基于激光红外成像的城市河流微塑料表征与来源解析

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摘要以北京典型城市河流——通惠河为例,基于激光红外成像系统,对微塑料的赋存特征、潜在来源及生态风险进行了系统研究.结果表明,通惠河表层水体中的微塑料丰度为10~41个/L,平均丰度为(21.60±10.5)个/L;研究共检测出16种不同类型的微塑料,其中丰度较高的三类分别为聚酰胺(PA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS),其检出率分别为25.90%、22.20%和18.10%;水体中微塑料以粒径£200μm的小颗粒为主,其占总颗粒数的91.20%;在形状方面,通惠河薄膜状微塑料占比最高,颗粒状次之,纤维状占比最低,三者所占比例依次为67.59%、22.69%和9.72%.根据实地调研和微塑料表征结果,推测通惠河微塑料可能来源于岸边生活垃圾的破碎风化、排污管道的老化以及污水处理厂出水中的微塑料残留.风险评估结果表明,通惠河下游水体微塑料潜在生态风险指数处于危险和非常危险等级,且PVC微塑料是引起通惠河水生态系统风险加剧的主要塑料类型.因此建议相关部门加强对人为源塑料尤其是PVC塑料的源头管控,为城市河流的生态环境安全与保护提供支撑.

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关键词 ：微塑料, 城市河流, 激光红外成像, 来源, 风险评估

Abstract：Taking Tonghui River, a typical urban river in Beijing, as an example, the occurrence characteristics, potential sources and ecological risks of microplastics in urban rivers were systematically studied based on laser infrared imaging system. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the surface water of the river ranged from 10 to 41pieces/L, with a mean value of (21.60±10.5) pieces/L. Additionally, a total of 16different types of microplastics were detected in our study, among which the three types with high abundance were polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), with the detection rates of 25.90%, 22.20% and 18.10%, respectively. Moreover, fine microplastics with particle size £200μm dominated in the river, which accounted for 91.20% of the total number of particles. In terms of microplastic shape, film accounted for the largest proportion (67.59%), followed by granules (22.69%) and fiber (9.72%). Finally, according to the results of field investigation and microplastic characterization, we proposed that microplastics in the Tonghui River probably originated from the weathering of domestic garbage on the shore, the aging of sewage pipelines, and the residues in the effluent of sewage treatment plants. The results of risk assessment showed that the potential ecological risk index of microplastics in the lower reaches of Tonghui River was at dangerous and very dangerous levels, and PVC microplastics were the main types of plastics that caused the increased risk of the water ecosystem in the river. Thus, it is recommended that the government strengthen the source control of man-made plastics, especially PVC plastics, to provide support for the ecological environment safety and protection of urban rivers.

Key words： microplastics urban rivers Laser Direct Infrared Imaging sources risk assessment

收稿日期: 2023-06-05

PACS:

X522

基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-TP-20-059A1);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3201902)

通讯作者: 刘沙沙,讲师,liushasha@ustb.edu.cn E-mail: liushasha@ustb.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘沙沙(1988-),女,山东菏泽人,讲师,博士,主要从事天然与人为产生的有机质环境行为研究.发表论文50余篇.liushasha@ustb.edu.cn.

引用本文:

刘沙沙, 邱月, 张茜, 索诚宇, 任艺. 基于激光红外成像的城市河流微塑料表征与来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(12): 6700-6711. LIU Sha-sha, QIU Yue, ZHANG Xi, SUO Cheng-yu, REN Yi. Characterization and source analysis of microplastics in urban rivers based on Laser Direct Infrared Imaging. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(12): 6700-6711.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I12/6700

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