典型峨眉山玄武岩区土壤重金属含量特征及污染风险评价

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摘要为探究峨眉山玄武岩对土壤重金属含量的影响程度,选择具有典型峨眉山玄武岩分布区的云南省昭通市为研究对象,结合地质背景资料,对区内7104份土壤样品中的8种重金属元素含量特征、污染风险及来源进行分析和评价.结果显示,峨眉山玄武岩区表层土壤中Cu和Cd元素明显富集,分别达到中国土壤背景值的7.20和6.63倍;对比我国农用地土壤污染风险管控标准,除Hg外,其余7种重金属元素均存在污染风险;从污染程度空间分布看,与地质背景耦合性较好的元素为Cu、Cd、As、Pb、Zn,污染程度较高的重金属元素为Cd和Cu;主成分分析结果表明,Cu主要来源于峨眉山玄武岩的地质背景,Cr和Ni为与峨眉山玄武岩共生的超基性岩风化成因,Cd、Pb、Zn高含量主要源于人类矿业开发、机动车尾气排放等,同时受地质背景影响;As和Hg除来源于地质背景、人类活动外,还受到土壤理化性质和有机质的影响.

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关键词 ：峨眉山玄武岩, 土壤, 重金属, 主成分分析, 风险评价, 富集因子法

Abstract：To investigate the extent of the influence of Emeishan basalt on soil heavy metal content, the study focused on Zhaotong in Yunnan Province, which is located in a typical distribution area of Emeishan basalt. By combining geological data, the characteristics, pollution risk, and sources of eight heavy metal elements in 7104 soil samples within the region were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the surface soil in the Emeishan basalt area is significantly enriched in Cu and Cd, reaching 7.20 and 6.63 times the background values of Chinese soil, respectively. Compared to the risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land, except for Hg, the other seven heavy metal elements posed a pollution risk. In terms of spatial distribution of pollution level, Cu, Cd, As, Pb, and Zn were closely associated with the natural source, with Cd and Cu being the highly contaminated heavy metal elements. PCA indicated that Cu mainly originated from the geological parent materials of Emeishan basalt, while Cr and Ni were associated with weathering of coexisting ultrabasic rocks with Emeishan basalt. Cd, Pb, and Zn at high concentrations primarily resulted from human mining activities and vehicle exhaust emissions, as well as being influenced by the geological background. As and Hg were influenced not only by parent material and human activities but also by soil physicochemical properties and organic matter.

Key words： meishan basalt soil heavy metals principal component analysis risk assessment enrichment factor

收稿日期: 2023-05-06

PACS:

X53

基金资助:地球化学调查与观测(DD20230623);乌蒙山区土地质量地球化学调查(DD20190522)

通讯作者: 徐仁廷,高级工程师,xrenting@mail.cgs.gov.cn E-mail: xrenting@mail.cgs.gov.cn

作者简介: 韩伟(1985-),男,河北保定人,高级工程师,硕士,主要研究方向为环境地球化学和勘查地球化学.发表论文20余篇.hanwei@mail.cgs.gov.cn.

引用本文:

韩伟, 徐仁廷, 王乔林. 典型峨眉山玄武岩区土壤重金属含量特征及污染风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(12): 6500-6508. HAN Wei, XU Ren-ting, WANG Qiao-lin. Characteristics of heavy metal content and pollution risk assessment in the soil of typical Emeishan Basalt Area. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(12): 6500-6508.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I12/6500

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