集中式环境执法体制改革的环境治理效应——基于192个城市的“准实验”

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摘要传统的环境执法体制存在执法碎片化与整体性治理的张力,地方保护主义与严格环境执法的张力,信息结构不对称与精准治理的张力,导致了环境规制宽松和环境质量恶化.为此,中央政府实施了集中式环境执法体制改革.从职能､权力和信息结构出发,发现改革的理论逻辑在于职能整合破解碎片化张力,权力重塑遏制地方干预,技术赋能实现全景敞视监督.基于此,构建了包含192个地级市的2013～2022年年度面板数据,通过倍差法研究发现,集中式环境执法体制改革显著促进严格了环境执法,改革后样本城市环境行政处罚数量增加了49.8%.但是,改革的效果受经济因素的影响,样本城市越临近西部地区,改革对环境执法的积极影响越被抑制.进一步分析发现,改革产生了显著的空气质量改善效应,随着改革的实施, PM_2.5､PM₁₀和SO₂浓度显著下降.本文为做好环境执法体制改革的“后半篇”文章,理解集中式环境规制体制的积极效果提供了有益启示.

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关键词 ：环境执法体制改革, 环境集权, 倍差法, 环境执法, 空气质量

Abstract：The traditional environmental enforcement framework is fraught with conflicts stemming from the dichotomy between fragmented enforcement and integrated governance, the tension between local protectionism and stringent environmental regulation, and the disparity between imbalanced information structures and the need for precise governance. These conflicts have led to weakened environmental regulation and a concomitant decline in environmental quality. In response, the Chinese central government has initiated a centralized environmental enforcement system reform (EESR). The theoretical underpinnings of this reform are rooted in the integration of functions to mitigate the fragmentation, the reconfiguration of power to prevent local interference, and the leveraging of technology to facilitate comprehensive and transparent oversight. Based on this, we have constructed annual panel data for 192 prefecture-level cities spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, we found that EESR has significantly led to stricter environmental enforcement, with a post-EESR increase of 49.8% in environmental administrative penalties levied by cities. However, economic factors would modulate the efficacy of the EESR. Cities closer to the western regions exhibit a less pronounced positive impact of the reform on environmental enforcement. Further analysis indicated that the EESR has had a significant positive effect on air quality, with substantial reductions in concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ following its implementation. This study offers guidance for the further development and improvement of the EESR in later stages, as well as insights into understanding the positive effects of a centralized environmental control system.

Key words： environmental enforcement system reform environmental centralization Difference-in-Differences (DID)approach environmental enforcement air quality

收稿日期: 2024-08-09

PACS:

X32

基金资助:西安交通大学青年拔尖人才项目(11304222010705)

作者简介: 汤瑜(1995-),男,江苏淮安人,西安交通大学博士研究生,主要从事环境经济学研究.发表论文10余篇.tangyu_xjtu@stu.xjtu.edu.cn.

引用本文:

汤瑜, 刘哲, 陶小垒. 集中式环境执法体制改革的环境治理效应——基于192个城市的“准实验”[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(3): 1745-1753. TANG Yu, LIU Zhe, TAO Xiao-lei. The environmental governance effect of the centralized environmental enforcement system reform: A quasi-experiment based on 192 cities. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(3): 1745-1753.

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