupled with unfavorable meteorological conditions and local accumulation and emission of pollutants, resulting in continuous heavy pollution weather in Suihua City.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2540-2551 [Abstract] ( 317 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7135KB] ( 530 )
2552 Spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors of PM2.5 in Chinese cities based on MGWR model
ZHOU Zhi-ling, CHENG Xian-fu
Based on the 2018 annual average PM2.5 concentration data, natural and socio-economic data of 297 prefecture-level cities in China, the multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model was used to analyze the spatial scale and the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors on PM2.5 concentration. MGWR model was tested and analyzed suitable for studying influencing factors of PM2.5 concentration in prefecture-level cities in China. In terms of the spatial scale, per capita GDP and technical support level had the largest effect scale, followed by relative humidity, residential land proportion, population density and wind speed. After that, precipitation, secondary industry proportion, vegetation cover, temperature and energy intensity had the most limited effect scale. In terms of the impact, relative humidity, population density and residential land proportion were all positive. Secondary industry proportion and energy intensity were mainly positive, accounting for 70.71% and 64.98% of the total sample respectively. Wind speed and temperature had both positive and negative effects, showing polarization in space. The positive effect account for 49.83% and 57.91% of the total samples, respectively. Precipitation and vegetation cover were mainly negative effects, accounting for 91.58% and 69.70% of the total samples respectively. Per capita GDP and technical support level were all negative effects. The results showed that the influence of various factors on PM2.5 concentration in Chinese cities has varied spatial heterogeneity.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2552-2561 [Abstract] ( 588 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 916KB] ( 1076 )
2562 Spatial and temporal variations of XCO2 in China and its influencing factors analysis
MO Lu, WU Zhao-cong, ZHANG Yi
We comprehensively analysed the spatio-temporal changes and seasonal patterns in the CO2 concentrations in China from 2014 to 2018 using OCO-2XCO2 data. Moreover, influencing factors of XCO2 were evaluated. Regarding the temporal distribution, the CO2 concentration in China increased at an average rate of 2.56×10-6/a, with significant annual seasonal variations of 6.78×10-6. A significant increasement of vegetations was observed in China between 2014 and 2018, especially in the northwest and southeast coastal, which was mainly related to the returning farmland to forest program. Seasonal variations of XCO2 in China were generally controlled by vegetation activities, and a significant negative correlation between XCO2 and NDVI was observed, especially in northeast China (r=-0.58). Anthropogenic emissions were identified as the dominant contributor of XCO2 distributions, and the spatial correlation were quantified (r=0.397, P<0.05), especially for those regions with larger emissions (emissions>103t,r=0.714). Finally, the socio-economic factors such as population, electricity consumption and road network density were found to affect XCO2 by region, and the results of the correlation analysis were 0.78, 0.69 and 0.34, respectively.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2562-2570 [Abstract] ( 447 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1830KB] ( 739 )
2571 Investigation of SO2 removal enhancement from marine flue gas under scrubber swing condition
LIU Chang, WANG Ding-zhen, ZHANG Yong-xin, ZHAO Zhong-yang, WU Wei-hong, SHEN Min-qiang, DAI Hao-bo, ZHENG Cheng-hang, GAO Xiang
The SO2 removal efficiency of magnesia-based absorbent for different absorber inclined angles was investigated, aiming at desulfurization enhancement of the swing condition of ship absorber under severe sea conditions. The effects of liquid-gas ratio, inlet SO2 concentration, flow gas flow rate, pH value on desulphurization efficiency in scrubber tower were studied. The results showed that the desulfurization efficiency decreased with the increasing of inclined angle and the decreasing of the liquid-gas ratio, and the influence of inclined angle on desulfurization efficiency was more obvious at lower liquid-gas ratio. The desulfurization efficiency increased with the increasing of flue gas flow rate and pH value. For different pH values & inlet SO2 concentrations, the variation range of desulfurization efficiency caused by inclined angles was different. The sieve tray and distribution ring improved the desulfurization efficiency of the absorber under swing condition effectively. When the inclined angle was 15°, the desulfurization efficiency increased by about 3%, while the desulfurization efficiency increased by about 5% at the inclined angle of 10°. When the inclined angle was below 5°, the desulfurization efficiency could be improved by nearly 7%.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2571-2576 [Abstract] ( 240 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 620KB] ( 609 )
2577 Numerical simulation of the effect of temperature on the performance of electrostatic precipitator
YAN Dong-jie, ZHUANG Qian, YU Ya, DING Liu, ZHANG Zi-ang
To elucidate the effect of flue gas temperature on the performance of the electrostatic precipitator, a three-dimensional numerical simulation study of the electrostatic precipitator was conducted through commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The overall coupling of electric field, flow field, particle field, and temperature were successfully created through a User Defined Functions (UDF). The results showed that the average turbulence intensity could be reduced with the increase of the flue gas temperature that ranged from 20℃ to 400℃ under the same inlet mass. In addition, it was explored that the average field strength would decrease from 4.9×105V/m to 1.4×105V/m, and 0.971mA/m2 to 0.261mA/m2 for the average plate current density under the same condition, and the ion wind effect was decreased as well. However, the uniformity of the plate current density distribution gradually improved with the temperature increase. More importantly, the particle trajectory line was elongated with the increased temperature under the same volume flow, but the overall particle capture efficiency was decreased. It can be summarized that the decreased temperature could effectively improve the dust removal efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2577-2585 [Abstract] ( 321 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2476KB] ( 1024 )
Water Pollution Control
2586 Effect of NO2--N/NH4+-N and COD/NH4+-N on anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupled denitrification nitrogen and carbon removal
ZHAO Xin-lei, XING Jia-wei, FU Xue, MAO Pei-yue, AN Fang-jiao, MA Jiao, CHEN Yong-zhi
The Sequencing Batch Reactor-Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR-ASBR) combined process was used to treat actual domestic sewage with low C/N ratio at normal temperature,the partial nitritation was achieved by regulating SBR hypoxia: aerobic time was 80min:60min, 120min:60min and 150min:60min respectively. Then the effluent was pumped into the ASBR reactor,investigate the effect of different influent NO2--N/NH4+-N and COD/ NH4+-N on removal of nitrogen and carbon by anaerobic ammonia oxidation coupled denitrification, and response surface methodology was used to design orthogonal batch test. The results showed that: NO2--N/NH4+-N was 1.55 and COD/NH4+-N was 4.22, the effluent concentrations of NH4+-N, NO2--N and COD were 2.79, 0.47 and 38.37mg/L respectively, and their removal rates were as high as 87.56%, 98.45% and 62.69% respectively. ΔNO2--N/ΔNH4+-N was 2.23, the quantity of generated NO3--N was smaller than the theoretical value by 2.47mg/L, nitrogen was removed by the joint action of anammox and denitrifying, the nitrogen and carbon removal performance of the system was best. When NO2--N/NH4+-N and COD/NH4+-N increased from 0.84 to 1.55 and 3.24 to 4.22, respectively, the contribution of anammox and heterotrophic denitrification to nitrogen removal decreased from 80.40% to 53.33% and 19.60% increased to 46.67%. NO2--N/NH4+-N and COD/NH4+-N had significant interactive effects on the removal of TN and COD, and both showed a positive correlation, R2 were 0.9243 and 0.9700 respectively.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2586-2594 [Abstract] ( 270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1035KB] ( 736 )
2595 Start-up of biofilm enhanced granular sludge process for autotrophic nitrogen removal in a plug-flow reactor
SONG Pei-yuan, ZHANG Liang, YANG Shen-hua, LI Zhao-yang, PENG Yong-zhen
In this study, a novel start-up strategy for single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) process was developed in a plug-flow granular sludge reactor. The activated sludge inoculum and biofilm-fixing carriers were simultaneously added into reactor firstly to start up as integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process with ammonium input. Under low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of <0.2mg/L, the influent ammonium concentration and aeration rate gradually increased until the autotrophic nitrogen removal system performance was stable and a total inorganic nitrogen removal rate around 1.7kgN/(m3·d) was achieved. As the biofilm was formed, matured, and detached repeatedly during the start-up period, red-brown granules were observed in mixed suspended sludge liquid. Then the media filling ratio was adjusted from 20% to 0%, resulting in a temporary decrease of granular size from 270μm to 163μm and total inorganic nitrogen removal rate to 0.85kgN/(m3·d). However, the removal performance was rapidly recovered following the increment of aeration and the average sludge particle size gradually increased by 195μm.The experimental results showed that flocs and particles could be stable co-existed in the SPNA reactor, and the final loading rate of 1.5kgN/(m3·d) could be achieved, which was comparable to that in IFAS mode. Therefore, the start-up method reported could be an effective pathway to fulfill high-rate autotrophic nitrogen removal in plug-flow granular sludge systems.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2595-2601 [Abstract] ( 262 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1246KB] ( 608 )
2602 The contribution of Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage to the deamination in full-scale landfill leachate treatment systems
XIONG Ying, XIANG Si, CHENG Kai
In order to study the relationship between the microbial community structure and the deamination effect in landfill leachate treatment systems, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the community structure of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in 15 full-scale landfill leachate treatment systems. Meanwhile, the annual change of the community structure of AOB in one of the treatment systems was monitored. Moreover, a 45-day simulation test using real landfill leachate was carried out to study the deamination activity. The results showed that Nitrosomonas was the dominant AOB genus in landfill leachate treatment systems, and its relative abundance was positively correlated with the deamination activity (P<0.05). Within the genus, the relative abundance of N. europaea, N. eutropha and N. halophila, which all belongs to the N. europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage, were positively correlated with deamination activity (P<0.05). The results indicated that the N. europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage was the dominant AOB group in the full-scale landfill leachate treatment systems, and greatly contributed to the deamination in landfill leachate.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2602-2609 [Abstract] ( 288 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 658KB] ( 512 )
2610 Performance enhancement and synergy mechanism in a 3DBER multifunctional system
WU Xu-yuan, LI Jia-wen, HAO Rui-xia, ZHENG Xiao-ying
The effluent from the secondary biological treatment of sewage plant usually has a low C/N ratio and low biodegradability, additional carbon sources should be added in its deep denitrification process. To address this problem and meet the sewage recycling technology demand for the deep removal of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and micro-pollutants in the secondary treatment effluent, a multifunctional composite denitrification system based on three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor process (3DBER) was developed in this study by changing the composition of filler materials in the traditional 3DBER. This new system could achieve enhanced denitrification and simultaneous removal of phosphorus and micro-pollutants (dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and o-benzene Dicarboxylic acid (2-ethylhexyl) ester (DEHP), which were represented by PAEs). The technical approaches of the multifunctional 3DBER process and the corresponding micro-action mechanisms for pollutant removal were examined from the perspectives of process performance and microbial population distribution. The results showed that the sulfur/iron composite functional filler was a key factor for achieving deep denitrification and simultaneous removal of phosphorus and micro pollutants for the secondary biological treatment effluent with a low C/N ratio. The denitrification efficiency of the multifunctional composite system increased by about 20% compared with the traditional 3DBER process, the simultaneous TP removal rate reached 80% and the PAEs removal rate were above 90%. The analysis from chemometrics and molecular biology technologies showed that there was a synergistic promotion effect among microbial ecology, electron donor compensation, and pH balance in the process of denitrification and phosphorus removal. The function of nitrogen removal was due to the joint action of heterotrophic and various autotrophic denitrification, and the key to phosphorus removal was the continuous corrosion of sponge iron. The removal of PAEs was the result of the synergistic effect of adsorption, electrochemical oxidation, and biodegradation. The results can provide theoretical and technical guidance for developing advanced treatment processes for the simultaneous denitrification, phosphorus removal, and micro pollutant removal from secondary biological treatment effluent.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2610-2621 [Abstract] ( 276 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1513KB] ( 573 )
2622 Mechanism and efficiency of the CANON system against rapid cooling enhanced by flocculent sludge ratios
LI Bo-lin, ZHAO Wan-qing, WANG Heng, LI Ye, WANG Yue
This study explored the efficiency and mechanism of a single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system (CANON) with three different particle and flocculent sludge ratios (high particle system 10:1~30:1, equivalent system 1:1~1:1.5, high flocculent system 1:10~1:30) to resist rapid cooling. During cooling of the CANON system to 10℃ after stable operation at 30℃, the total nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of each system decreased significantly; however, the NRR of the same system was always higher than that of other systems. The activity of functional bacteria in each system was a positively correlated with temperature, and the declining range of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) activity was higher than that of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), but the declining range of the AAOB activity in the same system was lower than that of other systems. Therefore, rapid cooling did not affect the spatial heterogeneity and activity distribution of granular and functional flocculent sludge bacteria. However, the spatial heterogeneity of the equivalent system demonstrated the highest significance, thus indicating that this system could better serve the roles of particles and floc sludge. Furthermore, its ability to resist rapid cooling was also better than that of the other systems.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2622-2630 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1154KB] ( 513 )
2631 Biodegradation characteristics of high-salinity complex dyes wastewater with high salinity by the bacterial consortium
LI Jin-jia, FAN Xiao-dan, ZHANG Dao-hong, YUAN Zheng-tong, ZHOU Jia-ying, WANG Xue-qi
In this study, a bacterial consortium was isolated from municipal activated sludge from Tianjin, China. Identification via 16SrDNA sequencing showed that it was mainly consisted of Dokdonella (12.26%), Dyella (10.19%), Sacharibacteria genera (7.07%), Rhodobacter (5.80%), Pseudodoxanthomonas (3.61%), and Flavihumibacter (3.02%). The decolorization conditions of high-salinity complex dyes wastewater, such as co-metabolic substrates as well as various physical and chemical parameters, were studied. The results showed that the best co-metabolic substations for the decolorization of complex dyes wastewater were glucose and ammonium sulfate. The optimum decolorization conditions were 35℃, pH 9.0, and inoculum concentration of 1.2g/L. Under the condition of high salinity (50g/L), the decolorization efficiency of complex dyes wastewater reached (87±2.4) % within 72h. Methyl orange was degraded first, followed by disperse blue, while acid fuchsin had a slow degradation rate. The chromophore groups (-N=N-, -NH2, and -SO3) and the benzene rings of complex dyes were destroyed, as identified with by high performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Degradation metabolites included aniline, acetamide, and 2-amino-5-methylbenzoic acid as identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2631-2638 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 568KB] ( 1123 )
2639 The co-removal of ammonium and phosphate by novel cement-based material magnesium-rich tricalcium aluminate and its mechanism investigation
ZOU You-qin, LI Yong-li, HAO Peng-fei, OUYANG Si-da, ZHU Zhong-bang, ZHANG Ping
Magnesium-rich C3A (Mg@C3A) was successfully prepared via doping magnesium into cement-based material tricalcium aluminate (C3A) for the co-removal of ammonium (NH4+-N) and phosphorus (PO43-). The effects of Mg@C3A dosage, contaminants concentration, solution pH value, and temperature as well as the mechanism were investigated. Mg@C3A was composed of the C3A isomorphism formed by the replacement of Ca with Mg and the surface MgO, in which the Mg doping does not affect the cubic symmetric structure and morphology of C3A. The maximum removal capacity of NH4+ and PO43- were 38.4, 78.9mg/g at the Mg@C3A dosage of 3g/L, respectively. The increase of temperature was conducive to the co-removal of NH4+ and PO43-by Mg@C3A. High pH value enhanced the NH4+ removal. The removal mechanism of NH4+ was mainly neutralization and the precipitation; PO43- was removed via the precipitation combining with Mg2+ or Al3+ to form struvite or aluminum phosphate.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2639-2645 [Abstract] ( 208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1115KB] ( 776 )
2646 Fe3O4/FeS2 activated H2O2 degradation of typical phenylarsonic acid pollutants
HUA Jie, WANG Min, LIN Shu-ting, JIANG Yan-ting, LIN Chun-xiang, LV Yuan-cai, LIU Ming-hua
Fe3O4/FeS2 catalyst was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method, and employed to mediate a heterogeneous Fenton system for the remediation of a typical phenylarsonic acid pollutant (roxarsone, ROX). The characterization results of XRD, SEM, XPS and magnetic measurement system (VSM) showed that Fe3O4/FeS2 displayed evident granular particles and good magnetic properties. The results of ROX degradation experiments showed that under optimal conditions (4.5of the initial pH, 20mg/L of ROX initial concentration, 0.15g/L of Fe3O4/FeS2 dosage and 0.034g/L of H2O2 concentration), the heterogeneous Fenton system could instantaneously degrade 96.74% of ROX in 1min, which was much better than of the systems mediated by sole Fe3O4 or FeS2. In addition, Fe3O4/FeS2 could be effectively recycled by magnets, and also exhibited good reusability. After 3 runs, the degradation efficiency of ROX was still over 80%. Mechanism analysis revealed that plenty of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) could be generated via the catalytic reaction between Fe3O4/FeS2 and H2O2. Subsequently, the ·OH could quickly attacked the C-As, C-N, and C-C bonds in the ROX molecule, resulting in the dearsenication, denitrification and ring opening reactions, as well as the formation of a series of organic products (such as phenols, quinones, small molecular organic acids, etc.) and inorganic products (As(V) and NO3-). Finally, the released inorganic arsenic could be adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst, while the organic product was further mineralized.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2646-2656 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2593KB] ( 594 )
2657 Research on the oxidative degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in water by Fe0-CNTs-Cu activation
PAN Jia-min, GONG Xiao-bo, CHEN Yong, CHEN Liu, LIU Yong
In order to efficiently remove chlorophenols pollutants from wastewater, which are persistent, highly toxic and difficult to biodegrade, a new material (Fe0-CNTs-Cu) that could efficiently and selectively reduce oxygen to H2O2 and decompose the in-situ H2O2 to ·OH/O2·- was prepared by high energy ball milling-high temperature melting-liquid phase reduction method. The degradation mechanism of Fe0-CNTs-Cu/O2 system was analysed, and the degradation pathway of 4-CP in this system was speculated. The degradation rate and TOC removal rate of Fe0-CNTs-Cu for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under the optimized conditions were 92.3% and 54.2%, respectively. In the Fe0-CNTs-Cu/O2 system, a corrosion cell was formed to induce the selective reduction of O2 on the surface of CNTs to H2O2, Cu0, Cu2O and CNTs as well as the in situ generated Fe2+. The in situ generated H2O2 was catalytically decomposed to the highly oxidized material ·OH/O2·-, which could efficiently oxidatively degrade 2,4-DCP.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2657-2664 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1695KB] ( 593 )
2665 Preparation of modified microtubule Carbon nitride and its photocatalytic performance
GAO Feng, WANG Jin, DOU Meng-meng, GAO Bo-ru, XU Juan, HUO Kai-li, WANG Xiao-yue, LUO Heng, LIANG Zi-han
Hexagonal microtubule carbon nitride (MTCN-x) with layered stacking structure was prepared by hydrothermal-calcination method by melamine and solid phosphite H3PO3, where x represents the mass ratio of phosphite to melamine. Its structure, morphology, and photochemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), fluorescence spectroscopy (PL) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The results showed that the doping of phosphorus suppressed the growth of catalyst grains, reduced the energy gap, increased the response range of visible light and its utilization, inhibited the recombination of photoelectron and hole effectively and improved the photocatalytic performance significantly. The degradation rate of ciproloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TCL) for 10min was 99.7% and 97.8%, respectively. The degradation rate constants were 10.5 and 6.8 times of those by pure g-C3N4 (BCN), respectively. The modified MTCN-1.2 exhibited better photocatalytic degradation performance than MTCN-0 and BCN. At the same time, the effects of pH, catalyst dosage, humic acid concentration on photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics were investigated, The results showed that the best pH values for CIP and TCL degradation were 5 and 9, respectively. The high dosage of catalyst and the increase of HA concentration would lead to the decrease of photocatalytic efficiency. The results of free radical capture experiment proved that superoxide radical(×O2-)and hole (h+) play a leading role in the catalytic system.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2665-2676 [Abstract] ( 328 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1321KB] ( 792 )
2677 Bisulfite enhanced degradation of diclofenac in Fe3+/persulfate system
FENG Shu, WANG Hong-Bin, LIU Yi-Qing, FU Yong-Sheng
The degradation of diclofenac (DCF) by bisulfite enhanced Fe3+/persulfate system was investigated. The influence of pH, Fe3+ dosage, HSO3- dosage, persulfate (PS) dosage and dissolved oxygen on DCF degradation in HSO3-/Fe3+/S2O82-system was explored. The main reactive radical species for DCF removal in this system was also identified by scavenging experiments. Finally, The degradation products and transformation mechanism of DCF by HSO3-/Fe3+/S2O82- were evaluated. DCF could be effectively degraded by the introduction of HSO3- in Fe3+/PS process, and the optimal pH was 4.0. The increased initial Fe3+, HSO3-or PS concentration promoted DCF degradation while excessive HSO3- could inhibit its degradation by acting as a SO4·- scavenger. The degradation rate of DCF was only reduced by 10.4% with bubbling nitrogen, and there was no obvious inhibitory effect in this system. According to the radical scavenging experiments, the contribution of SO4·-, HO· and SO5·- to DCF degradation in HSO3-/Fe3+/S2O82- system were calculated to be 83.0%, 12.8% and 4.3%, respectively. Four transformation products were detected using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The potential degradation mechanism of DCF was thus proposed showing four reaction pathways including hydroxylation, decarboxylation, dehydration and formylation.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2677-2684 [Abstract] ( 207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 544KB] ( 605 )
2685 Degradation of sulfadiazine by hydroxylamine hydrochloride/Fe-MOFs/persulfate system
WU Cheng-zi, ZHANG Wei, WAN Yan-tao, XIU Guang-li
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used to promote Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) cycle in iron-based metal organic framework (Fe-MOFs)/persulfate(PS) system to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ) in water. The structure and morphology of Fe-MOFs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of initial pH, PS, Fe-MOFs, HA, SDZ, co-existing ions and humic acid on the removal of SDZ were investigated and the prospect for practical application of this system was also evaluated. The results showed that Fe-MOFs/PS/HA system had a good removal performance of SDZ in a wide initial pH range (3~6), and the removal of SDZ at 180min reached above 90.1%. The appropriate amount of HA could promote the degradation of SDZ in Fe-MOFs/PS system. The results of the free radical scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments showed that the SO4-·、·OH、O2-· and 1O2 were produced in the Fe-MOFs/PS/HA system during the degradation process of SDZ. Within the experiment scope of this study, the degradation performance of SDZ by Fe-MOFs/PS/HA system decreased gradually with the increase of pH value in the range of (pH=3~6). With the increase of the concentration of PS, HA and Fe-MOFs, the removal of SDZ exhibited the rising-then-falling pattern. Chlorine ion, humic acid and other factors had the negative effects on the removal of SDZ in the system in actual surface water, however HA could enhance the degradation of SDZ in the natural environment. The result of recycle experiment revealed that Fe-MOFs system had a good reusability and exhibited a great application potential.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2685-2697 [Abstract] ( 393 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1932KB] ( 618 )
2698 In-situ remediation of arsenic contaminated aquifer by MRGO-FMBO
LIU Wan-ting, CHI Zi-fang, HU Wen-hua
To explore the feasibility of magnetic graphene oxide based Fe-Mn composite oxides (MRGO-FMBO) for remediation of As(III) polluted groundwater, simulation column experiments and two-dimensional sand box experiments were conducted to discuss the migration and distribution of MRGO-FMBO in aquifers. The effects of injection rate and concentration on the migration were explored and the development and evolution of reaction zone after the injection of MRGO-FMBO into the aquifer were studied. MRGO-FMBO presented good mobility in saturated porous media. Within the concentration range set in this study(1~8g/L), higher injection concentration led to better material mobility and less residue in simulated columns. A critical velocity value between 0.023~0.057cm/s existed that the change of injection velocity had a significant impact on the migration when it was under the critical value. However, the velocity was not the main factor affecting migration when the value was higher than the critical velocity. Besides, MRGO-FMBO could form a stable reaction zone after being injected into the underground aquifer with As remediation efficiency of 70.6% in 20days. During the whole development of the reaction zone, 7.79mg of As could be removed totally. Therefore, these results indicated that MRGO-FMBO had a good application prospect in in-situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated aquifers.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2698-2705 [Abstract] ( 289 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1728KB] ( 483 )
2706 Adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ) in water by modified rice straw biochar
MA Zhi-qiang, XU Si-qin, JI Jiang-hao, PENG Gang-yi, SUN Jing-ru
Modified Rice straw biochars were used as absorbents to remove Sb(Ⅲ) from water. Rice straw biochars modified by Mn and Fe-Mn were marked as Mn-BC, Fe-Mn-BC respectively. Firstly, the surface properties of the adsorbents were analyzed by BET and SEM. Secondly, under the conditions of the optimal pH and solid-liquid ratio for adsorption, experiments of isothermal adsorption, kinetic adsorption and coexisting anions in the system were carried out. Thirdly, the regeneration adsorption capacities of modified biochars were investigated. Finally, FT-IR、XPS were used to explore the adsorption mechanisms of Sb(Ⅲ) on Mn-BC and Fe-Mn-BC. The modified biochar had larger specific surface areas and total pore volumes than BC. Under the condition of the optimal pH 2 for BC, pH 4for Mn-BC and Fe-Mn-BC, the optimal solid-liquid ratio 2.5g/L, and at 25℃, the maximum theoretical adsorption capacities of BC, Mn-BC and Fe-Mn-BC were 5.08, 11.45, 29.45mg/g respectively, The adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ) by BC was highly related to physical adsorption, and the adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ) on Mn-BC and Fe-Mn-BC were related to chemical and physical adsorption. The adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ) on Mn-BC was greatly affected by F-, HCO3- and H2PO4-, and the adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ) on Fe-Mn-BC was nearly not interfered by ion type and ionic strength. Compared with Mn-BC, Fe-Mn-BC had a greater adsorption and regeneration capacity. The adsorption mechanism of Sb(Ⅲ) on Mn-BC and Fe-Mn-BC would be described as follow: firstly, most of Sb(Ⅲ) was oxidized to Sb(Ⅴ), then Sb(Ⅴ) was combined with Mn of Mn-BC or Fe/Mn of Fe-Mn-BC to produce relatively stable inner layer composites Mn-O-Sb and Fe-O-Sb-Mn, through the obvious electrostatic effect under acidic conditions. In addition, the functional groups —OH, C=O, and —NH of modified biochar also played an important role in adsorption
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2706-2716 [Abstract] ( 265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2677KB] ( 589 )
2717 Sorption of phthalic acid esters and low-molecular weight acid on carbon nanotubes
SUN Tian-hang, SHEN Xiao-fang, ZHANG Zhan-en, CHEN Shu-min, LIU Dan, XU Shu-yi, CHEN Yong-hong, ZHANG Meng, GUO Xiao-ying
Phthalic acid (PA) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were the target pollutants, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as sorbents. Based on the sorption site energy distribution theory, the competitive and displacement sorption of DEP by PA on CNTs were analyzed by the single- and dual-solute sorption experiments under different pH conditions. Sorption intensity of DEP on CNTs was stronger than that of PA under specific pH condition. For the sorption of DEP on CNTs, the dispersion stability of CNTs affected by the solution pH was the dominant factor to the sorption process. For the sorption of PA, both of the surface charge of CNTs and the dissociation degree of PA affected by solution pH, impacted the sorption process. In the dual-solute system, PA had competition and displacement effects on the sorption of DEP by CNTs. Under different pH conditions, the competition and displacement strength of PA to the sorption of DEP on CNTs was related to the dispersion stability of CNTs and the degree of dissociation of PA. Analysis based on site energy distribution showed that the number of available low-energy sorption sites increased although the addition of PA caused a significant decrease in the number of available high-energy sorption sites for DEP on CNTs.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2717-2724 [Abstract] ( 262 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 938KB] ( 757 )
Solid Waste
2725 Application status and research progress of in-situ landfill aeration
LI Lei, PENG Yao, TAN Han-yue, YANG Ping-jin, RU Ling-yu, WANG Xiao-ming, PENG Xu-ya
This paper reviewed the technical principles, system components, the design and optimization of key units, as well as the completion criteria of in-situ landfill aeration. Future development and challenges were prospected in combination with the characteristics of landfill sites and wastes in China. At present, uniform air and water distribution was the major difficulty faced in the implementation of in-situ aeration projects. Oxygen utilization rate could be improved with engineering measures such as the proper leachate collection and distribution to maintain an optimal waste humidity, the optimization of the aeration and extraction pipeline layouts, and the implementation of layer by layer remediation accompanied by high pressure aeration. In addition, the barrier effect and macropore outflow effect during the liquid recirculation could be improved by using stratified or pressurized recirculation, and controlling the recirculation rate, so that an uniform distribution of moisture in landfills may be provided. After aerobic stabilization, the risk assessment system and the final disposal of decomposed wastes and bottom soils were not clearly demonstrated yet, therefore, it was necessary to strengthen the relevant basic research to guide engineering application in future.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2725-2736 [Abstract] ( 508 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 778KB] ( 1308 )
2737 Stabilization of Pb and characteristic agents in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash
ZHU Zi-han, GUO Yan-yan, ZHAO You-cai, CHEN Wei-hua, WU Jian, HUA Yin-feng
Several agents were selected for the stabilization of Pb in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, wherein, the stabilization effects of single and compound agents were studied. Furthermore, the stabilization mechanism was investigated via infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chelation rate of Pb with organic chelating agents (OCA) addition was higher than that of the inorganic agents (IA), and the Pb leaching concentration could meet the requirements of Hazardous Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard (GB 18598-2019) with the addition of 2% sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDD). For IA, both 5% dosages of sodium sulfide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate could not reach the standard effect. After the stabilization treatment, the proportion of residual state increased, which was more prominent for OCA system, suggesting a better stability against acid and alkali; Leaching concentration of Pb with IA addition was negatively correlated over time, while the OCA addition was opposite due to the oxidation of characteristic functional groups. Cost analysis showed that a compound agent of 0.9% SDD and 3% sodium dihydrogen phosphate could reduce the cost by 26.72% compared with single SDD agent. The characteristic absorption peaks of N, S and P were visible after treatment of the compound agent, and the heavy metals were mainly stabilized via chelation and precipitation. Meanwhile, the mineral composition was no change, but the absorption peak intensity of the crystalline phase weakened.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2737-2743 [Abstract] ( 270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 1469 )
2744 Effects of corncob biochar on the microbial communities and ARGs during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge
GUAN Meng-xin, PENG Lan-sheng, CHEN Jing-yang, HUANG Kui, XIA Hui
The higher content of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) accumulated in excess sludge lowers its agricultural value of vermicompost. To eliminate the content of ARGs in sludge vermicompost, this study aimed to reveal the effects of corncob biochars added in sludge on microbial communities and ARGs of vermicomposting. For this, 1.25% and 5% of corncob biochars, were separately added to dewatered sludge, comparing with the counterpart without addition of biochars. The addition high content of corncob biochars significantly (P < 0.05) promoted the mineralization of organic matter, thus increasing the conductivity and pH of sludge vermicompost. In addition, the corncob biochars (P < 0.05) enhanced the gene abundances of bacterial 16S rDNA and eukaryotic 18S rDNA in the vermicompost, resulting in a significantly (P < 0.05) positive correlation between the microbial abundance and biochar concentration. Compared to control, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinomycetes, and Planctomycetes in sludge vermicompost with high content of corncob biochar decreased by 11.8%, 7.1%, 33.3% and 20%, respectively. However, its abundance of Firmicutes significantly increased by 40% (P < 0.05). Besides, the absolute abundance of macrolide resistance genes (ermF) and tetracycline resistance genes (tetX) in vermicompost with corncob biochars significantly decreased by 32%~45% and 13%~31% (P < 0.05), respectively. But, the abundance of class 1integron (intI1) and sulfonamides resistance genes (sul2) significantly increased by 47%~135% and 9%~42% (P < 0.05) in the final vermciompost, respectively. The addition of corncob biochar in sludge can promote the mineralizaiton of sludge by enhancing microbial number and diversity of microbial, but this addition only selectively reduce the ARGs in vermicompost.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2744-2751 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 823KB] ( 507 )
2752 DBD low-temperature plasma gasification of poplar and model compounds
WANG Qing, LI Xian-chun, LI Yue-hui, GE Yu-jie, WANG Huan-ran
The low-temperature plasma and a dielectric barrier discharge reactor were used to gasify poplar sawdust, cellulose, xylan and lignin. The control variable method was employed to study the effect of frequency, carrier gas on the gas production capacity, and the gasification characteristics of the chemical composition of biomass. The results showed that the lower frequency and carrier gas ionization energy could take the higher gasification rate, the best gasification rate of poplar was 64.11%. The gasification productions of xylan and cellulose were similar, the gas production rate was higher than that of cellulose and lignin and it could produce more CO. Also, lignin mainly produced coke. At the same time, SEM and BET were used to characterize the raw materials and coke, it was found that alkali metals were crystallized at high temperatures. Xylan could be melted during gasification. And the high power of plasma and more oxidizing substances could make the specific surface area of coke increased significantly, reached to 150.71m2/g.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2752-2760 [Abstract] ( 313 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1531KB] ( 964 )
Soil Pollution Control
2761 The influencing factors andsimulationmodels of available cadmium in forest soils in China
ZHANG Xiao-qing, WU Hao-xuan, CHEN Shi-bao, MENG Yu, LUO Yan-jin, REN Da-jun, ZHANG Shu-qin
The 13 representative forest soils were selected in different climatic zones with various forest stands across the mainland of China. The soils were spiked with cadmium and then the distribution characteristics of soil solid-solution partition coefficient (Kd) and soil available cadmium (Cd) concentrations were analyze. The influences of soil/solution properties on Kd and soil available cadmium, and the corresponding empirical prediction models were further explored. Kd values varied from 0.91 to 623.66 L/kg with the average value of 53.11L/kgand variation of 684.37 folds between the maximum and minimum values in different spiked Cd treatments. The Cd concentration in soil pore water (PW-Cd) ranged from 0.309 (S13) to 104.450mg/L (S4) with the variation of 338 folds. The differences of DTPA extractable Cd (DTPA-Cd) contents were 9 and 1.4 folds, for the treatment of no Cd spiked soils and largest spiked dosage 128mg/kg, respectively. The results also showed that the pH positively correlated with Kd (R2=0.49, P<0.001) and inversely correlated with PW-Cd contents (R2=0.41, P<0.05). Single soil solution Mg2+ concentrations could explain 46% variance of the DTPA-Cd concentrations. No single controlling significant soil properties were found to affect the soil soil-liquid partition coefficient (Kd) according to the multiple regression equations. The simulation models were slightly improved by incorporation of other soil/solution properties. In conclusion, the soil solution pH and Mg2+ was two controlling factors.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2761-2772 [Abstract] ( 283 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 780KB] ( 951 )
2773 Effect of Cu2+coexistence on adsorption of sulfadiazine in soil
XU Zi-wen, DONG Meng-yang, LIU Xi-juan, SHAO Yi-fei, LV Shi-quan, HU Shu-xiang, XU Yu-zhi, HU Xin-xin, LIU Ai-ju
Copper (Cu) and Sulfadiazine (SDZ) were selected as target pollutants as their high detection rate in soil environment. The batch sorption methods were used to investigate effects of pH, ion concentration, organic matter content and particle size on SDZ adsorption to soil with Cu2+ co-existing. The adsorption mechanism of SDZ in soil was characterized by FT-IR analysis. Co-existence of Cu2+ significantly increased the adsorption amount of SDZ on soil even with different pH conditions. Both Cu2+ and Ca2+ could promote SDZ adsorption to soil particles by complexation and ion-bridge. The effect of organic matter on adsorption of SDZ on soil was greatly related to concentrations of the co-existing Cu2+. The adsorption of SDZ to soil clay was little influenced by the co-existing Cu2+. FT-IR analysis showed that the physical adsorption was the main mechanism of SDZ adsorption to soil, which was also accompanied by hydrogen bonding interactions, complexation and π-π conjugation. Cu2+ can significantly increase the retention capacity of SDZ in soil and reduce its risk of environmental migration.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2773-2779 [Abstract] ( 284 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1375KB] ( 906 )
2780 Biodegradation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by Cupriavidus sp. DT-1 in liquid and soil environments
LU Peng, ZHOU Hui, YUAN Meng
Cupriavidus sp. DT-1 was a 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP)-degrading strain which could transform TCP to 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP). Liquid-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to detect the degradation products of 2-HP, And the methods of triparetal conjugation, quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) were used to evaluate the remediation effect of TCP-contaminated soils by the degrading-bacterium. Results showed that strain DT-1 was able to further degrade 2-HP, and sequentially produced nicotine blue, maleamic acid and fumaric acid, until it was transformed into the carbon source that could support the growth of strain DT-1. Pilot experiment showed that inoculation of strain DT-1 remarkably accelerated the elimination of TCP in soils. The degradation rates of TCP in inoculated soils were 94.4% and 86.7%, while those in uninoculated soils were 20.4% and 28.4%, respectively. Green fluorescent protein encoding gene gfp harbored strain DT-1-gfp could survive in soils for more than 35d. The results of q-PCR showed that inoculation of strain DT-1-gfp significantly improved the recovery of bacterial community abundance in the TCP-contaminated soils.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2780-2787 [Abstract] ( 289 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1156KB] ( 525 )
2788 Response of soil nematodes in desert steppe to nitrogen deposition and rainfall changes
ZHANG Yu-chen, HONG Mei, ZHAO Bayinnamula, YE He, YAN Jin, LI Jing, LIANG Zhi-wei
A twelve-treatment experiment with the main plot(three water treatments: 30% increase (W), 30% reduction (R),and natural rainfall (CK) and split-plot (0 (N0), 30 (N30), 50 (N50) and 100 (N100) kg/(hm2·a)4nitrogen gradients was designed in Stipa breviflora desert steppe to investigate the impact of nitrogen deposition and rainfall changes on soil nematodes. A total of 41 genera of soil nematodes were identified in the study area, and the dominant community genera were Acrobeles and Acrobeloides. Compared with nitrogen addition, the number of nematodes wasincreased significantly in precipitation and that influences were especially obvious in October. N50 gradient was more beneficial to increase the number of nematodes under the situation of reduced rain. In terms of functional groups, the largest part bacterial-eating nematodes in the 0~10cm soil were 41.00% to 45.56% of the total and an upward trend was shown in the seasonal dynamics, while the lowest part was the number of omnivorous nematodes. Bacteria-eating and fungus-eating nematodes were negatively correlated with nitrogen gradients. According to the ecological index, soil nematode diversity would be inhibited by only increasing rainfall, and the nematode community diversity and stability was not changedby single nitrogen addition. However, the abundance of nematodes was terrifically cut down by lower nitrogen addition. Under dynamic treatments in different seasons, the soil mineralization pathway was affected by micro-nematodes, and the organic matter was mainly degraded by fungi. Under reduced rainfall and nitrogen application, soil anti-interference ability was improved. Important environmental factors affecting soil nematode communities were pH, organic matter, and ammonium nitrogen content. The number of K-strategist groups was increased in increasing soil nitrogen content and decreasing in pH, while the number of R-strategist groups was reduced. Changing in soil nematode community structure was indicated that the stability of the underground food web in the Stipa breviflora desert steppe ecosystem was gradually increased.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2788-2797 [Abstract] ( 220 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 628KB] ( 557 )
Environmental Ecology
2798 Review on the environmental behaviors of microplastics in porous media
LI Xiao-hui, XU Hong-xia, SUN Yuan-yuan, WU Ji-chun
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is among the global environmental concerns and has become one of the frontier research. Increasing attention has been paid to the environmental behaviors of MPs in soil and groundwater system in recent years. Based on a brief summary of the sources and hazard of MPs, this paper mainly focused on the research progress in MPs environmental behaviors, and the latest progress in the stability and transport behaviors of MPs in porous media was reviewed, with emphasis on the influence and mechanism of physical, chemical and biological factors. Besides, adsorption/desorption of pollutants on/from MPs and their cotransport were also summarized to discuss the interaction between MPs and other pollutants. To systematically understand the transport behaviors and mechanisms of MPs in porous media, further research should address different MPs types, multi-factor coupling effect, and the interaction between MPs and microorganisms, etc.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2798-2811 [Abstract] ( 349 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 786KB] ( 1120 )
2812 The sources and seasonal variation characteristics of n-alkanes in suspended particulate matter in Fuxian Lake
YUAN Hong-xiang, SUN Hui-ling, DUAN li-zeng, ZHANG Hu-cai
In order to investigate the sources and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of n-alkanes in organic matter in Fuxian Lake, the distribution characteristics, biological sources and seasonal variations of suspended particulate matter in water columns of Fuxian Lake from April 2016 to March 2017 were studied. The vertical distribution of n-alkanes demonstrated the relative abundance of n-alkanes above the thermocline was higher than that below the thermocline. The maximum concentration of n-alkanes occured in ~20m depth. The relative abundance of n-alkanes in water columns was weakly affected by sediment resuspension. The obvious seasonal fluctuation in n-alkanes with the highest values in October and April can be found. Furthermore, the seasonal variation trends of n-25, n-27, n-29 alkanes were consistent with that of phytoplankton biomass, which illustrated that the phytoplankton was the main source of n-alkanes in water columns of Fuxian Lake. Water temperature was one of the key factors to limit the spatial and temporal distribution of n-alkanes in water columns of Fuxian Lake. All the input from the phytoplanktons, surface soil and submerged plants played an important role for the high abundance of C29in the surface sediments. The n-alkanes (C31 and C23) in the sediments of Fuxian Lake could effectively indicate the input of terrestrial plants and submerged plants. The results were good foundation of paleo-environmental reconstruction in down core sediments based on n-alkanes in Fuxian Lake.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2812-2820 [Abstract] ( 340 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 847KB] ( 997 )
2821 Characteristics and source apportionment of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution in Wuming River Basin, Guangxi
LIU Yan-feng, CUI Guan-nan, BAI Xin-yu, YU Zhan-qiu, Dong Li-ming
This paper analyzed the characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus forms of different crops in the Wuming River Basin in Guangxi, and used principal component analysis to analyze the source of nitrogen and phosphorus in river water and sediments. The results of soil statistics and one-way analysis of variance for different crops showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents of the farmland around the watershed ranged from 802.60 to 2740.42mg/kg and 109.01 to 784.59mg/kg, respectively. The ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) of corn planting soil were significantly higher than other soils (P<0.05); The NO3--N of sugarcane soil was significantly higher than other soils (P<0.05); Citrus planting soil Exchanged phosphorus (Ex-P) and iron/aluminum combined phosphorus (Fe/Al-P) were significantly higher than other soils (P<0.05). The results of principal component analysis indicated that TN in Wuming river may mainly originate from nutrient loss of soil planted with corn and sugarcane. Fe/Al-P, Ca-P and NH4+-N in the sediments may mainly originate from citrus, eucalyptus and corn soils, respectively. From the above analysis, it is known that the nitrogen loss of the soil for planting corn and sugarcane may have caused the most important non-point source pollution problem in Wuming River, indicating that the type of land crop is an important factor affecting non-point source pollution in the watershed.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2821-2830 [Abstract] ( 287 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 593KB] ( 1686 )
2831 Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of net nitrogen and phosphorus input from human activity: A case study of Hangzhou section of Qiandao Lake Basin
MIAO Jin-dian, ZHANG Xiao-ming, WEI Tian-xing, ZHAO Yang, LI Peng, ZHOU Li-gang
To explore the impact of human activities on the input of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Hangzhou section of the Qiandao Lake Basin from 2008 to 2017, the temporal and spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus input and their associated driving factors were analyzed based on the net nitrogen and phosphorus input model of human activities (NANI、NAPI). The results showed that: (1) NANI showed an upward trend with the annual ten-year average value of 2230kg/(km2·a) while NAPI increased firstly and then continued to decrease with the peak value in 2011. The spatial differences of each sub-unit are highly significant. Generally NANI and NAPI were high in the south and west, but low in the north and east. (2) The main input components of NANI had significant inter-annual differences. The largest contributing source of total net nitrogen input was nitrogen fertilizer application (37.3% to 39.9%) from 2008 to 2014, but turned into the atmosphere Nitrogen deposition (36.4% to 38.4%) from 2015 to 2017. In contrast, the main input components of NAPI were relatively consistent across the years. The largest contribution source was the input of phosphorus in human food and animal feed (44.1% to 48.1%), followed by phosphate fertilizer application (40.3% to 43.4%). (3) Among the impact factors, the crop planting intensity was the most significant factor influencing NANI (R2=0.851) and NAPI (R2=0.806). (4) The sub-units NANI and NAPI were significantly related to the load intensity of TN and TP into the lake. Variations in NANI explained 63.9% of the river TN load changes. Meanwhile, variations in NAPI explained 73.3% of the river TP load changes. Therefore, the actual management and control of non-point source pollution in Hangzhou Section of Qiandao Lake Basin should focus on towns, such as Fenkou Town, Weiping Town and Langchuan Township which possessed high NANI、NAPI. In these towns, we should strengthen the prevention and control of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer pollution and implement pollution source control and emission reduction strategies.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2831-2842 [Abstract] ( 277 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1863KB] ( 1441 )
2843 Migration of phosphorus in lake sediments under vertical circulations
LIU Yuan-yuan, CHU Ke-jian, LU Ying, HUA Zu-lin, KY Sereyvatanak, GU Li, LIU Xiao-dong, XU Long-long
The release-adsorption dynamic characteristics of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) regulated by the vertical circulations at the sediment-water interface were examined through laboratory experiments with sediment samples collected from Shiwuli River estuary in Chaohu Lake. Potential effects of circulation intensity on the migration behavior of DIP from the sediments were discussed. Results showed that: the vertical circulation leaded to the increases of dissolved oxygen (DO) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the overlying water, with elevated disturbance intensities causing high equilibrium concentrations, however, the values of median diameter (D50) were noted with a decreasing trend; the quantity of DIP released from sediment showed a clear Λ-type trend in terms of time under the disturbance of vertical circulations, of which the peak values were found positively correlated with the disturbance intensities (P=0.047<0.05), and the equilibrium concentrations were negatively correlated (P=0.034<0.05); increase of circulatory disturbance would enhance the adsorption of DIP by sediment, based on which, a modified Freundlich equation covering the hydrodynamic effect was constructed: lgQe=2.7074e1.3487τ+0.9463e-1.4830τlgCe.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2843-2852 [Abstract] ( 314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 998KB] ( 835 )
2853 Fractions of phosphorus, iron and sulfur in lake sediments of Chaohu and its implication for environmental changes
CHEN Xi, NING Cheng-wu, WANG Jie, HUANG Tao, SUN Qing-ye
Fractions of phosphorus, iron and sulfur in the surface sediments and two sediment profiles from Chaohu lake were analyzed to study their implication for the spatio-temporal environmental changes. Sedimentary records of total phosphorus (TP) in S3 sediment profile indicated an increasing pollution inputs from anthropogenic activities in the western lake since 1960s. The increase of watershed terrestrial runoff inputs indicated by calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) was earlier than the domestic sewage inputs indicated by iron/aluminum-bound phosphorus (Fe/Al-P) in sediments. The synchronous increasing of organic matter and pH in the layer of 15~0cm in S3 sediment indicated an increasing lake primary productivity as well as the intensity of photosynthesis. Fractions of phosphorus in S7 profile, however, indicated different environmental changes in eastern lake. Fe(II) was the main fraction of total active iron in Chaohu lake sediments; the ratios of Fe(III)/Fe(II) in S3 and S7 profiles show an synchronous trend with Fe(III), indicating that the change of Fe(III)/Fe(II) was driven by Fe(III). Ratios of Fe(III)/Fe(II) indicated a weak oxidation condition for the upper sediment layer and reduction for the down layer in both of the S3 and S7 profiles. Acid volatile sulfur (AVS) was the main form of the reduced inorganic sulfur (RIS) in Chaohu lake sediments. High organic matter, low elemental sulfur and strong reducing condition in Chaohu lake sediments restricted the transformations of AVS to pyrite sulfur (CRS). The P- and S-bound iron proportioned only a very small part for the total iron in the sediments of Chaohu lake. The high ratios of Fe/P and Fe/S in the sediments of Chaohu lake weakened the release of internal phosphorus, and thus the correlation of P, Fe and S was insignificant on the whole.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2853-2861 [Abstract] ( 321 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 590KB] ( 868 )
2862 Analysis on the vertical mixing structure of Xiangxi River during early winter
YANG Zhong-yong, QIAN Men-liang, JI Dao-bin, ZHOU Zhe-xuan, YAO Shi-min, FAN Zhong-ya
Based on the measured data of hydrology and meteorology at the Xiangxi River Xiakou site from November 29 to December 15, 2018, the vertical mixed structure of the water body during a typical cooling process in the early winter of the Xiangxi River and the heat at the water-air interface were discussed, including the contribution mechanism of flux and wind stress. The vertical mixing structure of Xiangxi River during this period showed significant weak layering during the day and strong mixing at night, and the daytime layering period was quite short, only occurred around noon within 4 hours. The contribution of the energy input or dissipation process at the water-air interface to the stratified mixing process of the water body was significantly greater than the mechanical disturbance effect of the wind stress on the water body. Solar short-wave radiation was the main contribution for the surface water body to absorb heat during the day and thereby stratify the driving force, long-wave radiation was dominant in the heat release process during night. The latent heat and sensible heat processes also played a non-negligible role in the heat release process of the water body. The influence of wind stress on the mixing mode of the water body by mechanical disturbance was mainly concentrated in the surface water body has extremely limited impact on the middle and lower layers, but it could significantly enhance the mixing characteristics of the water body by affecting the latent heat and sensible heat. Due to the low water temperature of the Xiangxi River during the study period, the evaporation heat release was small, and the water-temperature difference was relatively low. Larger, the turbulent energy flux driven by wind stress through sensible heat was slightly larger than latent heat.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2862-2870 [Abstract] ( 242 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2896KB] ( 709 )
2871 Research of the methylation and biological response of exogenous mercury in mariculture sediments
WANG Shu-ping, SONG Yu-mei, LIU Shuang, GUO Peng-ran
By simulation of mariculture environment and Nereis diversicolor as benthic, the methylation of Mercury (Hg), accumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) and the oxidative stress of Nereis diversicolor were studied under the existence of Hg(NO3)2. The results showed that mercury could be transformed to methylmercury by both Nereis diversicolor and the environment, especially in that with Nereis diversicolor. The concentration of MeHg in the sediments with Nereis diversicolor was 1.93 times that without Nereis diversicolor. With increasing of the external input mercury concentration and exposure time, the concentration of MeHg increased and the accumulation rate decreases gradually in benthic body. The concentration of methylmercury in Nereis diversicolor body was 0.007~0.079mg/kg that was 31.20%~86.90% of Total mercury. The activity of SOD and CAT, the concentration of GSH and MDA in the Nereis diversicolor were significantly correlated with exposed time and Hg concentration. Compared with inorganic Hg, Methylmercury could cause more oxidative stress and had stronger biotoxicity. The defense limit of the oxidative stress system of the silkworm would be broken, when the concentration of external input mercury exceeds 0.5mg/kg in the sediment.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2871-2880 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 470KB] ( 1307 )
2881 Characteristics and driving factors of spatiotemporal succession of macrozoobenthos in Poyang Lake
ZOU Liang-hua, ZOU Wei, ZHANG Qing-ji, LI Ying, GONG Zhi-jun, ZHANG Yan-jie, LU Shun-bao, CAI Yong-jiu
Macrozoobenthos community and environmental variables were investigated at 133 sites in Poyang Lake in July 2019. The relationships between macrozoobenthic community structure and environmental factors were examined. A total of 48 species belonging to 7 classes, 16 orders, 22 families and 38 genera were recorded. The average density and biomass of macrozoobenthos were 158.38 ind/m2 and 173.76g/m2, respectively, mainly dominated by Corbicula fluminea,Parafossarulus eximius and Bellamya aeruginosa. In terms of spatial patterns, the whole lake was divided into five areas, including northern, northwest, central, eastern and southern lake areas. One-way ANOVA analysis detected significant differences of physicochemical variables among the five lake areas, while no significant differences in sediment parameters. The community structure of benthic animals among the five lake areas also varied significantly as indicated by one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Regarding to biodiversity indexes, significantly higher values in northern lake were found than those in other lake areas. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) showed that water depth, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, loss on ignition, and sediment type were significantly related to the community structure of macrozoobenthos. In the long term, the biodiversity of macrozoobenthos in Poyang Lake has declined significantly compared with those in their historical condition, with the dominated species changed from large molluscs to small molluscs and insects. Sand mining, changes in hydrological conditions and decline of aquatic vegetation were the main environmental factors regulating the spatiotemporal succession of the macrozoobenthic community structure in Poyang Lake.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2881-2892 [Abstract] ( 464 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2909KB] ( 1550 )
2893 Effect of nitrogen to phosphorus ratio on parameter sensitivity of lake eutrophication model
WANG Yu-lin, WANG Liang, HUA Zu-lin, CHEN Dan, CHENG Hao-miao, LI Jia, CHENG Ji-lin, LIU Fang
The Morris method was used to study the sensitivity parameter of cyanobacteria, dissolved organic carbon, nutrients and dissolved oxygen in Chaohu Lake eutrophication model under different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios during the cyanobacteria blooms. As results shown, sensitivity parameters of cyanobacteria were significance different with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. In the case of nitrogen deficiency, cyanobacteria were more sensitive to the parameters of the nitrogen conversion process, and the converse was true in the case of phosphorus deficiency. Under different ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus, non-biological variables such as dissolved organic carbon, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen were more sensitive to the parameters directly related to their own transformation process. Parameters related to the metabolism of cyanobacteria had a greater influence on all variables than that of the growth process. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the sensitivity of the parameters that were tested and the strength of the interaction. This was especially true in the case of extreme nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency. These results would be helpful for understanding lake eutrophication and improve the simulation effect and accuracy of eutrophication models.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2893-2901 [Abstract] ( 349 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 717KB] ( 1273 )
2902 Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of amino acids in the green tide outbreak area of Ulva prolifera in the South Yellow Sea
GAO Xin-peng, JING Yu-ting, SU Rong-guo, SHI Xiao-yong
According to the distinct growth phases of green tides, the green tides development area of Ulva prolifera was divided into two regions: south of 35°N and north of 35°N. The survey data of the South Yellow Sea in two cruises in the spring and summer of 2018 were used to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of total dissolved amino acids (TDAA) and dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) in these two regions. The results revealed that concentrations of TDAA and DFAA showed a decreasing distribution from inshore (high) to offshore (low). In the area south of 35°N, the TDAA concentrations increased from spring to summer by 24.8% in the surface seawater and 60.6% in the middle layer seawater, respectively. However, in the area north of 35°N, the TDAA concentration was decreased by 8.7% overall, and decreased by 30.1% in the surface seawater. The uptake and utilization of DON by Ulva prolifera might be an important reason for the TDAA concentration decrease in the seawater with low DIN concentration in the area north of 35°N, which suggested that small molecular organic nitrogen, such as amino acids, played a key role in the late-stage green tide development of Ulva prolifera.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2902-2909 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2536KB] ( 1019 )
2910 Temporal and spatial characteristics of methane flux and its influencing factors in a typical aquaculture pond
JIA Lei, ZHANG Mi, PU Yi-ni, ZHAO Jia-yu, WANG Jiao, XIE Yan-hong, ZHANG Zhen, XIAO Wei, SHI Jie, QIU Ji-li
Applied the multi-channel closed dynamic floating chamber, the spatial and temporal variations of CH4 flux and its impact factors in an aquaculture pond were identified. The results showed that ebullition was the major transport pathway of CH4 emission. CH4 diffusion flux and ebullition flux had visible seasonal variation. The CH4 diffusion flux was 0.113, 0.830, 0.002 and 0.005 μmol/(m2·s) in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The ebullition flux was 0.923, 1.789, 0.006 and 0.007μmol/(m2·s) in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The ratio of the ebullition flux to the total flux was 89.04%、68.29%、78.95% and 60.52% respectively in the four seasons. The total CH4 flux also exhibited spatial variations within the pond. In winter and spring, artificial managements were not performed. The total CH4 flux increased with increase of offshore distance. The total CH4 flux was 34.7 and 2.98 times higher in the middle area of the pond than that in the shallow water area close to bank in winter and spring, respectively. But, during breeding period in summer, the spatial pattern of CH4 flux was related to artificial managements. The total CH4 flux showed the following sequence: artificial feeding zone (7.371μmol/(m2·s))>natural growth zone (2.151μmol/(m2·s)) >artificial oxygenation zone (0.888μmol/(m2·s)) > shallow water zone along the shore (0.206μmol/(m2·s)). At the half hourly scale, CH4 diffusion flux positively correlated with water temperature and negatively correlated with wind speed significantly in spring. In autumn, CH4 diffusion flux positively correlated with water temperature and wind speed.CH4 ebullition flux positively correlated with water temperature significantly. At the daily scale, water temperature was the main impacting factor of CH4 diffusion flux and ebullition flux. Both of the fluxes increased exponentially with the increase of water temperature. The water temperature sensitivity(Q10) of ebullition flux was higher than that of diffusive flux. The Q10 was 12.72 and 7.78, respectively.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2910-2922 [Abstract] ( 287 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 835KB] ( 2210 )
Environmental Toxicology and Health
2923 Role of the PPARγ/UCP2 in learning and memory impairment induced by formaldehyde
ZHENG Li-fang, XIAO Jia-li, YUAN Pei-xin, CHEN Bo-qi, MEI Qiong, CHI Yu-yao, LV Ke, LI Rui
To investigate the possible role of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ/uncoupling protein 2(PPARγ/UCP2) in learning and memory impairment induced by formaldehyde(FA), C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into different groups including control group, T0070907group(inhibitor group), 3mg/m3 FA group, 3mg/m3 FA+T0070907 group. After 21 days of continuous exposure to FA or other treatments in the experiment, mouse brain tissue was taken to determine brain index and before being homogenized for the detection of a series of physiological indices such as reactive oxygen species(ROS), glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), nuclear factor κB(NF-κB), interleukin-6(IL-6), PPARγ, UCP-2, as well as the determination of pathological changes by observing the Nissl stained brain tissue. The results showed that compared with those of mice in the control group, the cerebral cortex neurons of the mice were damaged in the T0070907group and the 3mg/m3 FA group, the content of GSH decreased, and the levels of ROS, MDA, NF-κB, and IL-6 increased, with even more severe results were found in mice from the 3mg/m3 FA+T0070907 group. In addition, compared with the control group, the contents of PPARγ and UCP2 decreased in the brain tissue of mice in the T0070907 group, while increased in those from the 3mg/m3 FA group; compared with those of mice from the 3mg/m3 FA group, the contents of PPARγ and UCP2 decreased in the brain tissue of mice from the 3mg/m3 FA+T0070907 group after the inhibitor was administered. The content of PPARγ/UCP2 decreased after addition of T0070907, the inhibitor of PPARγ, which aggravated the learning and memory impairment in mice induced by FA exposure, therefore PPARγ/UCP2 may be protective to mice from the learning and memory impairment induced by FA.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2923-2931 [Abstract] ( 286 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 985KB] ( 856 )
2932 Effects of [C8mim]Cl on apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in HepG2 cells
ZHANG Bang-jun, TU Zhen-peng, FENG Yi-yi, LIU Yang, LIXiao-yu
In order to explore whether ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl) can induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) pathway, HepG2 cells were treated with 0,50,100,200μmol/L [C8mim]Cl for 24h based on the MTT cell viability assay. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and western blot was used to assay the expressions of ERS related proteins. The results showed that [C8mim]Cl increased the apoptosis in HepG2 cells with a concentration-dependent manner. [C8mim]Cl significantly increased the expressions of ERS related proteins, including glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and ATF6. [C8mim]Cl also significantly induced the expressions of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase 4 protein, lead to the increase of caspase 9 and caspase 3 activities. Therefore, [C8mim]Cl could induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through ERS pathway.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2932-2938 [Abstract] ( 222 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 927KB] ( 895 )
2939 Research progress in male reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A analogues
LI Hong-mei, XIONG Yi-ming, XU Hai-ming, LI Yuan-yuan, LI Jin-bo, QIN Zhan-fen
This paper examined studies on bisphenol analogues and male reproductive toxicity with the focus on analyzing the data involving toxic effects of bisphenol analogues on the testis and organization structure, weight and histological structure of epididymis, hormone levels and sperm parameters in mammals, and investigating several essays about fish and amphibian animal research. All BPA analogues had reproductive hazards in these animals regardless of dose, mode of exposure, or species of animals, which suggested that these BPA analogues had more significant male reproductive toxicity than that of BPA on which researches were still debating. However, the majority of data points on the male reproductive toxicity of BPA analogues was limited from a few laboratories and quality control was also hard to discern. Therefore, to obtain more reliable and repeatable results, the findings on male reproductive toxicity of BPA analogues need to be verified by more laboratories, and the quality of animal experiments should be strictly controlled.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2939-2945 [Abstract] ( 295 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 323KB] ( 1177 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
2946 Comprehensive evaluation of VOCs processing technology based on entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process
ZHANG Ya-qing, WANG Xiang, MENG Fan-rong, ZHANG Wen-rui, JIAO Tian-tian, ZHANG Hua-wei, LIANG Peng
Aiming at the VOCs control technology used in chemical industry, the 4primary factors of environment, economy, management, and technology and 13 secondary factors were comprehensively considered to evaluate VOCs control technologies commonly used in chemical enterprises. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process was established for quantitatively analyze, and 9kinds of VOCs elimination technologies were evaluated. The selection method of VOCs control technologies, and the construction and evaluation method of index system were described. Finally, taking the chemical enterprises in Qingdao, Shandong Province as an example, the resolution process and evaluation results of the model were given. The results showed that catalytic combustion technology had significant environmental and economic advantages, while thermal incineration technology performed better in economic aspects. Considering the 4aspects of environment, economy, management and technology, the comprehensive evaluation results of VOCs emission control technology were as follows: catalytic combustion > thermal incineration > photocatalysis ≈ adsorption condense combustion > plasma > membrane separation > adsorption > condensation > biodegradation > absorption.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2946-2955 [Abstract] ( 319 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 667KB] ( 1288 )
2956 Influencing factors of policy diffusion of river chief system based on event history analysis of 31 provinces
MEI Zheng-wu, LIU Wen-zhang, SUN Yu-dong
Using the event history analysis (EHA) model, we conducted an empirical study on the diffusion of river chief system (RCS) policy at the provincial level from 2010 to 2016. The RCS policy was more likely to be adopted by provinces with more serious water pollution. Specifically, on average, a one-unit increase in per capita water pollution emission increased the odds of RCS policy adoption by 30.2%; but the effect of water pollution on the adoption of RCS policy was negatively moderated by the fiscal self-financing rate. Under same water pollution level, provinces with low fiscal self-financing rate were more likely to adopt the RCS policy. Provincial governments were more likely to adopt the RCS policy in the years when the party congresses were held. The adoption of the RCS policy in a certain province did not have a significant impact on the horizontal policy diffusion across its neighboring provinces.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2956-2963 [Abstract] ( 220 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 418KB] ( 1031 )
2964 Economic returns of environmental factors: environmental benefit, quantitative estimation and benefits incidence
MA Ben, LIU Tong-yi, MA Zhong
To estimate the environmental benefit and its distribution and understand the complex coupling links between economic growth and environmental protection, this paper estimated the cost models of pollution control process of industrial wastewater and waste gas based on a firm-level panel dataset from 2011 to 2013 by matching the Chinese industrial enterprise database and the environmental statistics database. The total environmental benefits of industries in China were obtained through estimation and aggregation by both sub-industry and pollutant. And then constrained regression model were employed to estimate the distribution of environmental benefits among corporate profits, employee wages and government taxes. We found that the total annual environmental benefits of China’s industry were nearly 900-billion-yuan, accounting for 2% and 5% of corresponding GDP and industrial added value, respectively. About 70% of total environmental benefits were generated by energy-intensive industries. In terms of benefit incidence, residents were proved to be primary beneficiaries who obtain about 80% of the total benefits. The government was the second largest beneficiary, while the share going into industrial profits was less than 3%. Nearly 25% of industrial wages came from environmental benefits and the figure reaches 50% for energy-intensive industries. The findings of this paper indicated that utilization of environmental resources was one of key drivers for economic growth, and more strict environmental regulation in industries might lead to asymmetric adjustment regarding benefit pattern with wage level and employment being the first to be affected. Accordingly, suggestions were proposed to establish interest balancing mechanism to coordinate partial interests with integral interests and short-term interests with long-term interests in the process of pursuing green development in China.
2021 Vol. 41 (6): 2964-2976 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 683KB] ( 1052 )
中国环境科学
  News
More>>  
  下载中心
   Instruction
   Template
   Copyright Agreement
More>>  
  Links
   Ministry of Land and
　  Resources of the People,s
　  Republic of China
    CNKI
    WANFANG DATA
    CNPITC
More>>  
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
Links： China Association for Science and Technology　Chinese Society For Environmental Sciences　CNKI　WANGFANG DATA
Copyright © 2010 Editorial By China Environmental Science　　Support by Beijing Magtech Co.ltd, E-mail:support@magtech.com.cn