Source apportionment of water-soluble ions in spring TSP of Pengjia Islet, Taiwan
LUO Li1,3, GAO Shu-Ji2, XIAO Hua-Yun1,3, XIAO Hong-Wei1,3, WANG Yan-Li4
1. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; 3. School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; 4. Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract：In spring of 2010, sixty total suspended particulate (TSP) samples we collected in Pengjia Islet, northern sea of Taiwan, China. The concentrations of water-soluble ions (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-) in the TSP samples were extracted and then determined using an Ion Chromatography. Using these data, we investigated the sources of water-soluble ions by a multiple-technique analysis combining with the HYSPLIT model, ion stoichiometry, correlation analysis of water-soluble ions and primary component analysis. According to a decreasing order in the average mass concentration, these ions ranked as SO42- (7.70±4.53)μg/m3, Cl- (6.17±3.85)μg/m3, Na+ (4.59±2.28)μg/m3, NO3- (4.24±3.07)μg/m3, NH4+ (1.53±1.20)μg/m3, Ca2+ (0.95±1.47)μg/m3, Mg2+ (0.59±0.30)μg/m3 and K+ (0.31±0.17)μg/m3. The sea water was identified as the dominant source for Cl-, Na+ and Mg2+. Besides the contribution from the sea salt, the K+ had other sources, such as coal and biomass burning, and mineral etc. 60% Ca2+ came from the local construction dust, while 77% SO42- originated from coal and biomass burning. The NO3- dominantly sourced from the vehicle exhaust, coal and biomass burning, while NH4+ totally originated from the second inorganic aerosol and biomass burning. By combining our results with previous findings, in spring, the concentrations of Cl-, Na+ and Mg2+ in TSP increased gradually from the Northeast of China to the Northwest Pacific Ocean; on the contrary, the Ca2+, K+, NH4+, SO42- and NO3- in TSP decreased gradually. The spatial characteristics of different water-soluble ions in TSP were associated with their long-range transport in the marine boundary layer.
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