Abstract：In order to assess the artificial radioactivity level in China, 137Cs contents in soil and plant samples were analysed by anti-Compton HPGe γ spectrometry, with Monte-Carlo method used to correct the detection efficiency for samples with different geometry and density. The analysis results showed that the highest artificial radioactivity of soil samples was observed for Hami region in the northwest with a specific activity of 29.9Bq/kg, followed by the Hanwula region in the northeast with a specific activity of 24.6Bq/kg; The relatively high level zone was a band of about 3000km long and 200km wide from Hami to Hanwula, basically same as the transporting route of the radioactive clouds from the atmospheric nuclear tests in the upwind test sites in the last century. Beyond this band, the 137Cs level of the soil was very low. However, the 137Cs content in all the soil samples lies in the range of the global fallout with the most probable specific activity was 1.74Bq/kg. The 137Cs level in plant samples was very low overall, most of which was lower than 1.5Bq/kg. A few high values were observed for Yunnan, Henan Province, where the exchangeable 137Cs content of soil samples are probably rather high.
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