Improving municipal solid waste management practices in Ningbo
ZHU Fen-fen1, ZHAO Bing1, LIU Xiao-yan2, WANG Huan1, ZHOU Tian-tian1, WANG Yi-yu1, QIU Yu-qun1
1. School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; 2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze College, Heze 274015, China
Abstract：Ningbo, a city in southeastern China, was selected as the research city. The participant observation method and semistructured face-to-face interviews were used to get a comprehensive understanding of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the Chinese city, followed by Wasteaware model to rank the waste management practices. The results showed that the recycling rate, recycling quality and governance factors of MSW were not ranked high in Ningbo City. San Francisco’s pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) program and material recovery facility (MRF), as well as Munster's duales system deutschland (DSD) system, should be studied. The informality that exists in the recycling process can be improved, and residential sorting behavior along with financial sustainability can be increased. In Ningbo, large multifamily buildings are more prevalent, which make a flat rate easy to implement. PAYT need further development of source traceable compostable bags/bins to be supervised and strictly enforced laws. The combination of MRF and formal manual sorting will give a better recovery rate. In Ningbo, DSD may enhance at least 3%~5% excess expense of a plastic enterprise, which need government take the leading role. Ningbo needs more time to internalize MSW sorting action as moral norms even as social norms. In addition, the continuous delivery of the results expected by the residents of local government is essential to create a virtuous cycle.
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