Abstract:From the perspectives of mass transfer, anammox activity and stability, this study evaluated the effect of effluent reflux on the structure and function of Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) in EGSB reactor with or without reflux. The results showed that increased reflux provided better flow conditions, which enabled the substrate to better contact with granular sludge. When nitrogen load rate ranged from (3.16to 3.79) kg/N·(m3·d), the original removal rates of nitrite (60%) and ammonia nitrogen (65%) were increased to more than 95% and the specific anammox activity increased by 31.54%. With the increased gas production and granular activity by reflux, the internal pressure of bubbles in AnGS was increased due to the limited pore volume. The microstructure of AnGS was changed and the porosity of AnGS was increased from 41.3% to 59.4%. In addition, the higher shear force and better mass transfer effect caused by effluent reflux greatly improved the stability of AnGS. The effluent reflux maintained and enriched candidatus-Jettenia in the seed AnGS, and enabled some bacteria maintaining the stability of the AnGS and improving viability. The internal porous structure and efficient nitrogen removal of the AnGS (such as Simplicispira) leads to better stability (such as Rheinheimera), which is conducive to the stable operation of AnGS in practical engineering applications.
傅慧敏, 冷济轩, 翁勋, 晏鹏, 陈猷鹏. 出水回流对Anammox颗粒特性及其微生物群落的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(4): 1663-1671.
FU Hui-min, LENG Ji-xuan, WENG Xun, YAN Peng, CHEN You-peng. The effects of effluent reflux on characteristics and microbial community of anammox granular sludge. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(4): 1663-1671.
Peng M-W, Yu X-L, Guan Y, et al. Underlying promotion mechanism of high concentration of silver nanoparticles on anammox process[J]. ACS Nano, 2019,13(12):14500-14510.
[2]
Campos J L, del Val R A, Pedrouso A, et al. Granular biomass floatation:A simple kinetic/stoichiometric explanation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017,311:63-71.
[3]
Fu H-M, Peng M-W, Yan P, et al. Potential role of nanobubbles in dynamically modulating the structure and stability of anammox granular sludge within biological nitrogen removal process[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2021,784:147110.
[4]
Tang C-J, Zheng P, Mahmood Q. The shear force amendments on the slugging behavior of upflow Anammox granular sludge bed reactor[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2009,69(3):262-268.
[5]
Chen J W, Zheng P, Yu Y, et al. Promoting sludge quantity and activity results in high loading rates in Anammox UBF[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010,101(8):2700-2705.
[6]
Jin R-C, Yang G-F, Ma C, et al. Influence of effluent recirculation on the performance of Anammox process[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012,200:176-185.
[7]
Di I C, Ramadori R, Lopez A, et al. Influence of hydrodynamic shear forces on properties of granular biomass in a sequencing batch biofilter reactor[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006,30(2):152-157.
[8]
Reino C, Carrera J. Low-strength wastewater treatment in an anammox UASB reactor:Effect of the liquid upflow velocity[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017,313:217-225.
[9]
Liu J Z, Wang F W, Wu W T, et al. Biosorption of high-concentration Cu (II) by periphytic biofilms and the development of a fiber periphyton bioreactor (FPBR)[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018,248:127-134.
[10]
Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances[J]. Analytical chemistry, 1956,28(3):350-356.
[11]
Jia F, Yang Q, Liu X, et al. Stratification of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) for aggregated Anammox microorganisms[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(6):3260-3268.
[12]
Franca R D G, Pinheiro H M, van Loosdrecht M C M, et al. Stability of aerobic granules during long-term bioreactor operation[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2018,36(1):228-246.
[13]
Lu H F, Zheng P, Ji Q X, et al. The structure, density and settlability of anammox granular sludge in high-rate reactors[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012,123:312-317.
[14]
Wu J, Afridi Z U, Cao Z P, et al. Size effect of anaerobic granular sludge on biogas production:A micro scale study[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016,202:165-171.
[15]
Yang Y D, Zhang L, Cheng J, et al. Microbial community evolution in partial nitritation/anammox process:From sidestream to mainstream[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018,251:327-333.
[16]
Zhang R-C, Xu X-J, Chen C, et al. Interactions of functional bacteria and their contributions to the performance in integrated autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification[J]. Water Research, 2018,143:355- 366.
[17]
Wang B, Peng Y Z, Guo Y Y, et al. Illumina MiSeq sequencing reveals the key microorganisms involved in partial nitritation followed by simultaneous sludge fermentation, denitrification and anammox process[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016,207:118-125.
[18]
Lv P, Luo J, Zhuang X, et al. Diversity of culturable aerobic denitrifying bacteria in the sediment, water and biofilms in Liangshui River of Beijing, China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017,7(1):10032.
[19]
Wu Q, Xiao J, Fu L, et al. Microporous intermittent aeration vertical flow constructed wetlands for eutrophic water improvement[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020,27(14):16574- 16583.
[20]
Kang D, Lin Q, Xu D, et al. Color characterization of anammox granular sludge:Chromogenic substance, microbial succession and state indication[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,642:1320-1327.
[21]
Xing W, Wang Y, Hao T, et al. pH control and microbial community analysis with HCl or CO2 addition in H2-based autotrophic denitrification[J]. Water Research, 2020,168:115200.
[22]
Huang W, Gong B, Wang Y, et al. Metagenomic analysis reveals enhanced nutrients removal from low C/N municipal wastewater in a pilot-scale modified AAO system coupling electrolysis[J]. Water Research, 2020,173:115530.
[23]
Wang C, Liu S, Xu X, et al. Achieving mainstream nitrogen removal through simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification process in an integrated fixed film activated sludge reactor[J]. Chemosphere, 2018,203:457-466.
[24]
江肖良,李孟,张少辉,等.4种不同工况生物滤池净化效能与微生物特性分析[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(12):5503-5513. Jiang X L, Li M, Zhang S H. Purification efficiency and microbial characteristics of four biofilters operated under different conditions[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,39(12):5503-5513.
[25]
Kawaichi S, Yoshida T, Sako Y. Ardenticatena[M]//Bergey's manual of systematics of archaea and bacteria, 2015:1-4.
[26]
Xiang T, Gao D. Comparing two hydrazine addition strategies to stabilize mainstream deammonification:Performance and microbial community analysis[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,289:121710.
[27]
Li Y, Liu Y, Yong X. et al. Odor emission and microbial community succession during biogas residue composting covered with a molecular membrane[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,297:122518.
[28]
Qi W, Taherzadeh M J, Ruan Y, et al. Denitrification performance and microbial communities of solid-phase denitrifying reactors using poly (butylene succinate)/bamboo powder composite[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,305:123033.
[29]
Zhang S Q, Huang Y, Xing J L, et al. Response of anammox metacommunity to varying hydrodynamic wash[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2020,33:101096.
[30]
Tang X, Guo Y Z, Jiang B, et al. Metagenomic approaches to understanding bacterial communication during the anammox reactor start-up[J]. Water Research, 2018,136:95-103.
[31]
Brito A G, Melo L F. Mass transfer coefficients within anaerobic biofilms:effects of external liquid velocity[J]. Water Research, 1999, 33(17):3673-3678.
[32]
Wu L, Zhang L, Shi X, et al. Analysis of the impact of reflux ratio on coupled partial nitrification-anammox for co-treatment of mature landfill leachate and domestic wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015,198:207-214.
[33]
Jiang X F, Hou L J, Zheng Y L, et al. Salinity-driven shifts in the activity, diversity, and abundance of anammox bacteria of estuarine and coastal wetlands[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2017,97:46-53.
[34]
van der Star W R L, Miclea A I, van Dongen U G J M, et al. The membrane bioreactor:A novel tool to grow anammox bacteria as free cells[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2008,101(2):286-294.
[35]
Quan Z-X, Rhee S-K, Zuo J-E, et al. Diversity of ammonium- oxidizing bacteria in a granular sludge anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) reactor[J]. Environmental microbiology, 2008,10(11):3130-3139.
[36]
张凯,孙梦侠,梁东博,等.上升流速对CANON工艺稳定性及微生物群落的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(4):1737-1745. Zhang K, Sun M X, Liang D B, et al. The Effect of upflow velocity on CANON process stability and microbial community[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(4):1737-1745.
[37]
武文君,刘秀红,崔斌,等.溶解氧对Anammox滤池内功能菌群及活性的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,41(3):1415-1421. Wu W J, Liu X H, Cui B, et al. Effect of dissolved oxygen on the community and activities of functional bacteria in anammox biofilter[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,41(3):1415-1421.