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  Current Issue
 
2023 Vol.43 Issue.S1,Published 2023-12-31
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Carbon Emission Control
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2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 62 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 239KB] ( 277 )
Air Pollution Control
1 Evolution of urban air pollution and typical pollution processes in the Fenwei Plain-Taking Baoji City as an example
SHI Ying-qiang, QU Yao, SHI Ju-lian, LIU Sui-xin, WANG Lu-yao, WANG Nan, ZHOU Yue, ZHANG Ting, SU Hui, ZHU Chong-shu, CAO Jun-ji
The evolution of urban air pollution and typical pollution characteristics during the past five years (2017~2021) in the western Fenwei Plain (Baoji City) were investigated. The air quality has been improved significantly from 2017 to 2021 in Baoji City. The concentrations of PM2.5, CO-95 per (the 95th percentile of the daily concentrations of CO) and SO2 decreased by 24%, 47% and 36%, respectively, which indicated that the control of coal combustion was effective in Baoji City. The inter-annual variations of O3-8h-90 per (the 90th percentile of the daily concentrations of O3-8h) were comparable. The pollution of O3 should be given more consideration. The correlations between PM2.5 and Ox showed higher significance in summer than that in winter. High O3 concentrations can contribute to the enhancement of atmospheric oxidation and thus promote the formation of secondary aerosol in summer. The serious PM2.5 pollution were attributed to the low temperature, high humidity and low wind speed in winter, while those for O3 pollution were high temperature and low humidity in summer. Two typical pollution events were discussed with PM2.5 (pollution 1) and PM10 (pollution 2) as primary pollutant, respectively. The concentrations of EC (element carbon) and SNA (SO42-, NO3- and NH4+) increased significantly in pollution 1, which was attributed to the enhanced local emissions and secondary components. Due to the transport of dust, the concentrations of Al, Si, Ca, Fe and other crustal elements increased significantly in pollution 2. The largest contributors to PM2.5 were SNA (52%) and dust (65%) in the two pollution processes, respectively.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 68 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1662KB] ( 602 )
10 Characteristics and mechanism of high voltage discharge plasma enhanced multiple metal catalyst for degrading para-xylene
LI Jun-chao, TANG Xiu-jun, LI Jun-hang, CAI Wei-jian, LI Ji-wu
The Mn-Co-La-Ce/Al2O3, Mn-Co-Ce/Al2O3 and Mn-La-Ce/Al2O3 multiple metal catalysts were prepared by impregnation, respectively. The characterization of the Mn-Co-La-Ce/Al2O3 in before and after the reaction were performed using BET, XPS, O2-TPD, and FT-IR. The catalytic degradation efficiency of p-xylene in the discharge non-thermal plasma (NTP) synergistic catalytic system were studied. The effects of catalytic reaction conditions (initial concentration, oxygen content, and gas-flow rate) on degradation efficiency were investigated. The organic by-products of degradation for NTP cooperative catalyst were analyzed by using GC-MS, and the degradation mechanism of NTP synergistic catalytic system was discussed. The results show that the plasma will increase the strength of the lattice oxygen release on the surface of the catalyst. La doping in multiple catalysts can improve the binding energy of Oads and Olat of the catalyst, with Oads accounting for 54.67%, and improve the Oads content of the catalyst by up to 1.24%. Compared with the NTP alone, the degradation efficiency of the NTP synergistic multiple catalyst was increased by more than 50%, and the CO2 selectivity was also increased by about 30%. In the NTP synergistic Mn-Co-La-Ce catalytic reaction, the effect of initial concentration, gas volume and oxygen content on degradation efficiency was negatively correlated, and the effect of voltage on degradation efficiency was positively correlated, which can effectively inhibit the production amount of by-products such as O3 and NOx. It is speculated that there are three main pathways for the degradation mechanism of NTP synergistic catalysts. The results can provide some theoretical support for the NTP synergistic catalyst for degradation of p-xylene.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 10-19 [Abstract] ( 56 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1175KB] ( 454 )
20 CO2 satellite inversion methocl based on machine learning
MIAO Yun-fei, ZOU Ming-min, SHENG Shu-li, ZHU Ke-wei, DING Wen-qiao, LIN Jun-jie, QU Zheng, LI Da-cheng
For the physical retrieval method of CO2 from satellite observation in short-wave infrared band, the iterative inverse process is prone to non-convergence due to the nonlinear radiation transfer equation and the difficulty in accurately obtaining atmospheric state parameters in actual observation, which makes it impossible to obtain accurate CO2 retrieval. Based on the advantages of machine learning model in data analysis and prediction learning, a new retrieval method using machine learning was proposed. The training data set was constructed including observed radiance, aerosol optical thickness and temperature. The feedforward neural network and quantitative conjugate gradient algorithm are used for training and learning to develop the new retrieval model. Then, the CO2 concentration was retrieved using GOSAT observations. Validation of satellite retrieval is made by comparing with measurements from TCCON sites. Comparison shows that the correlation was better than 0.86, and the mean bias is less than 2.5x10-6, which prove effectivity of the new retrieval method.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 20-27 [Abstract] ( 94 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 949KB] ( 606 )
28 Research progress on spatiotemporal distribution of carbonaceous aerosols in China
QI Shao-feng, ZHAO Su-ping, YIN Dai-ying, YU Ye, HE Jian-jun
By sorting out the research results related to carbonaceous aerosols in recent years in China, the spatiotemporal distribution and climate effect of carbonaceous aerosols in China were systematically summarized. Through the collection of existing offline observation data, it is found that the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 in field observation points were less than 5μg/m3 and 1μg/m3 respectively, and the OC concentration in urban ranges from 3.78 to 30μg/m3 (the average value was 11.98 μg/m3), the mass concentration range of EC was 0.69~10μg/m3 (the average value was 3.93μg/m3),and the high value are mainly distributed in the Hu Huanyong Line (Heihe-Tengchong Line) and the north regions, such as the northeast region, the Fenwei Plain region, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Lanzhou Basin and Sichuan Basin. At the same time, OC/EC and SOC/OC in PM2.5 had similar trends with altitude. Carbonaceous aerosols in the different heights within boundary layer had varying effects. Carbonaceous aerosol at upper layer of the boundary layer could inhibit the development of the boundary layer through the radiation effect, while those near the surface can promote the development of the boundary layer.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 28-37,384 [Abstract] ( 96 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1258KB] ( 683 )
38 VOCs emission characteristics, environmental and health impact assessment of asphalt pavement materials
WANG Wei-wei, CHANG Shuai-shuai, KONG Wei-bing, GAO Ying, GONG Guan-yu, WANG Chao
Asphalt binders VOCs emissions were simulated in the laboratory to study its emission characteristics, ozone generation, secondary organic aerosol generation, and health risk assessment. The results showed that the main components of asphalt binders VOCs were alkanes and OVOCs, and n-undecane, n-dodecane, acetaldehyde, and heptanal were the high-emission species of asphalt binders VOCs. OVOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons are the main contributors to the formation of ozone, and alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons are the main contributors to the formation of secondary organic aerosols in asphalt binders. Asphalt binders VOCs have obvious risks to human health, and the non-carcinogenic risk contributors are the m-Diethyl benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl benzene, and trans-2-ethylene, the contributing substances of carcinogenic risk are benzene, acetaldehyde, and trichloroethylene.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 38-45 [Abstract] ( 90 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 587KB] ( 536 )
46 Study on the formation mechanism of an ozone pollution event in Northeast Qinghai
DOU Xiao-yan, GAO Hai-peng, CHEN Ke, ZHANG Zhi-jun, XU Xun, LI Ming-ge, TAO Jing-hua, CHEN Liang-fu
Based on surface observation, satellite and reanalysis data, an ozone pollution process from July 25th to August 3 rd, 2021 in northeast Qinghai was analyzed. The results showed that the ozone concentration of each site gradually increased since July 26 th. A large-scale persistent regional pollution evolved from July 30 th to August 2 nd, with the regional averaged ozone concentration 20.9% higher than the monthly average. On the one hand, the surface radiation of the region was strong during this period, the temperature rose significantly, and the average increase of the sites exceeded 10℃, which is conducive to photochemical reactions of the ozone production. At the same time, the surface diffusion conditions were poor due to the continuous weak wind speed, causing the accumulation of pollutants. On the other hand, the region was mainly controlled by strong downdraft on the upper air and decreased relative humidity at surface from July 26 th to 31 st. The ozone concentration increased significantly, with the concentration exceeding 170μg/m3 at 55.7% of the sites in the peak of pollution. The obvious effect of ozone vertical transport from the top of troposphere to near surface is the immediate cause of ozone pollution of the region.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 46-54 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3811KB] ( 602 )
55 The real road emission characteristics of China VI extended-range natural gas heavy buses
QIU Tao, ZHAO Ya-kun, GUO Dong-dong, LEI Yan, YANG Jang-long, CHEN Zen-xun
This paper conducted the real road emission test of a China VI extended-range natural gas (NG) hybrid heavy bus by using the PEMS (Portable Emission Test System), and analysed the vehicle emission characteristics based on both the emission factor and the distance average method. The specific emissions of CO, THC, and NOxof the experimental vehicle were 673.19mg/(kW ∙ h), 169.7mg/(kW ∙ h), and 53.23mg/(kW ∙ h), which were equivalent to 11.2%, 22.63%, and 7.72% of the China-VI limit values. The results showed that the emissions of the extended-range bus were significantly lower than the China-VI emission limit, and also better than those of traditional natural gas buses. This was because the NG engine maintained running at a constant speed during driving, avoiding frequent start-stop and dynamic operation conditions. The extended-range NG bus emissions were relatively higher during cold starting. During cold starting stage, the engine coolant temperature was relatively low and the engine sharply speeds up to quickly heat the aftertreatment device resulting in high transient gas pollutants, thus the specific emission value of each gas pollutant of the starting stage was higher than that of other stages. The relative peak emissions of CO and NOx in the vehicle driving stage were in dynamic working conditions, while the emissions of THC were concentrated in the steady-state working conditions of vehicles. The instantaneous emission rates of CO, NOx and THC under dynamic working conditions had a certain positive correlation trend with the CO2 change rate.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 55-61 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1157KB] ( 590 )
62 Estimation of fugitive dust emission from construction bare land in Beijing from 2018 to 2022
QIU Yun, LI Jin-xiang, ZHANG Li-kun, LI Ling-jun, LU Hai-feng, JIANG Lei
A method was established to obtain the parameters of bare land control rate and estimate construction bare land dust emission by using remote sensing data. The method was applied to the estimation of construction bare land dust pollution emission in Beijing from 2018 to 2022, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and formation causes were analyzed. The results show that the dust emission from construction bare land in Beijing was declining from more than 37000 tons to about 27000 tons from 2018 to 2022. The emission of construction dust decreased the most from 2019 to 2020, by 30%. Spring was the high-value period of fugitive dust emission from construction bare land, and the quarterly mean value of TSP emission from construction bare land was characterized by spring > winter > summer > autumn. The high level of dust emission in 2018was mainly due to the large area of construction bare land and the low bare land control rate at the early time of policy implementation. The main type of construction bare land came from demolition, which was mainly distributed in the southeast and part of urban and rural areas in the southwest, originating from the special action of "relieving, regulating, and promoting improvement" and the implementation of shantytown reconstruction and environmental improvement. The other part of construction bare land came from construction, such as Tongzhou sub-center construction area, Yanqing World Expo Park construction area, and Daxing Airport construction area. From July 2018 to June 2022, the overall downward trend of fugitive dust emissions from construction bare land in Beijing was mainly due to three reasons. First, during the shutdown period, the construction projects strengthened the coverage of bare land. Second, demolition bare land formed by dredging and regulation was transformed into ecological green land. Third, the area of the construction site was greatly reduced, mainly due to the completion of large-scale projects. In addition, affected by the epidemic situation, the overall volume of the construction site has not significantly increased after 2020. The application of control measures has a certain effect on the construction fugitive dust control, and the emission reduction efficiency increased month by month after the application of control measures. The emission reduction rate fluctuated between 12% and 17%, and the remote sensing can be used to achieve precise control of dust sources and strengthen the investigation of the implementation of control measures in construction bare land during the key period of air quality control.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 62-69 [Abstract] ( 57 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1066KB] ( 430 )
Water Pollution Control
70 Research progress on hydrogen production by co-fermentation of different substrates and sludge
SONG Hao-ming, REN Hong-yu, LIU Bing-feng, KONG Fan-ying, SONG Xue-ting, SONG Qing-qing, WANG Jia-hang, REN Nan-qi
This paper has reviewed the co-fermentation substrates that have been adopted in current researches, mainly including vinasse, crude glycerin, vinegar residue, food waste, ryegrass, fallen leaves, corn stalks, rice straw, rice husk, rice bran and algae, etc. summarized the mixing ratio and pretreatment methods of different substrates and sludge, analyzed and compared the effects of different substrates on sludge fermentation and hydrogen production, with a conclusion that vinasse and food waste are considered with higher potential in using as substrates. In this paper, the shortcomings of current researches have also been pointed out, and the research direction of co-fermentation has been prospected, to provide a guidance for the theoretical research and practical application of hydrogen production by co-fermentation.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 70-78 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 471KB] ( 488 )
79 Research progress of direct utilization of dissolved methane in anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater
XIAN Yun-chuan, SU Cheng-yuan, WANG Zi, LIU Sheng-tao, CHEN Zheng-peng, LIN Xiang-feng, ZHANG Yun-nan
Mainstream anaerobic wastewater treatment processes often produce dissolved methane (CH4) during operation, which can be released to exacerbate the greenhouse effect and cause energy wastage if not properly treated subsequently. It is important to utilize the dissolved CH4 produced during the anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater. The direct utilization of dissolved CH4, unlike removal and recovery, reduces the process of separating CH4 and has a better potential for net energy production. Generally, dissolved CH4 could be coupled by anaerobic oxidation of CH4 with the reduction of other pollutants in the wastewater, including sulfate, nitrate, and heavy metals; or converted it into proteins, biopolymers, methanol, and organic acids with higher commercial value. This review summarized and discussed the three methods of anaerobic methane oxidation, methane-driven microbial fuel cells, and value-added methane conversion, described their advantages and limitations, and summarized their developmental potential to provide ideas for the future development of the utilization of dissolved CH4 in anaerobic wastewater treatment.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 79-87 [Abstract] ( 64 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 507KB] ( 592 )
88 Removal of antibiotics and control of disinfection byproducts formation with VUV/UV/NaClO system
WANG Ying-ying, LIU Ya, MA De-fang, SHI Wei-ye, GAO Bao-yu
This study investigates the removal efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and the formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) during disinfection using the VUV/UV/NaClO process. The impact of various factors, including the light source, co-existing anions, and dissolved organic matter were examined. Anions (bromine ion, sulphate), low concentrations (£3mg/L, as TOC) of polysaccharides and proteins had limited effects on SMX degradation. However, at a high protein concentration (30mg/L, as TOC), the efficiency of SMX degradation decreased from 100% to 53.5%. Additionally, as the humic acid concentration increased from 0to 30mg/L, while SMX could still be completely degraded after 30minutes, the degradation rate and mineralization percentage decreased by 68% and 43.9%, respectively. The presence of bromine ions and humic acid significantly promoted the formation of HAAs. Compared to UV/NaClO, the VUV/UV/NaClO process exhibited similar SMX degradation performance but increased the mineralization percentage by 44%. Furthermore, it reduced the production and the toxicity risk value (TRV) of HAAs by 98% and 96.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the VUV/UV/NaClO process shows promise as an improved water disinfection method compared to UV/NaClO. It has significant potential for applications in wastewater reclamation.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 88-94 [Abstract] ( 78 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 911KB] ( 595 )
95 Effects of organic carbon on the biofilm process for source water pretreatment
SHEN Xing-yu, LIU Ya-lei, LV Mei-le, CHEN Dong-zhi, YANG Guang-feng
In order to explore the operation performance of the biofilm process for source water pretreatment and the response characteristics of the bacterial community to different organic carbon sources, two laboratory-scale source water biofilm pretreatment systems were constructed, using ethanol (reactor R1) and glucose (reactor R2) as organic carbon sources, respectively. Experimental results showed that the NH4+-N removal efficiency (ARE) of reactor R1(88.4%±4.6%) was higher and more stable than that of reactor R2 (84.9%±7.1%). Glucose and ethanol as organic carbon sources increased the CODMnremoval performance, but no significant difference was observed for the CODMn removal. The average CODMn removal efficiencies were 26.3%±15.4% and 26.4±15.9%, respectively. Ethanol as an organic carbon source increased the diversity of bacterial communities in the carrier biofilm, while glucose increased the diversity of bacterial communities in the sediment. Glucose increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the carrier biofilm (72.7%), which was 1.9 times of that in the carrier biofilm with ethanol as the organic carbon source. At the same time, ethanol as the organic carbon source enhanced the enrichment of dominant genera Arcobacter (32.0%) and Tolumonas (15.4 %) in biofilm, and the RA value is much higher than those of other samples.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 95-102 [Abstract] ( 64 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2094KB] ( 347 )
103 Optimization of simultaneous sulfide and nitrite removal process based on response surface methodology
WANG Kai-quan, LIANG Na, ZHU Xiao-peng, ZHANG Kai-yu, CAI Jing
The simultaneous sulfide and nitrite removal process was carried out in the EGSB reactor. Based on the response surface experimental design, the interaction effects of substrate concentration, HRT and circulation ratio on the performance of substrate removal and elemental sulfur yield were investigated, furthermore operating conditions of the process were optimized according to the model results. The results revealed that substrate concentration had a significant effect on the substrate removal performance and elemental sulfur yield of the process. High substrate concentration led to elemental sulfur formation but not to substrate removal, whereas increases in HRT and circulation ratio helped to mitigate the negative effects of high substrate concentration. In view of response surface model optimization, the optimal operating conditions of the process were: influent sulfide concentration of 640.00mg S/L, HRT of 2h and circulation ratio of 30, sulfide and nitrite removal percentage could reach (99.90%±0.03%) and 100.00%, and the elemental sulfur yield could reach (77.75%±0.84%).
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 103-109 [Abstract] ( 66 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 814KB] ( 409 )
110 Preparation and photocatalytic mechanism of N-doped porous carbon derived from ZIF-8
YU Xin-ning, JIANG Xin-tong, XU De-jun, ZHANG Jun, NI Zhang-song, WANG Mao, WANG Xin-long
ZIF-8 was prepared by solvothermal synthesis, and N-doped porous carbon was obtained by calcining in an inert atmosphere at 500~800oC. The influence of high temperature carbonization on the structure evolution of ZIF-8 and the enhancement mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue were systematically studied. The ZIF-8 particles collapsed and agglomerated after carbonization, forming Zn-C complex with graphite phase structure. The carbon layer, as a receptor, could rapidly transfer photogenerated electrons and inhibit electron hole pair recombination. At the same time, oxidized H-N-C=O and C-O functional groups were generated on the surface, which could promote the formation of free radicals in the photocatalytic reaction. C700/ZIF-8 had the highest transient photoelectric current density and the smallest electrochemical impedance, the spectral absorption range was extended to 200~900nm range. In addition, a great number of superoxide free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals were generated during the photocatalytic process, resulting in the highest methylene blue photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 97%.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 110-117 [Abstract] ( 92 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1214KB] ( 1139 )
Solid Waste
118 Effect of full reflux of biogas slurry on biogas production with agricultural wastes
CHEN Guang-yin, WANG En-hui, ZHENG Jia-wei, WU Pei, LIU Xu, FANG Cai-xia
To realize the reduction of biogas slurry from the source, the feasibility of full reflux of biogas slurry for biogas production with agricultural wastes was studied at a CSTR reactor. The results showed that, the pH value and EC of the biogas slurry increased continuously, the total nitrogen (TN) content decreased to a low level (only 110mg/L on day 132) during the anaerobic mono-digestion of rice straw, and the content of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) accumulated gradually after day 94. Meanwhile, the daily biogas yield decreased gradually, and which was only 50% of that in the stable biogas production period on day 104. Insufficient nitrogen is an important reason for the decrease in the daily biogas yield during the anaerobic mono-digestion of rice straw with full reflux of biogas slurry. The daily biogas yield increased rapidly after nitrogen supplement and was 1.5times higher than that before nitrogen supplementation. Compared to anaerobic mono-digestion of rice straw, the stability of anaerobic co-digestion system of wheat straw and pig manure was significantly enhanced and the daily biogas yield was more stable. However, after 105days of full reflux of biogas slurry, the contents of TN and TVFAs in biogas slurry accumulated gradually while the daily biogas yield was still stable. In summary, it is feasible to conduct the full reflux of biogas slurry to the anaerobic system in the multi-material biogas plant, but attention should be paid to the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen and TVFAs.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 118-124 [Abstract] ( 69 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 472KB] ( 364 )
125 Effect of sewage sludge-derived biostimulants on the quality of tomato and soil properties
TAN Jia-yi, HAO Jia-hou, LI Yu-zhi, LI Zuo-yue, JIANG Zhi-jian, SONG Lian, WANG Shuo, LI Ji
In order to explore the effect of sewage sludge-derived biostimulants on the quality of the crop and soil, four fertilization groups were designed: non-fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (HF), spraying sewage sludge-derived biostimulants on foliage (F_CJS) and spraying sewage sludge-derived biostimulants on the surface of soil (S_CJS). The effects of sewage sludge-derived biostimulants on the flavor and nutritional quality of ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato, physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of the soil were analyzed. The experimental results showed that compared with HF group, F_CJS increased the soluble sugar and protein contents of the ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato, and S_CJS increased vitamin C content and reduced the amount of titratable acid and nitrate, thus the ratio of sugar and acid was raised to improve the flavor and nutritional quality of tomato. In addition, the content of soil organic matter (SOM) in S_CJS was significantly higher than that in HF, while nitrate content was much lower. Compared with CK, S_CJS increased the abundance of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle, and the abundance of microorganisms involved in the carbon cycle was about twice as high as that of HF, indicated that the application of sewage sludge-derived biostimulants improved the activity of the soil microbial community. Moreover, comparing CK and HF group, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Arthrobacter､Sphingomonas､Stretomyces､Skermanella and Massilia significantly increased in F_CJS and S_CJS, conversely, the pathogenic bacteria MND 1correspondingly decreased. S_CJS can also reduce the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria Terrimonas and Bradyrhizobium. The sewage sludge-derived biostimulants significantly affects the soil microbial community structure of ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato, playing a positive role in the regulation of soil quality, and further possesses the potential to reduce soil N2O emission.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 125-135 [Abstract] ( 73 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1913KB] ( 658 )
136 Co-digestion characteristics of vegetable straws and livestock manure and analysis of key microorganisms
MENG Yan, LI Yi, DU Zhong-ping, HAN Rui
The characteristics of methane yields and the changes of key microorganisms in the co-digestion of cucumber straw, tomato straw, eggplant straw and pepper straw with pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure were investigated by batch fermentation. The co-digestion of vegetable straws with livestock manure had a synergistic effect, and the methanogenic effect of the four vegetable straws mixed with pig manure was the best, followed by cow manure and sheep manure. Among them, cucumber straw and eggplant straw with pig manure at a ratio of 1:2 had the maximum cumulative methane yields of 338.28mL/g VS and 283.00mL/g VS respectively, which increased by 65.15% and 67.36% compared to the single digestion of the respective straws. The maximum methane yields for tomato straw and pepper straw with pig manure were 317.90mL/g VS and 251.17mL/g VS at a ratio of 1:4, which were 69.07% and 92.93% higher than the single digestion of the tomato and pepper straws respectively. The microbial analysis showed that the relative abundance of Syner-01 was higher in the samples added with pig manure and in all co-digested samples. The methanogenic archaea taxa in the co-digested samples added with pig manure were more abundant, with higher relative abundance of Methanocellus and Methanoplanus, while the abundance of Methanocorpusculum were higher after adding cow manure, indicating that the addition of different manures to vegetable straws for co-digestion could lead to the enrichment of hydrotropic methanogenic archaea.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 136-148 [Abstract] ( 66 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2619KB] ( 409 )
149 Study on physical and chemical characteristics and heavy metal leaching behavior of MSWI fly ash
FAN Cheng-cheng, WANG Bao-min, WANG Xiao-Jun
Taking MSWI fly ash in Dalian as the research object, the physical, chemical properties and acid neutralization ability of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, species, total amounts, pollution toxicity and chemical speciation of of heavy metal in MSWI fly ash were studied systematically in this work. And the influence of pH value of the leaching environment, leaching time, leaching temperature and oscillation modes on leaching behaviors of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash was also investigated. The results showed that MSWI fly ash was mainly composed of calcium containing mineral phases (calcium hydroxide and CaClOH, etc.) and chlorine containing mineral phases (sodium chloride and potassium chloride, etc.). The species of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash are complex and it is characteristic of significant pollution toxicity. The total amounts of Zn and Pb are more than 1000mg/kg. The leaching toxicity of Cd, Pb and Zn exceeds the requirements of "Hazardous Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard" (GB18598-2019) by 9.7, 7.1and 0.7times, respectively. In general, the leaching toxicity, migration and diffusion characteristics of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash have no significant mathematical correlation with their total amounts. This study could provide a solid theoretical basis for the safe disposal and resource utilization of MSWI fly ash.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 149-159 [Abstract] ( 80 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3605KB] ( 405 )
160 Delicate characterization of MSWI fly ash and study on stabilization mechanism of heavy metals with sintering solidification
LIU Xi-yu, CAO Hai-lin, WENG Lv-qian, WANG Xie-geng
The MSWI fly ash was finely characterized by element analysis, XRD, DSC and TG-MS, SEM and TEM respectively. The solidification mechanism of heavy metals Pb, Cd and Zn in MSWI fly ash was studied through theoretical modelling and experiment by using the mixture of MSWI fly ash, fly ash and water glass with certain proportion of composition control sintering. The energy simulation calculation carried out by Materials Studio instructed that Pb, Cd, and Zn could replace Ca in the cell structure of wollastonite, the main phase in the final products, with energy benefit. The cell parameters of wollastonite were altered accordingly, which was confirmed by XRD analysis. The results of the Tessier extraction test elucidated that the sintered products have significantly large amount of the residue lattice phases, comparing with untreated MSWI fly ash, indicating the substantial improvement of the heavy metals stability in the sintered products. The study also found that the heavy metals had less volatilization ability in the solidified products than in the MSWI fly ash during heat treatment process. The MSWI fly ash ceramists, with satisfying mechanical features, were finally obtained with an optimal ratio of the MSWI fly ash, coal fly ash and sodium silicate solutions after a relatively low temperature treatment (900℃), which provides a feasible process to use MSWI fly ash as building materials.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 160-169 [Abstract] ( 62 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2650KB] ( 435 )
170 Reductive dissolution and phase transformation of jarosite residues by SRB
ZHOU Yi-chen, YANG Hui-fen, SONG Ying-liang, SUN Qi-wei, GAO Pu, SONG Zhen-Guo, YANG Hang
The reduction and phase transformation of jarosite residues were investigated by measuring the solute parameters, phase transformation and microbial community evolution during the reduction process with the mixed microbial community dominated by SRB, obtained by domestication. The results showed that under the action of SRB, the content of SO42- in the residues continuously decreased, the solution pH slightly increased, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) continuously lowered, the Fe2+ magnified significantly, while Pb2+ and Zn2+ were only slightly dissolved. The sulfate minerals such as jarosite and gypsum in the residues were gradually reduced by the SRB community, thus resulting in their disappearance, and the characteristic peaks of secondary minerals such as markinite(FeS) and vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2(H2O)8) appeared. The relative abundance of SRB increased, and gradually SRB became the dominant strains in the culture system, But the genus in which SRB was predominantly present had evolved from citrobacter to desulfofarcimen. These results demonstrate the feasibility of SRB to be used to reduce jarosite residues and further convert metals into sulfide, provide a theoretical basis for the recovery of valuable metals in the residues by the biological-sulfide flotation.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 170-178 [Abstract] ( 73 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1647KB] ( 388 )
Soil Pollution Control
179 Integrated analysis of effects of livestock and poultry manure biogas slurry returning to fields on soil NO3--N accumulation
CHEN Si-yang, LI Qing, KONG Fan-jing, TENG Ying, XIONG Hai-ling, CHEN Yu-cheng, YANG Zhi-min
In order to explore the characteristics of changes in soil NO3−-N accumulation under the influence of biogas slurry returning to field and clarify the important factors influencing this accumulation, 19 valid studies and 153 valid data pairs were screened from two databases—the China National Knowledge Network and Web of Science. The effects of human factors, including application level, application depth, application years, and land use, as well as natural factors, such as soil depth, soil pH, and soil organic matter (SOM), on soil NO3−-N accumulation were studied using a meta-analysis. The importance of each influencing factor was evaluated using a random forest model and the disordered variable multiple regression method. The results showed that soil NO3−-N accumulation was significant at medium and low nitrogen application levels and at long-term biogas slurry application, with effect values of 192.44%, 194.37%, and 386.81%, respectively. There was a greater risk of the leaching of NO3−-N. SOM and the pH of biogas slurry were the main factors influencing soil NO3−-N accumulation. The effect values of NO3−-N accumulation was 266.87%(p<0.05) and 240.01% (p=0.07) when the SOM content was approximately 10~40g/kg and pH was <6.5, respectively. Therefore, biogas slurry application in areas with rich SOM and severe soil acidification should be prioritized. The spatial distribution of NO3−-N accumulation was significantly different. Accumulation was the most evident in northeast China and the southwestern hilly areas of Guangxi and Chongqing, with response ratios of 3.43, 2.39, and 1.63, respectively. These results provide a scientific basis for the safe application of biogas slurry.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 179-185 [Abstract] ( 79 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 500KB] ( 333 )
186 Assessment of land bearing capacity of livestock manure based on uncertainty analysis—Taking the uncertainty of excretion coefficients as an example
WANG Sheng-wei, LI Xiang, LI Yan-xia, ZHAO Yan
Uncertainty analysis was used to assess the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from the application of livestock manure to farmland in Heilongjiang Province, a case study for promoting the comprehensive use of agricultural waste. The sensitivity of the land bearing capacity for livestock manure to the nutrients in straw and manure was analyzed using statistical yearbooks and official reports. At the same time, an analysis of nutrients exceeding the land bearing capacity based on the uncertainty of excretion coefficients was also conducted. The results showed that sensitivity analysis indicated that nitrogen bearing capacity was more sensitive to nutrients in straw, and no nutrient overload occurred. Phosphorus bearing capacity was more sensitive to nutrients in manure, and phosphorus nutrient overload occurred in Daqing, Suihua, Mudanjiang, Qitaihe, Qiqihar, Harbin, and Yichun. Uncertainty analysis showed that the probability of phosphorus nutrient overload was less than 40% in Harbin, Qiqihar, Yichun, and Qitaihe, while the probability of phosphorus nutrient overload was 91%, 63% and 65% in Daqing, Suihua and Mudanjiang, respectively. In other cities, the probability of nutrient overload was 0. According to the uncertainty analysis, the probability of phosphorus nutrient overload is low in most areas, but there are high risks of overload in Daqing, Suihua and Mudanjiang City. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of phosphorus emission, increase anti-pollution measures, and rationally adjust the scale of aquaculture.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 186-196 [Abstract] ( 85 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 557KB] ( 424 )
Environmental Ecology
197 Effects of acidified oyster shell powder on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella sp.
LI Jie, RONG Ke-ming, YANG Dan-rong, LI Yan-yi, JI Pei-shan, MA Liang-xiao, MA Xu-fa
The impact of acidified oyster shell powder (AOSP) on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella sp. was explored in this research. The results showed that high concentrations of AOSP could promote the growth of M. aeruginosa but inhibit the growth of Chlorella sp.. Specifically, there were no significant differences observed in the growth of M. aeruginosa and Chlorella sp. when compared to the control group at the concentration of 10mg/L. The growth of M. aeruginosa was significantly promoted when the concentration reached 20mg/L (P<0.05). Whereas, the growth of Chlorella sp. was significantly inhibited (P<0.05) Subsequent research showed that the concentration of Ca2+ in the culture medium was positively correlated with the density of M. aeruginosa, but negatively correlated with the density of Chlorella sp.. Meanwhile, the absorption-sedimentation rate of Ca2+ in the M. aeruginosa group was obviously higher than that in the Chlorella sp. group. Thus, we speculated that the difference in the absorption-sedimentation rate of Ca2+ may be related to the cellular structure, photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa and Chlorella sp..
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 197-204 [Abstract] ( 85 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 644KB] ( 628 )
205 Effects of combination of sepiolite and ferromanganite ore powder on cadmium uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.)
MA Meng-xue, WANG Zhong-yuan, XU Chao, WANG Hua-jing, ZHANG Quan, HUANG Dao-you, ZHU Qi-hong, ZHU Han-hua
The application of combined amendment in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy soil can reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice grain, thus improving the safety level of agricultural products. In the present study, we conducted a plot experiment to examine the effect of the combined amendment of SF (the mass ratio of sepiolite to ferromanganese ore powder is 5:1) on soil Cd availability, the concentration of Cd in Fe-Mn plaque in roots, and the uptake and accumulation of Cd in rice plants under different application rates (562.5, 1125 and 2250kg/hm2). The results showed that the application of SF had no significant effect on the concentration of available Cd and Fe in the soil, but increased the concentration of available Mn and exchange Mg. Compared with CK, the concentrations of Fe and Mn in Fe-Mn plaque in roots of SF treatments increased by 6.9%~22.1% and 15.6%~84.4%, respectively, and the concentrations of Cd in Fe-Mn plaque in roots significantly decreased by 25.8%~37.3% (p<0.05). The concentrations of Cd in roots treated with SF were significantly reduced by 25.3%~50.2% (p<0.05), and the Cd concentrations in rice grains were significantly reduced by 35.9%~45.3% (p<0.05). The Cd concentrations in rice grain was positively correlated with the Cd concentrations in root and Fe-Mn plaque (p<0.05). The application of the combined amendment of SF significantly reduced the Cd concentrations in rice grains by reducing the adsorption of Cd by Fe-Mn plaque and the uptake of Cd by rice roots.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 205-212 [Abstract] ( 67 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 413KB] ( 350 )
213 Isolation, identification of oil degrading bacteria and construction of bacterial consortium
JIA Miao-miao, LI Hai-hong, DENG Tian-tian
The enrichment and separation method was used to select oil-degrading bacteria from the soil around an oil refinery in northern Shaanxi of China. The identification of bacterial strains was performed by physiological and biochemical assays and 16SrDNA gene sequence. Then the parameters such as pH value, salinity, nitrogen source, inoculum size and oil concentration were selected as single factors on selected strains growth. Besides, through antibiotic tests, oil-degrading bacterial consortium was constructed with the selected strains for oil treatment. Four oil-tolerance bacterial strains including Acinetobacter (T2、T4、T5) and Bacillus (T3) were selected; pH value, salinity, nitrogen source, inoculum size and oil concentration affected the growth of the four strains. Among 15 bacterial combinations without inhibiting effect on each other between the four strains, consortium P mixed with a volume ratio as 1:1:1:1 showed the highest oil degradation rate of 89% in the same time. This paper provides a theoretical reference for microbial remediation of oil-contaminated soil.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 213-220 [Abstract] ( 90 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1136KB] ( 540 )
221 Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of nutrients and heavy metals in surface sediments of major bays in Guangxi
SU Qiong-yuan, WANG Cai-guang, HUANG Liang-liang, FENG Yi-shan, WEI Mei-yi, XU Hao, CHENG Ya-nan, LI Nan, XU Peng
This study was planned with the aim to understand the spatial distribution and pollution characteristics of nutrients and heavy metals in the surface sediments of major bays in Guangxi, for which 25 sediment samples were collected in August 2021 from Zhenzhu Bay, Qinzhou Bay and Lianzhou Bay. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC) and eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the surface sediments were analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficient of mean contents of TN, TP and TOC was 776.00, 206.33mg/kg and 0.41% in the surface sediments of Guangxi coastal area comprising of 53.35%, 64.78% and 47.33% variation respectively. The evaluation results of the nutrient pollution index and the organic pollution index for TN, TP and TOC in the surface sediments showed slight contamination. The average content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediment were 13.38, 0.058, 31.83, 13.71, 0.024, 13.18, 24.24, and 31.66mg/kg, respectively. The contents of 8heavy metals reached China’s national first-class benchmark of marine sediment quality. The result of geoaccumulation index (Igeo) found slight contamination of As, Cd and Ni in the three bays. The potential ecological risk index (RI) for heavy metals in surface sediments ranged from 17.77 to 133.88, with a mean value of 56.45, which portrayed minor potential ecological risk, especially from Cd and As, Hg, contributing 79.37% in the total RI. Our study concludes that the main sources of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments of major bays from Guangxi were from industries together with mining and aquaculture.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 221-232 [Abstract] ( 100 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 5 )
233 Effects of sediment sterilization with ClO2 on nutrient diffusion flux at sediment-water interface
ZENG Chao, FANG Jing-hui, YANG Ming-Shu, LUO Kun, HUANG Jun-hang, LIANG Bo
The sterilization effect of chlorine dioxide on sediments and its effect on the physicochemical indexes such as nutrient diffusion flux at the sediment-water interface were studied by experimental ecological methods. Results indicated that ClO2, with an effective chlorine addition of 300mg/L to 900mg/L, killed 73.1% to 82.8% of bacteria and all aquatic pathogenic Vibrio bacteria in the sediment. Furthermore, ClO2 significantly reduced the number of microbial colonies in the sediment, with no significant differences in the number of microbial colonies among ClO2 treatment groups. The analysis of sediment overlying water and pore water showed that ClO2 significantly reduced the concentration of NH4+-N、PO43--P、NO3--N、NO2--N in sediment pore water. There were significant differences in NH4+ and PO43- diffusion flux at the sediment-water interface between ClO2 treatments and control at the same time point of sampling (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in NO3- and NO2- diffusion fluxes at the water interface overall (P>0.05). The net nitrogen mineralization rate of sediments in each experimental treatment was decreased generally with increased ClO2 concentration. The net nitrogen mineralization rate among treatments increased over time, and the gap gradually decreased during the experiment. Furthermore, the presence of ClO2 reduced the organic matter content and H2S concentration of the sediment. The present study showed that the addition of 300mg/L (available chlorine content) of ClO2 to the sediment was sufficient to kill all pathogenic Vibrio bacteria but cannot eliminate all bacteria in the sediment. Moreover, the increased content in the range of 300mg/L to 900mg/L did not have a significant effect on the sterilization of the sediment. Overall, the results demonstrate that the presence of ClO2 reduces nutrient concentration in sediment-pore water, which has a significant effect on nutrient diffusion flux at the sediment-water interface. These findings provide useful information for the marine sediment pollution recovery.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 233-242 [Abstract] ( 74 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 920KB] ( 545 )
243 Evaluation of urban heat island over Hefei based on meteorological observations and MODIS data
YANG Cui-qin, HE Wei, ZHU Mao-sheng, JIA Zhen, XU Zhao, YANG Wen
Based on the measured meteorological data from 1981 to 2020, the temporal and spatial trends of temperature and urban heat island (UHI) in urban and suburban areas of Hefei were studied. Combined with MODIS remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020, this paper verified the UHI in Hefei area, and then analyzed the correlation between land use/land cover (LULC) type and land surface temperature (LST), as well as the correlation between normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and LST. The results show that there was an obvious UHI effect over Hefei. The heat island area was in the center of the city, and the area expands with time. Both air temperature and surface temperature showed an upward trend, and the annual average temperature of urban and suburban increased by 2℃ and 1.5℃, respectively. The urban heat island intensity (UHII) is the highest in summer, reaching 1.7℃, while the effect was the weakest in winter. With the development of the city, the built-up area of Hefei increased by about 46.8%, while the green space area gradually decreased, and the green space area shows a significant negative correlation with the LST. During the daytime, there is a positive correlation between LST and NDVI. At night, the NDVI can slow down the temperature increase at night, showing a negative correlation. Based on the latest data, this study studies the temporal and spatial variations of temperature and heat island effect in Hefei, and discusses the effects of land use and vegetation cover on LST, which can provide reference for the study of urban thermal environment and the improvement of urban environment.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 243-250 [Abstract] ( 69 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1764KB] ( 639 )
251 Effects of water brownification caused by humic acid on growth and physiology of a submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum
WAN Xiang, BA Cui-cui, LIU Shuai-lei, WANG Guo-xiang, YANG Fei
In order to clarify the potential effects of brownification, caused by humic acid enrichment, on submerged macrophytes in freshwaters, this study investigated the effects of brownification at different degrees on the growth, photosynthetic fluorescence and antioxidant system of Myriophyllum spicatum L. through indoor experiments. The results showed that the addition of humic acid (10~40mg/L) led to a significant increase in the available nutrients in the water column, as well as water brownification. Brownification and macrophyte growth have a unimodal relationship. Low degrees of brownification, with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) less than 8.35mg/L, promoted the growth of M. spicatum L, and the average peak biomass of plants increased by 26.2%~28.9%. Macrophytes could overcome the low light availability resulted from brownification owing to the plasticity in morphological and physiological traits. However, a high degree of brownification (DOC³13.74mg/L) significantly inhibited the growth, and the peak biomass of plants decreased by 9.5%. Additionally, the photosynthesis inhibition and collapse of antioxidant systems of macrophytes indicated that they could not adapt to low light stress under a high degree of brownification. Consequently, this study highlighted that more attention should be paid to the ecological effects of humic acids enrichment in freshwater.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 251-257 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 695KB] ( 519 )
258 Inversion and evaluation of water quality parameters based on UAV multispectral data: a case study of Yongzhuang Reservoir in Haikou
ZHANG Le, LEI Jin-rui, CHEN Yi-qing, CHEN Zong-zhu, ZHOU Peng, HE Rong-xiao, WU Ting-tian, CHEN Xiao-hua, LI Yuan-ling, PAN Xiao-yan
The subject of this paper was Yongzhuang Reservoir, a water source reserve in Haikou. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multi-spectral sensors were utilized to obtain spectral reflectance datasets of water bodies, and fitting modeling was performed with corresponding measured data. Based on this, this paper established optimal inversion models for four water quality parameters, namely total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), turbidity (TUB), and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), for the reservoir's dry and rainy seasons, and conducted spatial water quality evaluation. The results indicated that: the polynomial models all presented the highest accuracy for the TP, TN, and Chl-a inversion models of the water bodies in the Yongzhuang Reservoir's dry and rainy seasons, with an R2 greater than 0.5. The accuracy of the TUB inversion model with the polynomial function model was the highest during the dry season, while the accuracy of the linear regression model was the highest during the rainy season. There were notable variations in the spatial distribution of the four water quality parameters in Yongzhuang Reservoir's dry and rainy seasons. In general, the water quality on the west side of the reservoir was good during the dry season, while that on the east side was poor. Additionally, the water quality on the east side of the reservoir was good during the rainy season, while the water quality gradually deteriorated towards the west. It was recommended that sewage intercepting pipelines be strengthened at the urban-rural junction on the reservoir's east side to reduce the direct discharge of imported pollution sources. On the west side of the reservoir, an ecological buffer zone was recommended to be established to intercept agricultural non-point source pollution and reduce the danger of water eutrophication. The findings of this paper could serve as a scientific foundation for the effective monitoring and protection of urban water source reserves.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 258-267 [Abstract] ( 93 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3051KB] ( 711 )
268 Research of the WRTDS model on long-term changes in water quality: progress and perspectives
CHEN Hai-tao, WANG Cheng-cheng, SONG Meng-lai, DING Han, REN Qiu-ru, REN Jia-xue, WANG Yu-qiu
Evaluating changes and trends in surface water quality and obtaining accurate information on water quality or nutrient loading from upstream to downstream in a watershed is crucial to the effective management of water resources. Recently, along with the increase in the length of water quality datasets, the upgrading of statistical methods, and the improvement of computer software and hardware, a series of statistical methods have been used to explore and analyze water quality trends and flux changes. Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) have evolved into the primary model for long-term continuous water quality trend analysis due to the relative complexity and flexibility. This article reviewed the research progress of WRTDS model in water quality analysis, summarized the basic principles (concentration/flux and normalized flux concentration/flux estimation) and development of the model, sorted out the current methods and applications on water quality trends and flux estimation, and outlined the application of the model to long-term water quality changes and trends and comparison with other models. Lastly, we analyzed some shortcomings of the WRTDS model, and combined with the actual water environment problems in China, we foresee that the WRTDS model can be extended and combined with watershed models, remote sensing inversion, artificial intelligence and other technical means to better guide watershed water environment management in the future.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 268-276 [Abstract] ( 69 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 591KB] ( 641 )
277 Analysis of soil microbial diversity and influencing factors in Hemaquan New District in Urumqi
TURSUN Awagul, ZHANG Xin-qiang, YUN Feng-ze, ZHU Yan-bin, ZHANG-Lei, DU Wen-juan, MA Zheng-hai
To examine the diversity and influencing factors of the soil microbial community in Hemaquan New District in Urumqi, the soil samples from different directions of the district were collected for physicochemical properties, metagenomics and environmental factor redundancy analysis. The results showed that the soil was salinization, barren and severe drought, the process of urban construction changed the physicochemical properties in different degrees and also affected the microbial diversity of the soil, in which afforestation and civil engineering had a greater impact on the diversity of bacteria and fungi. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes(56%~8%), Actinobacteriota(32%~14%), Proteobacteria(22%~10%) were the dominant bacteria, and Ascomycota(82%~30%) and Basidiomycota(41%~2%) were the dominant fungi. At the genus level, RB41, Pontibacter, Bacillus, Adhaeribacter, Nitrososphaeraceae and Antarcticibacterium were the dominant bacteria, and Fusarium, Coprinus, Gibberella, Cladosporium and Alternaria were the dominant fungi. The above dominant flora played a role in adapting to drought, salt and alkali, degrading insoluble substances and participating in chemical cycles in soil. A variety of unusual flora in soil was annotated, including bacteria such as Antarcticibacterium and Cesiribacter, and fungi such as Iodophanus and Neocamarosporiu, which were related to the environment and soil characteristics of the district. The archaeal community structure in different soil samples was similar, and the relative abundance of Crenarchaeota(99%~45%) was the highest, the relative abundance of the Ammonia-oxidizing archaea belonging to Crenarchaeota was high, which had a potentially important role in the nitrogen and carbon cycle of the barren soil. The physicochemical factors affected the microbial community structure in different degrees, especially water content, pH, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and electric conductivity. The dominant species such as Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Firmicutes, Mortierellomycota, Crenarchaeota, Thermoplasmatota, and Euryarchaeota were significantly affected. In conclusion, the physicochemical factors and urban expansion affected the soil microbial diversity in Hemaquan New District, and the study provided a scientific basis for soil quality assessment, land development and ecological protection in the district.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 277-287 [Abstract] ( 71 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 636KB] ( 384 )
288 Vegetation restoration dynamics and its response to road network in southern Fujian
WU Xi, ZHEN Shi-yong, ZUO Xue-man, HU Xi-sheng, SHEN Rong-feng
Based on Landsat8(OLI) remote sensing data and road network data from 2013 to 2020 in southern Fujian (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou), the Sen+Mann-Kendall method was used to analyze the vegetation restoration dynamics in southern Fujian. On this basis, the response of dynamic vegetation restoration to road network was studied by using buffer analysis and profile analysis. In addition, bivariate spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression were used to explore the spatial coupling relationship between cell grids of different scales (500m×500m, 1000m×1000m, 1500m×1500m, 2000m×2000m). The results shows that from 2013 to 2020, there were significant differences in the spatial distribution of vegetation change dynamics in southern Fujian, showing a trend of degradation in the eastern coastal areas and improvement in the western inland areas. The area of degradation and improvement accounted for 47.93% and 50.07% of the study area. The buffer zone analysis shows that the relationship between road density and vegetation restoration state in the three cities is roughly similar, showing a pattern of high road density but vegetation degradation in the eastern coastal area and low road density but vegetation improvement in the western inland area. Along the section line, the vegetation index decreases in the area near the coastline, the area with high density of road kernel and the area with dynamic change of kernel density. The multi-scale bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the spatial agglomeration of the two sampling units of 1500m×1500m and 2000m×2000m is higher than that of the other sampling units.The bivariate Moran's I of road network, vegetation and vegetation restoration state in the three cities of southern Fujian are all negative values. The road network is negatively correlated with vegetation and vegetation restoration state as well as negatively correlated with space. The HL (High-Low) -type and LH (Low-High) - type aggregation areas of road network and vegetation gradually expanded, and the trend of linking is obvious. The results of multi-scale geographical weighted regression analysis show that the road network has a spatial differentiation of the impact on the dynamic vegetation restoration. The negative impact of road network on vegetation expansion trend in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, and the road network has a positive effect on vegetation restoration in local areas such as Anxi and Hua 'an, but on the whole, the road network has a inhibitory effect on vegetation restoration. The research results can provide reference for vegetation restoration and road network construction and development in the study area.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 288-300 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3202KB] ( 389 )
301 Investigation on lake eutrophication response to pesticide and fertilizer application in the seasonal freeze region
LOU Yu-qi, BIAN Jian-min, SUN Xiao-qing, WANG Yu, WANG Fan, LI Mu-rong
To investigate the eutrophication and driving factors of lakes in the frozen region of northern China, the study takes Lake Chagan in western Jilin Province as the research object. Based on monitoring data, the Back Propagation (BP) neural network has been systematically applied to evaluate the eutrophication of lake and the excess nutrient indicators have been identified to analyze their dynamic characteristics. After that, the EQC model has been used to simulate the influence of water from pesticide and fertilizer residues in irrigation drainage and explore the drivers of the lake eutrophication. The results showed that: During 2016~2019, the lake was generally mildly eutrophic, with the main excess nutrient indicators being CODMn, CODCr, TP and TN, etc. The concentration of CODMn, CODCr and TP were driven by low temperatures and showed an increasing trend during the freezing period, among them, the concentration of TP increased 10%, approximately. Meanwhile, the concentration of TP and TN, were driven by irrigation and drainage that showed an upward trend during the receding irrigation period. Through EQC simulation, the contribution values of TN and TP concentrations of irrigation area drainage into the lake were obtained as 2.717mg/L and 0.080mg/L, respectively. The residual pesticide and fertilizer from the irrigation drainage were the main factors driving the increase of the TN content in the lake during the receding period, with a maximum rise of 27%. Low temperatures were the main driver of the increase of the TP content in the lake during the freeze-up period (maximum increase of about 10%). Meanwhile, the application of pesticides and fertilizers in spring has led to a trend of increased eutrophication in the lakes of the seasonal freeze region during the winter and summer. In conclusion, the management of lake eutrophication still needs to focus on reducing exogenous pollution, especially fertilizer pollution, during the receding period of the irrigation area.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 301-308 [Abstract] ( 74 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1189KB] ( 459 )
309 Characteristics of watershed dissolved organic nitrogen export and its transport pathways - A case study of Fengyu River Watershed
LIU Xin-ru, DU Xin-zhong, LEI Qiu-liang, LIU Hong-bin
In order to study the characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen export in the watershed, continuous streamflow and water quality monitoring was carried out in the outlet of Fengyu River watershed in Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, western Yunnan Province. The daily streamflow monitoring data and 777 water quality monitoring data were collected from January 2011 to December 2013. The LOADEST load estimation method and the base flow segmentation method were used to study the DON load export characteristics and hydrological transport pathways in the Fengyu River Basin. The results showed that: (1)The rainfall variation in flood season and non-flood season had a significant effect on the change of DON load export in the basin. (2) The results of DON load estimated by LOADEST model showed that the DON load in August was the most during a year, reaching 3110.6kg, followed by September and July, about 2604.9 and 2540.2kg, respectively, which indicated that the flood season is the critical period of DON loss. (3) The results of baseflow segmentation showed that the annual average contribution rate of baseflow DON to total DON load was 60.0%~96.0%, which indicated that the loss of DON in the Fengyu River Basin from 2011 to 2013 was mainly through baseflow. This study revealed the DON export characteristics and hydrological transport pathways through high-frequency monitoring of water quantity and quality at the watershed scale, which could provide references for watershed water quality protection and eutrophication prevention and control.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 309-316 [Abstract] ( 68 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1516KB] ( 455 )
Carbon Emission Control
317 Food waste and its carbon footprint in urban catering industry: A case study of Chongqing hotpot
ZHANG Qing-shuang, YIN Qing-long, TAN Qiu-jun, ZHONG Xiao-yao, ZHANG Yu-lu, ZHOU Jiang-ling, PANG Ming-yue, ZHANG Li-xiao
Taking Chongqing hotpot as an example, this study collected the food waste data of 124 tables from 13 hotpot restaurants in the main districts of Chongqing by weighing the wastes and questionnaire survey. Then the embedded carbon footprint was calculated by the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The results showed that the average food waste in Chongqing hotpot catering was 98.4g/cap/meal, which was slightly higher than that of the urban catering industry. Among the food wastes, 88.7% was cooked food and only 11.3% was raw food. Vegetables contributed most to the total food waste (44.0%), followed by animal offal and other by-products (21.4%) and meat (12.9%). In terms of the influencing factors of food waste in Chongqing hotpot, there were apparent negative relationships between the food waste and the number of consumers per table as well as their ages. The carbon footprint of food waste of Chongqing hotpot was estimated to be 0.4kg CO2 eq/cap/meal. In terms of different food types, animal offal and other by-products contributed most to the total carbon footprint (32.2%), followed by meat (30.3%). In contrast, the most wasted vegetables had a relatively low carbon footprint, accounting for 21.9% of the total carbon footprint. Finally, we proposed related suggestions concerning the hotpot industry for reducing food waste and promoting sustainable consumption, therefore provided a quantitative reference for alleviating the pressure on environment caused by food waste.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 317-325 [Abstract] ( 90 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 738KB] ( 598 )
326 Calculation and analysis of carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of pumped storage power stations
HOU Gong-yu, MA Xiao-yun, YANG Zhen-hua, CHEN Qin-huang, LIU Wen-xiu, ZHANG You-wen, ZHANG Dan-yang, ZHAO Meng-yuan
In order to explore the effectiveness of carbon reduction in energy storage hydropower, the Zhuanghe pumped storage power station in Liaoning Province was taken as a case study. Based on the life cycle assessment theory, process analysis and input-output mixed analysis were used to group calculate the carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the pumped storage power station, and the differences in greenhouse gas fluxes between the upper and lower reservoirs before and after water storage were estimated. The results show that the total life-cycle carbon emissions of this pumped storage power plant is 2,094,774tCO2e, of which the operation phase accounts for 59% and the construction phase accounts for 41%, with a carbon emissions factor of 43.46gCO2e/(kW·h), which is about 1/33~1/25 of the carbon emissions of thermal power, and the average annual carbon reduction benefit can be about 88million yuan. This paper quantitatively demonstrates that storage hydropower is a clean energy source, and that vigorous development of pumped storage power plants can effectively save energy and reduce emissions, and provides data support for the low-carbon construction of pumped storage power plants.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 326-335 [Abstract] ( 111 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 565KB] ( 675 )
336 Study on classified governance for urban co-effects of carbon and pollution emissions reduction
TAN Qi-lu, GUO Ming-xiao
Cities are the most important contributor to greenhouse gases and pollution emissions. Because of the differences among cities, it is of great necessity to conduct classified governance that takes into account the characteristics and key factors affecting urban emissions reduction of carbon and pollution so as to improve the accuracy and effectiveness for implementations of policy measurements. First, two-step cluster analysis was adopted to divide 102 sample cities in China into four categories based on a comprehensive related index system. Then these four categories were summarized as demonstration type, potential type, transition type and as well as extensive type by comparing each category in terms of economic development, energy consumption, pollutant emission and treatment. At last, “one type, one policy” paths were proposed aimed at co-reducing emissions of carbon and pollution focused on the key fields of energy consumption side, such as industry, transportation, residential life and so on.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 336-346 [Abstract] ( 79 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 968KB] ( 478 )
347 Carbon peak prediction in Ningxia under the Dual Carbon Background
WANG Xue-ting, ZHENG Fei-fan, XU Ye, LI Wei
In order to improve the prediction accuracy of peak value and its occurrence time of regional carbon emission, in this study, selecting the Ningxia region as the research target, the IPCC carbon emission factor method was firstly used to calculate historical carbon emission amounts of this region. Secondly, the DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm was innovatively utilized to identify main influence factors of carbon emission. Then, the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method and STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model were jointly used for establishiing a regional carbon emission prediction model. Next, the scenario analysis method based on the importance evaluation of influence factors was introduced to design and generate the scenarios reflecting various socio-economic development conditions, technological levels and policy implementation effects by combining the possible future trend of critical factors. Finally, the regional carbon emission amounts under different scenarios were determined, where regional peak carbon value and its occurrence time were estimated accurately, providing the useful reference basis for the formulation and implementation of subsequent regional peak carbon control strategy and countermeasure proposal.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 347-356 [Abstract] ( 67 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 771KB] ( 557 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
357 Potential pollution risk assessment of phosphate fertilizer manufacturing site based on multi-source geographic data: A case study of Kunming City
MENG Dan, YANG Xiao-mei, LIU Yue-ming, ZHOU Rui, WANG Zhi-hua, LIU Xiao-liang, ZHANG Jun-Yao
A rapid assessment method that combines pollution source range, propagation path, and sensitive receptor was proposed to evaluate the potential pollution risk of the living and ecological environment around the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing site in Kunming. The results revealed that the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing sites in Kunming were mainly located in the flat terrain areas of Anning and Jinning District, situated southwest of Dianchi Lake. The pollution range of non-point sources was found to be closely related to the operating years and scale of the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing sites. The longer the operating years and the larger the operating scale of these sites, the greater their impact on the surrounding environment. Notably, two phosphate fertilizer manufacturing enterprises exhibited the highest risk coefficients, with values of 14.51 and 11.37, respectively. These enterprises have been operating for 30 years and 36 years, with large and medium-scale operations, respectively. The higher the propagation path grade of the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing site, the easier it is for pollution to spread to the surrounding areas. The largest propagation area of the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing site was found to be 78.54km². Moreover, areas with higher sensitive receptor grades showed a greater impact on the potential risk of the surrounding region. The highest sensitive receptor range caused by the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing site covered an area of 70.14km². Based on the comprehensive risk assessment, it was determined that the pollution sources from the phosphate fertilizer manufacturing site in Kunming pose significant potential risks to the ecological environment of the Dianchi Basin, characterized by its low altitude and flat terrain. Additionally, the population gathering area in the east is also at risk, highlighting the need to strengthen pollution control and ecological protection measures in this region.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 357-367 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3790KB] ( 488 )
368 Calculation method and case analysis of carbon emissions for risk control and management of contaminated sites
MENG Hao, DONG Jing-qi, ZHANG Hong-zhen, XIAO meng, LI Xiang-lan
The study adopted emission factor method and took a large closed agricultural pharmaceutical factory in Hebei as a case to calculate carbon emissions of risk control and management of contaminated site from four aspects: mechanical energy consumption, power, materials and transportation. The results showed that the net carbon sequestration of risk control and management in the case site within 5years was 113.56t, including 458.49t of total process carbon emissions and 572.05t of total carbon sequestration; Barrier measures and site survey activities were the most important carbon emission links, accounting for 36.78% and 34.12% of the total carbon emissions respectively, of which construction materials and construction machinery account for 97.88%; The risk control carbon emission intensity of unit contaminated soil were 2.54kg/m3, which had obvious low-carbon advantages compared with solidification stabilization (34.78kg/m3), ectopic thermal desorption (212.22kg/m3), chemical leaching (35.83kg/m3) and chemical oxidation (27.78kg/m3); The sensitivity of mechanical activities and barrier materials to carbon emission factors were the strongest. In the 95% confidence interval, the carbon emission of this part in the case fluctuated between 417.84t and 500.40t; Adopted more green and low-carbon barrier membranes, gave priority to the procurement and transportation of electrical driven mechanical equipment and localized materials, improved the proportion of renewable energy and green power input in monitoring equipment operation and maintenance, and increased the richness of ecological landscape, which were conducive to achieving the goal of low-carbon management of site risk control.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 368-375 [Abstract] ( 92 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 864KB] ( 466 )
376 The resource metabolism characteristics and countermeasures of waste tires in China
MENG Xian-hao, LIU Qiang, PAN Jing-jin, YANG Jian-xin
Material flow analysis (MFA) was used to quantitatively analyze the material flow and metabolism of waste tire treatment in China. Some strategies for optimizing the management status of waste tires were also proposed. The results show that waste tire generation in China presented continuous growth from 2011 to 2019. The generation was mainly from the heavy-duty trucks. Waste tire recycling in China had typical characteristics with large volume generation and low recycling rate. Material recycling was the primary recycling form and reclaimed rubber production was the most crucial recycling pathway. The recycling technologies of waste tires had a high material utilization rate. The released materials in the recycling processes were discharged in the form of rubber particles and organic gas emissions. Reclaimed rubber production was also the primary source of these released materials. Based on the results of material flow analysis, this paper proposed some countermeasures and suggestions associated with the generation, collection, and recycling stages, which were expected to support the optimization of sustainable management of the waste tire recycling industry in China.
2023 Vol. 43 (S1): 376-383 [Abstract] ( 65 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1258KB] ( 364 )
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