Impact of dissolved oxygen (DO) on pollutant removal and bacterial community structure was evaluated in a plug-flow activated sludge system. Results show that the bioprocess could still maintain high removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen from sewage when DO concentration decreased from 2.0 to 0.3mg/L, however, the nitrogen removal efficiency fluctuated greatly. The functional bacteria Proteobacteria remained dominant (~ 65%) under lower DO conditions, yet the total bacterial community structure changed in the aeration tank. The Nitrosomonas oligotropha-like ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, Nitrobacter winogradskyi spp., and Group1Nitrospira were identified as the major contributor of nitrification under low DO conditions. The quantitative PCR analysis showed that reducing DO concentration from 2.0 to 0.5mg/L enriched the nitrifiers (mainly Nitrospira), thereby ensuring complete nitrification under low DO conditions. The kinetics coefficient analysis also indicated that reducing DO concentration did not significantly affect the nitrifying bacterial growth, but retarded their decay to ensure biomass in the activated sludge system. These results provide positive support for wastewater treatment plants for saving energy by reducing DO concentration in the aeration tank.
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