Remote sensing data, ground monitoring data, meteorological data were used for analyzing effects on the haze pollution from autumn crop residue burning over the Jing-Jin-Ji region during the period from October 12^th to 16^th in 2016. Results indicate that smoke aerosol was found in the atmosphere based on the CALIPSO aerosol subtype products, which means this heavy pollution process was related to the pollutant transmission from the crop residue burning in the surrounding regions. Measurements of AERONET (aerosol robotic network) Beijing site show that aerosol volume size distribution was characterized by bio-modal distribution on October 13^th, and the volume median radii and concentration of fine aerosol mode were 0.33μm and 0.145μm³/μm², respectively. Meanwhile, aerosol volume size distribution was characterized by unimodal distribution on October 14^th, and the volume concentration of fine aerosol mode reached 0.34μm³/μm². According to the ground monitoring data, the concentrations of PM_2.5, CO and SO₂ increased significantly, and the largest values were 339μg/m³, 2mg/m³and 20μg/m³, respectively. Notably, correlation coefficients between the number of crop residue burning spots and CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5 reached 0.65, 0.79 and 0.68, respectively, which indicates that the crop residue burning impact the air quality significantly. The HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model) backward trajectory model was used to simulate the pollutant transport. The backward trajectory results show that the air mass went through crop residue burning area, and then arrived in Jing-Jin-Ji region on 14^th October. The air mass carried large number of polluting gases and particulate matter, and aggravated the haze pollution. In addition, the weak surface wind field with average wind speed of 1m/s, was not conducive to pollutant dispersion and dilution. The high humidity (mean value of 77.8%) led the hygroscopic growth of aerosol in the air. The stability of the atmosphere is adverse to the pollutant diffusion, and prolongs the process of pollution. Therefore, the heavy haze pollution occurred during the period from October 12^th to 16^th in 2016 accounts for the combination of natural and human factors, namely the local pollutant emission and transmission due to crop residue burning, the local vehicle exhaust, the stability of the atmosphere and the abundant water vapor near the surface.

The data of consecutive observations of Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL), achieved at in the northern suburb of Nanjing, was analysed and variations of the aerosol with temperature, humidity and SO₂ concentration data were preliminary discussed. It was showed that at the near surface (300m) depolarization ratio of aerosol was larger at 0~10 o'clock with the peak value up to 0.163 at 05:00AM; the depolarization ratio had a negative correlation with temperature, strong positive correlation with humidity and SO₂ concentration; under the conditions of low temperature, high relative humidity and high SO₂ level, SO₂ was more likely to be oxidized to produce non spherical, sulfate aerosol particles.

It was presented that a contrastive study on the AIRS retrieval results and the observational data of methane concentration at Waliguan atmospheric background station, and was analyzed that the distribution variation characteristics of atmospheric methane concentration over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2003 to 2015. It was showed that the AIRS retrieval data displayed the same monthly, annual and seasonal variation trend, as well as segmental variation characteristics, with those of Waliguan station. The methane concentration was featured high in the southeast and low in the northwest along with the geographical line of the east edge of Qiangtang Plateau-the northwest region of Resource of Three rivers, and decreased significantly as the altitude rose, with the highest and the most sensitive variability in the south central region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. From 2003 to 2015, the methane concentration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau continued to rise, with the fastest growth in autumnand the slowest in winter, at an annual growth rate of 5.2nmol/(mol·a), while the growth rate from 2013 to 2015 was lower than the global average. The seasonal variation showed a unimodal curve, with the highest value in summer and the lowest value in spring, and with the altitude rising, the seasonal variation was more significant.

Organophosphates esters (OPEs) in dust collected from the classrooms of university and residencial sites were determined using GC-MS. Concentrations and profiles of seven OPEs including Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP), Triphenyl Phosphate (TPhP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), Trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP) and Tridichloropropyl phosphate (TDCPP) were discussed in this work. The concentration of Σ7OPEs varied from 317.44 to 2566.97ng/g, which is lower than those reported in the developed countries. TnBP, TCPP and TPhP exhibited high detection rates in all the dust samples. Particularly, the detection rate of OPEs was 100% for air-conditioning dust, while it was zero for the supermaket dust. The Σ7OPEs with high concentration (1836.85~2566.97ng/g) were observed in the samples related to strong human activities, such as gymnasium, dormitories, classrooms and copy shop, while it was relatively low in the parking lot (317.44ng/g). Phenylphosphate, with mean concentration of 937.26ng/g, dominated the TPhP profile (56%) in the dust from classroom, while the chloro phosphates with mean concentration of 448.12ng/g dominated the TCPP profile in the residential dust (60%). The average exposure of OPEs for adults was estimated to be 0.60ng/(kg·d). It was lower than that of children (2.51ng/(kg·d)) due to the prominent exposure path through mouth for children.

The characteristics of airborne microbes were carried out detailedly by culture-dependent method at four typical sampling sites in Hangzhou. Results showed that the concentration of total microbes, bacteria, and fungi ranged from 24 to 10135CFU/m³, 0 to 3252CFU/m³, 0 to 8767CFU/m³, respectively, and the mean concentration was 1140, 292, and 848CFU·m^-3, respectively. In general, the concentration of airborne bacteria was significantly higher than that of airborne fungi, and the concentration percentage of airborne bacteria and fungi was 29.1% and 70.9%, respectively. Significant difference of airborne microbes was observed at different sampling sites in Hangzhou, and the maximum concentration was found at ZJGSUJC (1413CFU/m³), followed by YRBS (1174CFU/m³) and BLQG (1137CFU/m³), with a minimum at TJCR (834CFU/m³). Amongst all the airborne bacteria, Micrococcus was the most dominant bacterial genus, followed by Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Kocuria and Pseudomonas, all of these five bacteria genera accounted for about 55.26% to 59.48% of total airborne bacteria. The predominant fungal genera were Penicillium (29.49%), Cladosporium (21.43%), Alternaria (10.98%), Mycelia sterilia (10.88%), and Aspergillus (7.74%), respectively. Results provide the first-hand information on airborne microbes in Hangzhou, and provide theoretical guidance for city management departments to develop relevant environmental policies and regulations, and also lay a foundation for the overall grasp of urban microbial characteristics in the air in China.

A Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Spectrometer (WIBS) was operated continuously from August 1to August 31 in 2015 at an urban sampling site in Shenzhen, China. The average number concentrations of the three fluorescent channels, i.e., FL1, FL2 and FL3, were 0.41, 0.61 and 0.24cm^-3, respectively. The fluorescent aerosol particles (FAPs) was further divided into seven types according to their fluorescence thresholds. The mean number concentrations of the two dominant types, i.e., Type B and Type BC, were 0.214cm^-3 and 0.202cm^-3. Different diurnal variations of fluorescent particles was also observed, but they generally showed a low value in the daytime and a high value at night. Most of the number size distributions of FAPs showed a peak at 1.1μm except Type ABC, whose peak was at 2.2μm. In order to discuss the influence of non-biological fluorescence components on bioaerosol measurement, the correlation analysis and principal component analysis among black carbon, acetonitrile, m/z44, and different FAP types were applied. The results showed that most of the FAP types were interfered by different non-biological components, but Type C showed a weak correlation with all the pollution source markers. The mean number concentration of Type C was 0.016cm^-3, which could be a more reliable value for the real bioaerosols. This study found that non-biological fluorescent components had a large influence on the measurement of bioaerosols based on the fluorescence detection in urban environment.

Airborne bacterial community characteristics in winter haze days in Qingdao were studied using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. 807104 sequences obtained could be divided into 874 OTUs on 97% similarity level, and 344 OTUs were assigned to the genus level. The results showed that the bacterial community structure and diversity in bioaerosols varied significantly when the haze occurred. From non-haze day to severe haze day, both community richness and diversity of airborne bacteria decreased, and the difference of airborne bacterial community richness among particle sizes decreased gradually, while the difference of airborne bacterial community diversity among particle sizes increased gradually. The dominant bacteria in non-haze day were Pseudomonas, Veillonella and Sphingomonas, while the dominant bacteria changed into Sphingomonas in haze days. During this haze event, Sphingomonas, whose concentration increased, as well as new-detected Dermacoccus, Fusobacterium, Sneathia and Flavobacterium were pathogens, may have health risks.

Secondary components are important composition of PM_2.5, mainly including SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺ and SOA. 513 PM_2.5 samples were collected at six sampling sites in Nanjing during four seasons from October 2014 to August 2015. Based on the chemical compositions, temporal and spatial characteristics of secondary components of PM_2.5 in Nanjing were analyzed. On averagely, the secondary components accounted for about 57.7% of the PM_2.5 mass concentration. Concentrations of SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺ and SOA were 11.9, 12.5, 7.7 and 8.7μg/m³, with proportions of 17.2%, 16.9%, 10.5% and 13.1%, respectively, and 98.8% of SO₄^2- was non-sea-salt-originated. The value of[NO₃^-]/[SO₄^2-] had been increasing rapidly in recent yearsand reached about 1.0 in 2015, suggesting that vehicle pollution hasbeen aggravated in Nanjing. The contents of NO₃^-, NH₄⁺ and SOA in Nanjing werehigh in autumnand winter, lower in spring and summer, but SO₄^2- shows the opposite trend. Proportion of secondary componentswasthe highest (73.5%) in the outer suburb of the city, followed by suburb regions (59.0%), and lowest in city center and industrial region (57.3%, 57.4%), reflecting different sources in different regions.Proportions of NO₃^- kept steadily increasing with PM_2.5 concentrations rise, suggestingvehicle pollution may play a more important role in heavy haze pollution episodes. This study contributes to deepen understanding of the sources of PM_2.5 in Nanjing, and provides a scientific basis for the haze pollution control.

PM₁₀ mass concentration variations in the Yangtze River Delta Region and the causes were investigated, using measurement of PM₁₀ mass concentration and meteorology during 2010~2015 at the regional representative Lin'an Regional Atmosphere Background Station. The results show that PM₁₀mass concentration met the Grade 2 Standard specified in the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3096-2012) for 96.17% during 2010~2015. Diurnal PM₁₀ mass concentration showed the maximum value at 09:00 and 20:00, minimum at 06:00 and 13:00, and it also presented a "weekend effect" with higher value on weekend than on weekdays. Monthly variation showed the lowest PM₁₀ mass concentration in July in summer and the highest in January, which negatively correlated with visibility. Annual average of PM₁₀ mass concentration at Lin'an decreased from 79μg/m³ to 56μg/m³ from 2010 to 2015, which is a moderate concentration level in China. PM₁₀ mass concentration correlated well with relative humidity, daily precipitation and local air pressure. Stronger wind also had greater impact on PM₁₀ mass concentration. Back-trajectories and cluster analysis reveal that prevailing air masses were from the northwest and the north in spring, autumn, and winter, and from the sea and the coastal areas in the east in summer. Throughout the years, the dominant air masses were from the north, followed by southerly and east marine air masses. It is concluded that the majority air mass at Lin'an arrived from Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian and the north region. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results suggest that PM₁₀ pollution may mainly originate from the areas around the Yangtze River Delta region, including Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.

The consolidated soil layer (CSL) was composed of fly ash (FA) and polyacrylamide (PAM), and its property was similar to soil. The resistance to wind erosion of CSLs was studied using an indoor wind tunnel under simulated wind erosion conditions. The CSL was a mixture of FA (10% and 20%), PAM (0.05% and 0.1%) and the experimental soil (classified as a sandy soil), named as T1, T2, T3, and T4. The results showed that the threshold wind speed of the sandy soil was significantly increased due to the formation of CSL by FA and PAM, exhibiting an increasing trend with increasing addition rate of FA and PAM. The wind erosion amounts of different CSLs were all decreased when compared with that of the sandy soil. The resistance to wind erosion of the CSL consisting of 10% FA and 0.1% PAM was strongest.

A coupled WRF/Noah/UCM model was employed to investigate the change of the underlying surface and simulate the impacts of urban expansion in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) on regional meteorological conditions in winter (January) and summer (July) in the future. The land use types were updated in the WRF model based on "the full scale strategic planning of the Pearl River Delta for the period of 2014~2020". In WRF model simulation, the GlobCover 2009 (GLC2009) underlying surface data were used in the control experiment, while the updated one was employed in the sensitivity experiment. Several conclusions can be drawn from this study:significant changes of surface energy balance were observed due to the change of the underlying surface types that are caused by urban expansion; urban temperatures in the PRD region increase by 0.75℃ and 1.20℃ respectively in January and in July; relative humidity decrease by 2.61% and by 6.88% respectively in January and in July; urban heat island effect will be strengthened; the temperature difference between urban areas and rural areas increased by 0.21℃ and by 0.41℃ respectively in January and in July; the superimposing effect of thermal circulation and the large-scale circulation resultd in decrease of the wind speed by 0.11m/s in January and increase by 0.11m/s in July. In addition, changes near the surface can influence the whole boundary layer and increase the boundary layer height.

Based on the technology of atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma in air, a multilayer mesh-like contact type electrode structure was used to form a large-area, uniform and stable glow discharge in the flue. During the discharge process, particles with high oxidative activity (·OH, O, O₃) were generated to remove the SO₂ and NO_x in flue gas. The characteristics of glow discharge plasma and the mechanism of desulfurization and denitrification with the contact electrode were discussed. The effects caused by different electrode layer numbers, oxygen concentrations and initial concentrations of gas to be treated were also analyzed. The results showed that removal rates of 96.3% for SO₂, 36.7% for NO_x, and oxidation rate of 91.2% for NO were obtained in the following experimental conditions:the layer number of mesh-like electrodes was 6; the concentration of oxygen was 8%; the reaction time of flue gas was 1.2s.With its high density of charged particles, the glow discharge plasma showed good energy utilization efficiency in the flue gas treatment.

The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification bioreactors in this research were packed with a new type of solid phase carbon source NS, which was invented based on PHBV. The removal rate of nitrogen and nonylphenol (NP) in the reactor was investigated. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR (qCPR) were applied to analyze the microbial community structure and functional genes. The removal rates of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen were 96.18% and 82.54%, respectively. Average COD concentration was 27.48mg/L in effluent.The average removal efficiency of NP was 81.17%. The results of high-throughput sequencing illustrated that the previously reported denitrifiers including Dechloromonas, Rhodocyclaceae and Zoogloea were the dominant microbe genus on the surface of solid carbon when NP was not added. The estimated total number of bacteria species and α diversity decreased after NP was added in the influent. According to outcomes of qPCR, functional genes of nitrogen cycle had rich abundance in the bioreactor. Abundances of nirS gene and amoA gene were the highest and lowest, respectively. However, nirS abundance reduced when NP was added in the influent.

Degradation kinetics and substituents transformation mechanisms of different substituted phenols (4C2NP/4N2CP/2NP/4CP) in the objective UV/NO₂^-/NO₃^- system were investigated. In this study, several specific decomposition mechanisms of the studied substrates were proposed. At pH=1.50, the highest reaction rate constant was observed in the UV/NO₂^-/NO₃^- system, reaching 10.3×10^-4min^-1. In the objective UV/NO₂^-/NO₃^- system, the decomposition rate of 2NP was inhibited indistinctively at different pH values due to the characteristic of nitro substituent having an significantly negative influence in benzene activation. Based on the major intermediates identified, re-nitration, chlorination, denitrochlorination and oxidation mechanisms were mainly involved in UV/NO₂^-/NO₃^-/4CP system, which revealed the release/accumulation processes of nitro substituent and the mutual transformations between chloro substituent and chloride ion.

The water-soluble N-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method, which was used to dope titanium dioxide to form P25/NCQDs composite materials. The morphology, elemental and catalytic activity of NCP composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis Absorption Spectroscopy (UV-vis). The results show that the NCQDs was successfully attached to the surface of P25. NCQDs could let the absorption spectrum of P25 redshift and enhance the light absorption range of P25. The photocatalytic degradation of mefenamic acid (MEF) by NCP was 6.4 times higher than bare P25 under the same conditions. The effects of NCP composite on the photocatalytic degradation of MEF was also studied. The pH was favorable for the degradation of MEF in alkaline condition. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results show that the hydroxyl radical was the main active substance in the NCP system. The contribution rate of ·OH for MEF degradation was 82.9% through the quenching experiment by add isopropanol as scavenger.

The recovery of phosphorus from excess sludge by the crystallization of struvite has a good prospect. However, it may be influenced by some organic matter in excess sludge, especially by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). To elucidate the effect mechanism of EPS, struvite crystallization from supersaturated solutions was investigated in the presence of sodium alginate (SA) presenting similar properties to EPS based on the characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The results indicated that the growth rate and crystal size of struvite crystals significantly decreased with an increase of the SA concentration in a range of 0mg/L to 250mg/L. This phenomenon was assigned to the adsorption of SA on the growth site of struvite. Moreover, the adsorption was attributed to the interaction between Mg²⁺, POH in struvite crystals and the groups of COOH, C=O, COC in SA, whereas NH₄⁺ was not involved in the interaction.

Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that is extensively used in various consumer care products. It entered the aquatic environment, mainly through municipal and industrial effluents, which acted by hindering one of the highly conserved enzymes of bacterial fatty-acid biosynthesis. It was noted that laccase could catalyze one-electron oxidation of phenolic pollutants into radical intermediates, and subsequently coupled to each other via the covalent binding. In this study, the transformation of triclosan in aqueoussolution was investigated by laccase-mediated enzyme-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions (E-COCRs) in the absence and presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT, a redox mediator). The transformation products of triclosan were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and the transformation mechanism of triclosan was also proposed. Results indicated that laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus was effective in removing triclosan, and the presence of HBT significantly improved triclosan removal. The reactions followed the apparent pseudo first-order kinetics during 0~4h incubation (R² ≥ 0.9465), the rate constant (k) values were respectively 0.43 and 0.95/h in the absence and presence of HBT, and the removal half-life (T_1/2) values were 1.60 and 0.73h, respectively. The oligomerization (dimers, trimers and tetramers) of triclosan was identified as the dominant reaction pathway by laccase without HBT present, whereas the ether cleavage led to triclosan decomposition (2,4-dichlorophenol and 3-chlorophenol) in the presence of HBT was the predominant pathway. These findings presented in this study provide a novel insight into the fate and transformation of triclosan by laccase-mediated E-COCRs in aquatic environment in the absence and presence of HBT.

Effect of silver ions, silver ions-UV combined disinfection on microbes was investigated by using a domestic hot water biofilm annular reactor. The results showed that silver ion dosage had a significant effect on the inactivation of microbes. The disinfection by 0.05mg/L silver ion achieved excellent microbial inactivation effect in 60min. Low dosage of silver ion had the same disinfection efficiency when the sterilization time was increased. The inactivation rate of Escherichia Coli by silver ion was low. Hence, adequate concentration and disinfection (CT) value need to be ensured. The concentration of silver ions attenuated slowly, resulting in high-efficiency inactivation ratio above 48h. Moreover, the significant damage to the biofilm structure was caused by all three disinfection method in a very short period. Among them, UV disinfection had the least effect on biofilm structure, while silver ion-UV combined disinfection had the greatest effect on biofilm structure. It was demonstrated by 16s rDNA approaches that the sterilization ratio of silver ions to pathogenic microorganism was relatively low and the sterilization ratio of UV and silver ion-UV combined disinfection was relatively high on the contrary. Therefore, silver ion-UV combined disinfection possessing the advantages of both UV disinfection and silver ion disinfection, comprehensively improves the domestic hot water biofilm microbial disinfection efficiency, which is a valuable technology for domestic hot water disinfection.

A bimetallic catalyst, Co-Mn oxide (CoMnO_x), was prepared via sol-gel method to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce oxygen species for degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7). The effects of CoMnO_x dosage, PMS dosage, AO7 dosage, and initial pH on removal efficiency of AO7 were investigated. The experimental results indicated that high CoMnO_x and PMS dosage had a prominent impact on the degradation of AO7, weak acid initial pH condition enhance the degradation efficiency, but the increasing of AO7 dosage had anopposite effect, the degradation rate of AO7 could reach 95.28% under the best reaction condition. By adding different radical scavengers:ethylalcohol (EA) and tertbutylalcohol (TBA), the oxygen species were identified as sulfate radical (SO₄^-·) and hydroxyl radical (OH·)in which SO₄^-·made the predominant contribution. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the major component of the CoMnO_x catalyst was MnCo₂O₄, in which the mole percentage of Co²⁺, Co³⁺, Mn²⁺, Mn³⁺, lattice oxygen and surface hydroxyl oxygen were 27.94%, 6.16%, 11.42%, 19.99%, 25.99%, 8.68%.

To study the influence of humic acid on the adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) by zinc oxide, the adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) on zinc oxide in different environment conditions were investigated, by changing the order of addition and dosage of HA. The mechanism of fate and transport of Cu (Ⅱ) in the water environment was also proposed. The results showed that the adsorption Cu(Ⅱ) on zinc oxide could be significantly reduced by adding HA, and that the Cu (Ⅱ) maximum adsorption decreased 61.74% by adding 50mg/L HA in the pH of 5.05. The Cu (Ⅱ) adsorption increased by increasing the ionic strength, the maximum adsorption was 21.79mg/g when the concentration of NaNO₃ was 1.0mol/L. When the pH value was 5.05 the adsorption reached the maximum; and temperature was in favor of Cu (Ⅱ) adsorption on zinc oxide. Cu (Ⅱ) adsorption on zinc oxide fitted the Freundlich model well. The adding orders of HA influence the Cu (Ⅱ) adsorption as the following:non-adding > adding after > adding simultaneously > adding ahead. The characteristics of infrared spectra showed that HA and Cu (Ⅱ) form competitive adsorption on the surface adsorption and surface hydroxyl of zinc oxide play an important role in adsorption of HA and Cu (Ⅱ).

A combination of microbubble catalytic ozonation and biological process was used for advanced treatment of bio-treated coal chemical wastewater (BCCW). Contaminant removal performance in the combination system was investigated. Degradation of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatics and biodegradability variation of BCCW were discussed during combination treatment. The average COD removal efficiency of 26.4% and the average COD loading rate removed of 1.46kg/(m³·d) could be achieved in microbubble catalytic ozonation treatment. Moreover, the BOD₅/COD value of BCCW increased from 0.038 to 0.30 after microbubble catalytic ozonation treatment, which could improve COD removal performance in the following biological process. The total COD removal efficiency of the combination system reached to 62.4%, which was much better than that of biological treatment alone. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatics in BCCW could be degraded efficiently by microbubble catalytic ozonation treatment, releasing ammonia nitrogen which could be removed further in the following biological treatment. In addition, the total UV₂₅₄ removal efficiency in the combination system was 68.9%. The GC-MS, UV-Vis spectra and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra of BCCW were analyzed during combination treatment. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatics were identified to be the main refractory contaminants in BCCW, and microbubble catalytic ozonation was effective for degradation of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatics, to generate low-molecular-weight organics and improve BCCW biodegradability.

Structural change of iron and manganese oxide sludge which were calcined in air at different temperatures, was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microcopy, differential thermogravimetry and nitrogen adsorption analysis for specific surface area, respectively. And also the adsorption behaviors towards As was investigated. The results show that the iron and manganese oxide sludge is amorphous structure, with high efficiency of arsenical removal, due to its characteristics of small particle size and big specific surface area. Crystallization water beganto lose at 150℃, and specific surface area and pore volume had a little change, with As (Ⅲ) and As (V) removal rate increased slightly corresponding. Dehydroxylation reaction at 500℃ made the micropores gradually merge into mesopores, leading to the decrease of specific surface area, and further dramatically decrease of As (Ⅲ) and As (V) removal rate by 30% of the original value. As the temperature rising to 800℃, the micropores and mesopores gradually merged into macropores, resulting in the increase of the average pore diameter by 10nm, and the reduce of the specific surface area and pore volume to 12.755m²/g and 0.052cm³/g, meanwhile the sintering phenomenon generated between hematite crystal particles,which made the removal rate of As (Ⅲ) and As (V) plunge to about 10% of the original value.

In a post-anoxic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) system treating domestic wastewater, the realization of nitritation and denitrifying phosphorus removal by nitrite pathway and its removal efficiency was investigated. The results indicated that nitritation and denitrifying phosphorus removal in low concentration of ammonia water at room temperature was established by the strategy of sludge discharge in condition of limited oxygen. The effluent of COD、TP、NH₄⁺-N、TN was 17.47mg/L,0.462mg/L,0mg/L and 8.35mg/L, respectively. According to batch experiments, the ratio of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms which took nitrite as electron acceptor in total poly-phosphate accumulating organisms could reached 70%. Studies had found that 140mins anoxic reaction time could have negative effects on phosphorus removal, and anoxic reaction time should be controlled in the completion of the nitrite consumption. Aeration mode affected the removal of nitrogen. With total oxygen changeless, adopted the strategy of high to low strength aeration(1.2~0.2L/min), nitrogen removal efficiency could be improved.

The surface water and groundwater transformation is a critical issue within hydrology circle, and their interactions are focused and difficult in the fields of hydrology, geology and environment. To analyze the exchange features between surface water and groundwater and improve researches on water resources analysis and evaluation, material movement, and energy distribution, the researches on surface water-groundwater cycle and their interactions in recent 20years were systematically analyzed and investigated. By summarizing the related research fields and core problems under natural factors and human activities, it concluded the commonly used research methods and modeling technologies. Through the comparison of related studies, it showed that comprehensive study methods (different experiment methods, analytical method and numerical method) combined with new technologies were paid more attention, and surface water and groundwater interactions research coupling natural factors and human activities became frontiers and major focuses.

Shitoukoumen Reservoir Catchment Basin was selected as a study area to analyze the influence of the model parameters uncertainty on the simulation results of non-point source pollution. A non-point source pollution simulation model was established by SWAT combining Monte Carlo methods, which was applied to analyze the uncertainty of the parameters of non-point source pollution mechanism model. However, it is time consuming if SWAT model is called directly during the model running process. Therefore, a surrogate model was established to replace SWAT model by Kriging method. The results showed that the surrogate model could not only reduce the computation load, but also demonstrate an ideal accuracy. It was found that the output of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 0.98×10³ to 1.67×10³t/a and from 0.29×10³ to 0.84×10³t/a at a confidence level of 90%, and the output of NH₃-N showed the greater uncertainty compared with that of TP.

Aiming at the present status of lacking the study on the relative strength between internal waves and water upwelling around the world, a new method of approximate calculation was proposed to calculate the relative contribution to mixing by the internal waves and water upwelling under various conditions. At the same conditions of temperature gradient, thickness of the thermocline and aerator outlet position, when the aeration flow rate increased from 62.5L/(h·m³) to 125L/(h·m³), the contribution rate of the internal waves to the artificial mixing dropped from 82% to 50%. At the same conditions of temperature gradient, aeration rate and aerator outlet position, with the increase of thermocline thickness, the contribution rate of the internal waves to the artificial mixing increased from 78.5% to 83.5%. Compared with the cases without the wave dissipation device, the effective power rates for mixing were increased by more than 40%. A/T is the most fundamental factor which influences the mixing by the internal waves. Experimental results indicate that the internal waves only require very little energy to induce strong mixing, which is totally different to that of water upwelling induced by aeration, namely the mixing by internal waves was more efficient in energy consumption. There are broad prospects of applying the internal waves to destroy stratification and to improve water quality in stratified source water reservoirs.

In order to explore the feasibility of CaO₂ used in Modified Fenton (MF) technology for remediation of contaminated groundwater, series static batch test and dynamic simulation column experiments were carried out to characterize the deposition and migration of nano CaO₂ in water and aquifer respectively. The effect of pH, Fe²⁺ concentration and CaO₂ dosage on the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) using nano CaO₂ was also evaluated. The results show that the nano CaO₂ particles, coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), were in the size of 30~50nm. The surface modified nano CaO₂ particles were well dispersed in the solution, then a stable colloidal system was formed. Good migration performance was observed for nano CaO₂ in aquifer, even in fine sand porous media with a low permeability. 2,4-DCP was effectively removed by the nano CaO₂ MF system. The optimal condition for the degradation of 2,4-DCP in this experiment was at pH value as 5, the molar ratio of Fe²⁺ to 2,4-DCP as 8:1, and the molar ratio of CaO₂ to 2,4-DCP as 96:1.These results show that nano CaO₂ has a good application prospect in site remediation.

In order to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals, and to discriminate their sources and potential ecological risks in surface sediments of the Hejiang River, a sum of 41surface sediment samples were collected. Total contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V, Zn and Fe in these samples were measured by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the inductive plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to deduce its potential emission sources of these elements. Geo-accumulation index (I_geo), enrichment factor (EF) and the Hakanson's potential ecological risk index (E_rⁱ and RI) were calculated to evaluate the pollution degree and ecological risk level of heavy metals in sediments, respectively. Results showed that the contents of heavy metals in sediments were impacted by human activities in different extent, only the average contents of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Tl and Zn were higher than the background values. The calculated I_geos and EFs also showed that the contaminated degree of heavy metals in a descending order were Sb > As > Cd > Pb > Zn > Tl > Cu > Mn > Co > V > Ni > Cr, besides, the Hejiang River was not contaminated by Co, Ni, V and Cr. The ecological risk indexes (E_rⁱ) for all selected metals in a descending order were Sb > Tl > As > Cd > Pb > Cu > Co >Ni > Zn > V > Mn > Cr. Compared with the assessment results of Geo-accumulation index (I_geo) and enrichment factor (EF), E_rⁱ can more scientifically reflect the aquatic environmental quality and ecological hazards of sediments. Moreover, the comprehensive indexes of potential ecological risks (RI) for heavy metals ranged from 65.63 to 1142, and the sum E_rⁱ value of As, Cd, Sb and Tl accounted for 88.30% of RI, suggesting that the Hejiang River occured high potential ecological risk of As, Cd, Sb and Tl. The PCA results showed that the cumulative proportion of the first two components accounted for 79.80% of the total variables, suggesting that As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Tl and Zn were controlled by anthropogenic source including agricultural activities, urban wastewater, aquaculture and mining industry, and Fe, Co, Cr, Ni and V were mainly contributed by natural sources such as rock weathering.

In order to effectively deal with waste solar panels, Si and PET mixed particles were used as raw materials, separation efficiency of Si and PET mixed particles were studied through orthogonal experiment with different voltage (U), speed (N), electrode spacing (S) and corona electrode angle (θ) conditions, on the basis of the preliminary optimization of single factor test. The results showed that the optimal parameter settings of Si particles in the sorting process were as follows:U=25kV, N=80r/min, S=65mm and θ=50°, and the influencing factors were ordered as followed:S > N > θ > U; the optimal parameter settings of middling in the sorting process were as follows:U=25kV, N=80r/min, S=65mm, and θ=50°, and the influencing factors were ordered as followed:S > N > θ > U; the optimal parameter settings of PET particles in the sorting process were as follows:U=27.5kV, N=80r/min, S=65mm and θ=40°, and the influencing factors were ordered as followed:U > θ > N > S. This study contributes to the efficient recycling of valuable resources from waste solar panels by the electrostatic separation.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil aggregate stability, distribution of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in different size aggregates from three restoration communities (young plantation land, shrub land and abandoned forestland) after clear-cutting Pinus tabulaeformis plantation, undisturbed Pinus tabulaeformis plantation were control treatment. The results showed that soil aggregates were dominated by macro aggregate (>250μm). Aggregate stability were significantly different among those restoration communities (P<0.05). The soil aggregate stability in young plantation land was significantly lower than that in the control treatment, while the aggregate stability in shrub land and abandoned forestland were significantly higher than those in the control treatment. Content of easily extractable GRSP (EE-GRSP) had similar changes with aggregate stability among all restoration communities; Content of total GRSP (T-GRSP) in shrub land significant higher than that in the control treatment. On the other hand, the content of EE-GRSP in clay-silt aggregate (<53μm) was highest than other size aggregates, while the content of T-GRSP in micro aggregate (53~250μm) was the highest than other size. The aggregate stability significantly varied among restoration communities, and the changes of EE-GRSP content was consistent with aggregate stabilities among restoration communites. Our results indicated content of T-GRSP in macro aggregate was a better index to reflect SOC pool than those in other size aggregates. Moreover, the aggregate stability was mainly depending on the GRSP in macro aggregate.

Wind effects on P control by two P inactivation agents (thermally-treated calcium-rich attapulgite and lanthanum modified bentonite (Phoslock)) using Y-shaped sediment resuspension generation apparatus was studied. The results indicated that addition of P inactivation agents could solidify the surface sediment and reduce the erosion depth accordingly when suffer from frequent wind disturbance. Furthermore, the suspended particulate matter (SPM) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) also could be reduced compared with control treatment. The forms of calcium bounded P and inert P were also increased with the addition of P inactivation agents. Strong wind increased sediment erosion depth, concentrations of SPM and SRP in overlying water and sediment mobile P content when compared with moderate wind disturbance. The percentage of calcium bounded P and inert P in sediment under the influence of strong wind was also reduced in comparison to moderate wind. This results indicated that even wind can exert great influence on sediment P inactivation while which still could be used in shallow eutrophic lake restoration.

pot experiments was conducted to evaluate the potentials of exudates of sorghum sudanense in reinforcing the phytoremediation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), the removal efficiencies of OCPs and its main components in soils with initial concentrations ranging 66.67 to 343.61mg/kg were determined, microbial ecological characteristics, including composition, numbers, and community structure and function, were investigated, and their influence on soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and their phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), as well as roles which root exudates played in the process of phytoremediation were discussed. Results showed that addition of the exudates significantly reinforced dissipation of OCPs in soils. During the entire experiment, the soil-microbe systems (treatment Ⅱ, TR₂) mediated by the exudates exhibited enhancement on OCPs degradation in soils. And, the highest OCPs removal rate at 79.32% was achieved when the exudates were added in the presence of rhizospheric microbes (TR₂); whereas, without the exudates (treatment I, TR₁), the removal rate was merely 40.46%, and it was 18.69% in soils (CK) spiked with 0.05% NaN₃ to suppress the microbial effect. Under the same treatment conditions, the enhanced removal rates of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), toxaphene, aldrin and γ-chlordane were much higher than the total amount of OCPs while the extent of enhanced dissipation of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), mirex, endosulfanⅠ, dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide were always lower than that in the corresponding soils. Furthermore, soils microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, increased increasing exudates concentration under the same level of the OCPs stress, and there were close relationship between OCPs degradation and soil microbes.In the test soils which PLFA probed by GC-MS, their microbial community was dominated by bacteria,and followed by fungi, and they had the same variation trend as the OCPs degradation, which indicated OCPs in soils were degraded mainly by bacteria and fungi, and influence of the exudates in OCPs degradation were mainly carried out through modifying bacterial and fungi population ecological characteristics. Thus, rhizosphere effect from of sorghum sudanense under the OCPs stress might encourage the growth of rhizospheric microbes and modify their community structure in the process of phytoremediation leading to the improved OCPs degradation.

For accurately predicting foliar uptake of the radionuclide, leaf cuticular fractions of Photinia serrulata were isolated by chemical methods including Soxhlet extraction, saponification, and acid hydrolysis, yielding bulk foliar cuticle (PHC1), the dewaxed cuticular fraction (PHC2), the nonsaponifiable fraction (PHC3), and cutan (PHC4). Adsorption behavior of cesium (Cs) onto leaf cuticular fractions of Photinia serrulata (PHC1, PHC2, PHC3, PHC4) was investigated and the relative sorption contribution of the cuticular component was accessed. The leaf cuticle sheet of Photinia serrulata consisted of waxes (16.63%), cutin (63.41%), polysaccharide (24.0%) and cutan (7.10%). The apparent adsorption equilibrium was reached within 30min, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 1.73 (PHC1), 1.92 (PHC2), 4.67 (PHC3), 0.58 (PHC4) mg/g, respectively. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of cuticular fractions was binary positive linearly correlated with their polarity and aromaticity index, and the polarity played a more noteworthy role in nuclide accumulation. Sugars and cutin acted as the main adsorption medium of Cs on leaf cuticle layer while epicuticular waxes and cutan show minor contribution on nuclide accumulation. The relative adsorption contribution of cuticular fraction was followed as sugar (51.45%) > cutin (38.73%) >> waxes (7.51%) > cutan (2.31%). The adsorption capacity of Cs on leaf cuticle of Photinia serrulata distinctively declined with the presence of sodium ion which was negatively correlated with the concentration of sodium. When the concentration of sodium was 100times higher than that of Cs, adsorption amount of bulk cuticle reduced to 6% in comparison with the control (adsorption of Cs without sodium), indicating that the coexistence of ion can considerably reduce the adsorption of nuclide on leaf cuticle.

Experiment was designed examine impacts of rare earth mining on soil ecosystem health in Changting. Soil samples were taken from depths of 0~20cm in pre-and post-mined areas (rented earth pits, heap-leaching mine area). Microbial DNA was extracted from soil samples and then 16S rDNA gene sequencing was carried out using Illumina MiSeq equipment. Examination of bacteria species present showed the microbial population was dominated by the level of phylum, class, order, families and genus and these were Firmicutes, Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Enterococcaceae, Enterococcus. The phylogenetic tree showed there were certain genetic relationships among Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobactera, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Cyanobacteria, Thermi. Alpha diversity index was calculated based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Results indicated that soil bacterial diversity and taxonomic composition distribution changed significantly in post-mining areas compared to control areas. However, the predominant bacteria in the soil communities did not change.

In order to assess the impact of power grid engineering on the ecological environment, the direct and indirect eco-environmental impacts of the power grid project in the complex natural environment was evaluated using a conceptual model. Based on RS and GIS technology, the sensitivity evaluation index system was constructed. The ecological environment sensitivity to the construction of the Typical Power Grid Engineering was evaluated by using the spatial principal component analysis method on the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the overall ecological environment of the study area was highly sensitive and the agglomeration effect (HH spatial correlation pattern) was significant. The severe and extreme sensitive areas were concentrated in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, the middle of the study area, and the Alpine Valley in the southeast zone. For regions assigned to each ecological environmental vulnerability level, (i.e. the extreme sensitive, the severe sensitive, the medium sensitive and the light sensitive), corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the impacts of the project on the ecological environment. The index method proposed by this study can be used to evaluate the ecological environment impacts of other large-scale projects under complex natural conditions.

The average concentrations of 74 types of pollutants in surface sediment of Liaohe River protected areas were determined with the chemical analysis. A modified hazard potential index (HP) method, which took into account the summation of hazard potential values and occurrence and levels of organic pollutants, was applied for the calculation of weighted scores for each contaminant. The risk quotient was used in evaluating the ecological risk of nonionic ammonia in sediments to determine whether nonionic ammonia could be included in the list of risk pollutants. The potential ecological risk evaluation index and threshold effect concentration of EPA sediment quality guidelines were used together to screen heavy metals. The results showed that nonionic ammonia, Cd, Benzo[a]anthracene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Dichlorvos, and Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Chrysene and Indene[1,2,3-c,d] pyrene were risk pollutants in surface sediment of Liao protected areas.

In order to gain fundamental insights into the tolerance and response characteristics of Ulva pertusa under SMZ (Sulfamethoxazole) and ETM (erythromycin) stress, the seawater culture experiment was conducted and a PCA (principal components analysis) was used to investigate its growth and physiology characteristics. The results showed that the growth of Ulva pertusa was promoted at a low-level concentration of SMZ (0.50mg/L), which was indicated by the significant elevation of the RGR (relative growth rate) (P<0.05). However, the growth of Ulva pertusa was inhibited at ETM ≥ 0.06mg/L. In addition, the physiological parameters indirectly reflected the tolerance of Ulva pertusa under SMZ and ETM stress. The cell membrane permeability of Ulva pertusa was destructed at a relatively high-level concentration of SMZ (≥ 2.50mg/L) and ETM (≥ 0.18mg/L), which was supported by the significant increase of the relative conductivity (P<0.05). The photosynthesis of Ulva pertusa began to be inhibitedat 0.50~1.50mg/L of SMZ and 0.06~0.18mg/L of ETM, indicated by the significant decrease of the Chla (chlorophyll a) content and the FBA (1, 6-diphosphate aldolase) activity (P<0.05). Significantly increases of H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide) content, MDA(malondialdehyde) content (P<0.05) and SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase) and GR (glutathione reductase) activities were observed under 1.50mg/L SMZ and 0.06mg/L ETM stress, which indicated the destruction of the antioxidant system balance. The results showed that the growth and metabolism of Ulva pertusa could be promoted at SMZ concentration of 0.50mg/L, but SMZ ≥ 1.50mg/L and ETM ≥ 0.06mg/L were beyond the tolerance capacity of Ulva pertusa, and Ulva pertusa was less vulnerable to SMZ stress than ETM stress. The PCA results showed that response indicators for cell membrane permeability, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Ulva pertusa under SMZ stress were the relative electrical conductivity, FBA and Car (carotenoid), MDA, respectively, while under ETM stress were relative conductance, FBA and Car, MDA、CAT and APX (ascorbate peroxidase), respectively.

Based on the Landsat ETM+/TIRS image data, the inversion of Land surface temperature (LST) were conducted by using atmospheric correction method, and the evolution of land surface thermal environment effect was analyzed from 2000 to 2013 in Chaohu Basin. Cell samples at five scales level were obtained through gridding method, the scale effect of LST and its correlations with the surface landscapes were further quantitatively analyzed at specified scales. The results showed that high LST area was mainly concentrated in Hefei city and spread to its peripheries, while low LST area shrank gradually due to turning into moderate LST area from 2000 to 2013 in Chaohu Basin. As a result, the land surface thermal environment effect was enhanced. The correlation analysis between LST and landscape structure indicated that the construction land landscape was the main reason for the land surface thermal environment effect in the basin, while water and woodland landscapes could restrain LST effectively. The influence of landscape pattern on land surface thermal environment effect was significant. The analysis of correlations indicated that strong significant negative correlations were observed between the fragmentation and separation indices of construction and rural land landscapes and LST, but there was significant positive correlation between the fragmentation and separation indices of woodland and water landscapes and LST. LST is most sensitive to the change of landscape dominance index. The dominance index of construction land was significantly positively correlated with LST, while increasing the dominance of woodland and water could significantly reduce the surface temperature. Analysis of the scale effect and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) for LST indicated that the LST had a significant spatial clustering characteristic in Chaohu Basin, and that the spatial pattern of LST had an obvious scale effect. 2~4km was the suitable extent of the researches on land surface thermal environment in Chaohu Basin. Countermeasures derived from the study for restraining the surface thermal environment in Chaohu Basin included:allocating ecological functional landscape resources, such as woodland and water landscapes, reasonably through planning; strengthening regulations on the growth of construction land; and finally optimizing the landscape pattern.

In the present study, the changes of plant height, root length, plant fresh weight, amylase activity, AKP activity, GSH content and MDA content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated under the exposure to a series of concentrations of MC-LR (0.1μg/L, 1.0μg/L and 10.0μg/L) and Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts (0.002lysate, 0.02lysate and 0.2lysate) for 21d. Results showed that the plant height, root length and amylase activities of rice were decreased under the exposure of pure MC-LR. Root length was a sensitive indicator in rice for its quick response to MC-LR exposure in 0.1μg/LMC-LR treatment group. However, Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts with high concentration of MC-LR had positive effects on growth and development of rice except for root length. GSH content of rice was significantly induced in 0.1μg/L MC-LR group, but no significant changes of AKP activity was observed in all pure MC-LR treatment groups. In contrast, GSH content, MDA content and AKP activity could be significant inhibited in rice exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts. These results suggested that the toxicity mechanism of MC-LR to rice might be different from Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts and other toxic components existed in Microcystis aeruginosa crude extracts may exert great influence on rice.

Removal of perchlorate with low concentration[(468.74±6.80)μg/L] in water was investigated by an up-flow sulfur autotrophic reduction reactor. And bacterial community spatial distribution was analyzed by High-throughput sequencing method. The reactor could be operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranging in 4.00~0.75h with a remarkable removal efficiency greater than 97%. 1/2-order kinetics model fit the experimental data well; and 1/2K_1/2v was 39.59[μg^1/2/(L^1/2·h)]. When HRT shortened from 4.00h to 0.75h, the generated SO₄^2- decreased from 173.37 to 90.07mg/L. Sulfur (S) disproportionation was accompanied with perchlorate reduction; the proportion of SO₄^2- generated by S-disproportionation was in range of 90.75%~93.91%. Meanwhile, S-disproportionation was the main reason for excess consumption of alkalinity, thus leading to pH decreases in effluent. The sequencing results showed that the α-biodiversity was decreased along the height of reactor. The Proteobacteria and Chlorobi was observed as the major bacteria, and the Chlorobaculum was the dominant bacteria associated with S-disproportionation.

Deep understanding of soil fungal communities and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties is of great importance for assessing soil fertility and environment effect, especially for terraces on the Loess Plateau. Soil fungal community composition and diversity was analyzed using the Hiseq high-throughput sequencing technology. Three typical crops soil (Corn field (CF), Apple field (AF) and Intercropping (apple and potatoes, IC) with similar terrace construction were chosen as experimental sites on Loess Plateau. The results showed among three sites, the number of the identified OTU ranged from 688 to 862 including 13 phylum, 87 class, 164 order, and the diversity index of the Chao1, ACE, Shannon and Simpson were all high in AF and IC than in CF. Three most abundant fungal taxa were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota, with a highest relative abundance of Ascomycota found in IC, which mainly affected by the content of soil TN and AK. Composition of soil fungi was different for application of organic manure under terrace crop systems shifts soil fungi community composition by increased soil nutrient, and thus has potential to promote soil fertility in terrace agricultural ecosystem.

Basing on the study of degradation and adsorption characteristics of quinclorac and cadmium, bacteria EM1 was used as the test strain. The interaction mechanism of quinclorac-Cd²⁺ combined pollution with Enterobacter ludwigii EM1was investigated by using SEM and FTIR analytical techniques. The experimental results showed that the strains could adsorb Cd²⁺ with quinclorac as the sole carbon source. After 7d culture at a temperature of 35℃, pH 6.0, the degradation and adsorption of quinclorac and Cd²⁺ in 50mg/L reached the maximum, which were 30% and 60% respectively. The SEM results showed that in the process of composite repair the morphology of the cells was changed and a large number of extracellular polymeric substances were secreted in the cell surface. Infrared scanning analysis showed that the changes had not taken place in the cell walls under the stress condition. Hydroxy, aminoacyl, carbon-oxygencarbon bond in the sugar ring and the aliphatic compounds were confirmed to be the key functional groups for the strain to biodegrade quinclorac and adsorb Cd²⁺.

434 morning urinary samples of school-age children accompanied by the characteristics information of their residences were obtained from rom the CCHH (China, Children, Homes, Health) study in Shanghai during 2013~2014. The overall distributions for urinary concentrations of PAEs metabolites and their associations with household decoration materials (floor and wall coverings) were investigated. Ten PAEs metabolites were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection). Non-parametric test was preformed to compare the concentration differences of PAEs metabolites among children living in the environment with different floor and wall coverings materials. The detection rates of these PAEs metabolites were above 90%, except for MBzP (51.2%) and MCHP (9.9%). The median concentrations (standard deviation) of these metabolites from high to low were as follows:MnBP, 58.1 (205.9) μg/L; MiBP, 46.2 (119.2) μg/L; MECPP, 39.0 (111.1) μg/L; MEHHP, 24.7 (92.6) μg/L; MEOHP, 14.5 (45.1) μg/L; MMP, 11.4 (21.4) μg/L; MEP, 10.1 (51.5) μg/L; MEHP, 4.5 (19.0) μg/L; MBzP, 0.2 (4.3) μg/L; MCHP,

To quantitatively evaluate the synergetic effect of ambient temperature (AT) and PM_2.5 on different diseases' emergency room visits (ERVs) in Beijing. After considering some potential confounding factors, such as long term trend of time series, "day of week" effect, holiday effect, and relative humidity, the generalized additive models (GAMs) including non-stratification model, nonparametric bivariate response model and temperature-stratified parametric model, were used to analyze the exposure-effect relationship between PM_2.5 and ERVs in different temperature conditions from 2009 to 2011 in Beijing. The results showed that, the health effect of PM_2.5 significantly enhanced under higher temperature with the temperature stratification critical value increasing. The exposure-response relationship between PM_2.5 and ERVs appeared most significant when 28℃ was chosen as a critical value. The effect estimates per 10μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 corresponding to 0.15% (95% confidence interval (CI):0.11%, 0.19%), 0.35%(95%CI:0.26%, 0.44%) and 0.34%(95%CI:0.09%, 0.59%) increase of total, respiratory and cardiovascular ERVs on high temperature (>28℃), respectively. However, there was no statistical significance when the temperature was less than 28℃. It means that there was a synergistic strengthening effect of high temperature and PM_2.5 on public health in Beijing.

The evaluation methods for common industrial wastewater treatment technologies are not applicable to enterprises in industrial parks, due to different drainage ways of the effluents from enterprises in or not in a park. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a method for evaluating wastewater treatment technologies of enterprises in the industrial parks from optimization of the whole wastewater treatment processes and steady compliance with discharge standards for effluent from wastewater treatment plant in the industrial park, using the new indicators like BOD/CODcr ratio and standard share ratio. The proposed evaluation method had been applied in one industrial park of Tianjin and the application results showed that scores for the technologies with biochemical process were relatively low (<70), indicating that the excessive biochemical treatment in the enterprise aggravated the lack of carbon source in the common end-pipe sewage treatment plant of the park and the biochemical process is not suggested to be applied for the wastewater treatment of the enterprises in an industrial park. The results also showed the established evaluation method is feasible.

Based on MRIO model, a multi-regional input-output table with 13industries and 4 regions (Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other provinces) of China was made in 2007, and the inter-provincial embodied pollution transfers in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was estimated. It focused on six major pollutants such as SO₂, NO_x, industrial dust, smoke dust, COD and ammonia nitrogen. The Pollution Terms of Trade was adopted here to analyze the impacts of bilateral trade on emission in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results indicated that Beijing benefited most while Hebei lost most and Tianjin sat in the middle with regard to embodied pollution transferring pattern. The industrial distribution pattern in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was a major factor affecting the inter-provincial embodied pollution transfer in the region. Huge quantities of product transferred out, transferring of pollution-intensive industrial products as well as disadvantages in Pollution Terms of Trade made Hebei be the most negatively affected one of the three in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.