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  Current Issue
 
2023 Vol.43 Issue.2,Published 2023-02-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Environmental Toxicology and Health
Air Pollution Control
497 Pollution characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric PAN in industrial area of Shenzhen
YU Guang-he, XIA Shi-yong, CAO Li-ming, ZHANG Yue, LI Xin, HUANG Xiao-feng
In this study, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) and precursor VOCs were measured in a typical industrial area in Shenzhen in the autumn (September 25 to October 31) of 2018, 2020 and 2021 to analyze the atmospheric photochemical pollution, and the generalized additive model (GAM) was used to study the effects of meteorological factors and precursors on the formation of PAN. During the sampling, the average mixing ratio of PAN showed the highest in 2018 (1.01×10-9), followed by 2021 (0.90×10-9) and 2020 (0.63×10-9). The diurnal variation showed that the nighttime background concentration of PAN was similar among the three years, and the interannual concentration difference depended on the formation of photochemical reaction during the daytime. The correlation between PAN and O3 was significant, and the R2 was 0.64~0.75. GAM model simulation results showed that multi-factor analysis could better characterize the nonlinear relationship between PAN and meteorological factors and key precursors, and determination coefficient R2 was 0.85~0.95, which were significantly better than single-factor analysis. PAN concentration was non-linear related to Ox, the photolysis rate of NO2 (JNO2), temperature, relative humidity (RH), acetaldehyde and NO. Among them, Ox, JNO2 and acetaldehyde showed significant positively non-linear correlation with PAN, and temperature and RH showed significant negatively non-linear correlation with PAN when temperature and RH were higher than 25℃ and 50%.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 497-505 [Abstract] ( 258 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1261KB] ( 1412 )
506 Online source apportionment of PM2.5 during winter at urban site in Shenzhen
LIN Chu-xiong, YAO Pei-ting, PENG Xing, GU Tian-fa, SUN Tian-le, YUN Long, HE Ling-yan, HUANG Xiao-feng
This work conducted high time resolution observations of PM2.5 and its chemical composition during December 27th in 2020 to January 31th in 2021 in Shenzhen using a hybrid synchronous mixing real-time environmental particulate matter monitor, aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), aethalometer, and automated multi-metals monitor. During the observational period, the average concentrations of PM2.5 was 32.2 ±17.0μg/m3. Organic matter was the most abundant component of PM2.5, with average concentration of 15.4±9.5μg/m3, followed by NO3-(4.3±3.9μg/m3), SO42-(3.8±2.1μg/m3), BC (2.7±1.6μg/m3), NH4+(2.5±1.7μg/m3), and elements (1.9±1.2μg/m3). The mass spectra information (m/z 44) obtained from ACSM, as the tracer of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA), was introduced into PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) model to identify SOA. PMF results showed that PM2.5 during winter in Shenzhen was dominated by SOA, vehicle emissions, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, biomass burning, and fugitive dust, which were accounting for 23.8%, 21.7%, 15.3%, 15.2%, 8.2%, and 5.7% of PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively. In addition, ship emissions, industrial emissions, and coal combustion had relatively small contributions, ranging from 1.6% to 3.3% of PM2.5. The diurnal variations of each source and the potential source area were analyzed and found that local emissions played an important role for SOA, secondary nitrate, vehicle emissions, fugitive dust, and industrial emissions, while regional transmission played an important role for secondary sulfate, biomass burning, coal combustion, and ship emissions. The findings in this work highlight that further decreasing PM2.5 level in Shenzhen needs to control the local emissions (e.g. vehicle emissions, fugitive dust, industrial emissions) and joint prevent coal combustion, biomass burning, and ship emissions.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 506-513 [Abstract] ( 388 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1906KB] ( 1268 )
514 Effects of meteorological and environmental factors on negative oxygen ions concentration in Zhejiang Province
YU Zhen-yan, LI Zheng-quan, FAN Gao-feng, GAO Da-wei, ZHANG Han
Based on the negative oxygen ions concentration data of 89 observatories and meteorological and environmental observational data in Zhejiang province, the effects of meteorological and environmental factors on negative oxygen ions concentration was analyzed, as well as the distribution of negative oxygen ions concentration. Results showed that: in the mountain areas of South and West Zhejiang, negative oxygen ions concentration was relatively high, with annual mean value generally higher than 1000cm-3; whereas in plain areas of North Zhejiang, negative oxygen ions concentration was relatively low, with annual mean value mostly amount to 500~1000cm-3. Generally, the spatial distribution of negative oxygen ions concentration showed a pattern of high-mountain forest areas > middle-hill scenic areas > areas near island or water bodies > parks in suburban and plain areas > urban areas. Meteorological and environmental factors had certain effects on negative oxygen ions concentration, showed noticeable negative correlation between negative oxygen ions concentration and environmental factors of AQI, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO. With the increase of sunshine duration, negative oxygen ions concentration also tended to increase. When daily mean air temperature ranged from 2~15℃ to 23~31℃, with the rose of air temperature, negative oxygen ions concentration tended to increase. When relative humidity was within the comfort range of 50%~75%, negative oxygen ions concentration was relatively high. With the increased of precipitation or wind speed, negative oxygen ions concentration generally increased. However, when precipitation was greater than torrential rain or wind speed was stronger than strong breeze, negative oxygen ions concentration tended to decrease with the increase of precipitation or wind speed.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 514-524 [Abstract] ( 463 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1450KB] ( 1741 )
525 Airborne observation of carbon dioxide concentration in central and southern Hebei Province
XIE Wen-qi, YAO Bo, WU Guo-ming, DONG Hang-yu, MAI Rong, XU Lin
CO2 concentrations above Shijiazhuang and Xingtai (600~5600m) were detected by CO2 analyzer and related auxiliary equipment on an airborne observation platform of King-air 350 to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric CO2 in central and southern Hebei Province. 7CO2 concentration vertical profiles were achieved through 4flights. The minimum and maximum of CO2 concentrations during the observation period were 398.3×10-6 and 414.6×10-6, respectively, while the averaged CO2 concentrations of each flight varied from 401.4×10-6 to 403.9×10-6. There is no consistent pattern of CO2 concentration trends with the increase of altitude. The boundary layer heights during the observation period were about 1000~2000m. The CO2 concentration varied significantly below 1000m due to the influence of near-surface emission sources. However, CO2 concentrations generally had a short-term decreasing trend over the height of 2500m, and was close to the background concentrations at higher levels. The CO2 concentrations over Xingtai was significantly correlated with CH4 concentrations, with the correlation coefficient r≥0.90, which indicated that the enhanced CO2 and CH4 concentrations at Xingtai might come from the same source.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 525-531 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1277KB] ( 957 )
Water Pollution Control
532 Condition optimization and mechanism of heavy metal flocculant DTAPAM in the removal of Cu-EDTA from water
ZHANG Hang, WANG Gang, ZHOU Ya-qi, MA Yu
The coordination agent EDTA is usually found in industrial wastewater containing copper, and the stable soluble compound Cu-EDTA can be formed between EDTA and Cu(II), which makes it difficult to remove Cu(II) from the wastewater. In order to improve effectively the removal of Cu(II) from Cu-EDTA wastewater, dithiocarboxyl aminomethy-polyacrylamide (DTAPAM) was employed as heavy metal flocculant. The effects of hydraulic conditions, DTAPAM dosage, pH value, EDTA concentration, and initial Cu(II) concentration on the removal performance of Cu-EDTA with DTAPAM were investigated, and the optimal removal conditions for Cu-EDTA in water sample were determined. The removal mechanism of Cu-EDTA with DTAPAM was also explored by using some characterization methods, such as UV, IR, SEM and EDS. The results show that the optimal hydraulic conditions were as follows: the fast stirring time was 2min, the fast stirring speed was 160r/min, the slow stirring time was 20min, and the slow stirring speed was 50r/min. The removal performance of Cu-EDTA by DTAPAM was favorable for the initial Cu(Ⅱ) concentration of 25mg/L at pH 5.0~7.0, and the highest removal rate of Cu(II) reached 99.07% at pH 7.0. When the coordination ratio between EDTA and Cu(II) was 1:1, it had the ideal removal efficiency for Cu-EDTA with DTAPAM at different initial Cu(II) concentrations. The characterization results show that the chelation reaction should occur between Cu(II) and dithiocarboxylic groups (—CSS-) on the molecular chain of DTAPAM. At pH 2.0~9.0, the logarithm values of the chelation stability constant for DTAPAM-Cu were in the range of 13.09~13.71. For the removal mechanism of Cu-EDTA by DTAPAM, Cu(II) was replaced from Cu-EDTA by DTAPAM due to coordination competition, and the flocs were formed though chelation reaction between Cu(II) and DTAPAM. In addition, the adsorption bridging and net sweeping among flocs played a major role in the flocculation, which promoted the settlement of the flocs and improved the removal rate of Cu(II).
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 532-543 [Abstract] ( 330 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1913KB] ( 1345 )
544 Enhanced degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by cobalt-manganese sulfide activated peroxymonosulfate
XIE Jin-ling, PU Jia-xing, LI Si-yu, HUANG Li, GONG Xiao-bo
Manganese and cobalt bimetallic sulfide (MnCo2S4) was prepared by a simple two-step method. The morphology, crystal structure and composition of MnCo2S4 were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Degradation efficiency and pathways of tetracycline hydrochloride in MnCo2S4/PMS system were explored. The degradation efficiency of TC reached 88% in 30min when concentrations of MnCo2S4 and PMS were both 0.1g/L. The degradation efficiency of TC remained high in wide pH value range (3~9), which was attributed to the continuous supply of metal active sites of Mn2+ and Co2+ in MnCo2S4 and the synergistic effect of cobalt and manganese. Quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technology provided that SO4•-, •OH and 1O2 were the main active species in MnCo2S4/PMS system. This research gives a new strategy for bimetallic sulfide catalyst construction to activate PMS and treat refractory pollutants.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 544-551 [Abstract] ( 299 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 750KB] ( 2905 )
552 Acid leaching transformation characteristics and environmental risk of ester liquid crystals
WANG Zi-you, WANG Yi-bo, XU Wen-lai, RUAN Jiu-li, BI Ying-ying, ZHAO Ruo-nan, GUO Yu-wen
Ester liquid crystal was selected as the research object. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to reveal the effects of different leaching conditions on its decomposition, transformation and by-products. The toxicity and environmental risk of the by-products were evaluated by the toxicity assessment software, ECOSAR. The results showed that the decomposition rate of the ester liquid crystal increased with the sulfuric acid concentration (46.3%), reaction time (25.33%) and reaction temperature (35.41%). However, the by-product types were not affected by the change in leaching conditions. The ester liquid crystal was decomposed into compounds containing acyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl groups and other groups under the strong oxidation of sulfuric acid. These compounds were further bonded to form intermediates and small molecular organics. The by-products included cyanobiphenol, cyclopentanoic acid, 2-acetyl-5-methyl-phenol, 3-nonenoic acid and 4-pentylphenol. The formation of the by-products was related to the chemical constitution of the parent liquid crystal. These by-products were toxic, except for the cyclopentanoic acid and 2-acetyl-5-methyl-phenol. Therefore, the potential threat to the environment require attention.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 552-560 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 806KB] ( 1033 )
561 Effects of controlling heavy cyanobacterial blooms through flocculation on water quality and submerged macrophyte restoration
YANG Jin-sheng, JIANG Lei, LU Jin, CHEN Kai-ning, XIE San-tao, ZHANG Min, SHI Xiao-li
Cyanobacterial blooms could accumulate and form high concentration algal scum in the leeward lakeside, which could seriously damage the aquatic ecology health. Flocculation-sinking is one of the most effective approaches for rapidly mitigating heavy cyanobacterial blooms. But the potential risk of water deterioration would affect the subsequent lake restoration strategies. In this study, three flocculants including polyaluminum chloride (PAC), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and cationic starch with chitosan (CSC), were used to control heavy cyanobacterial blooms with the chlorophyll-a concentration of 1001.63μg/L. Then, the impacts of flocculation on water quality and submerged macrophyte restoration were evaluated. The result showed that the water turned to black and odorous in FeCl3 and CSC treatments, with DO dropping to 1.35mg/L and 0.61mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen increasing to 24.93mg/L and 45.74mg/L, respectively. While in PAC treatment, ORP (-76.00mV), DO (3.64mg/L) and ammonia nitrogen (9.25mg/L) were ameliorated, compared with those of -140.43mV, 2.34mg/L, and 13.10mg/L in control treatment, respectively. The duration of severe black-and-odorous water decreased from 15d to 4d, and the restoration potential of submerged macrophyte was promoted. Particularly, the biomass of Elodea canadensis increased significantly, compared with that of the control without cyanobacterial blooms (P<0.05). However, the growth stress of Vallisneria natans and Elodea canadensis in FeCl3 and CSC treatments was not to be alleviated. CSC treatment could inhibit the growth of leaf, plant height and biomass of Vallisneria natans (P<0.05). Results showed that flocculation and sedimentation could quickly control the heavy cyanobacterial blooms in the lakeside area, but black and odorous water event may occur. Measures, such as aeration for oxygenation, should be implemented to alleviate the deterioration of water quality. Afterwards, appropriate submerged macrophyte should be selected for ecological restoration, for achieving the goal of long-term algal control.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 561-567 [Abstract] ( 283 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 1671 )
568 Preparation of conjugated porous organic polymers and its capture of iodine from nuclear waste
SU Pin-jie, WANG Jing, CHU Kuo, LUO Yi-fu, SUN Qi-qi, DONG Xin, ZHANG Hong-cui, CUI Bo, YAN Zhuo-jun, BU Nai-shun
A conjugated porous organic polymer (named LNU-15) was successfully synthesized by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction of 1,3,5-triacetylene benzene and 2,7-dibromo-9, 9-diphenyl fluorene. The skeleton decomposition temperature of LNU-15 was above 350℃, and it was insoluble in organic solvents, showing good chemical and thermal stability. The pore size distribution of LNU-15 presented uniform microporous size of 1.379nm. Because of its single open channel, a large number of strong affinity binding sites, as well as π-conjugated network structure, LNU-15 showed an excellent ability to capture iodine, with a high uptake value of 2,400mg/g. According to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, the adsorption rate constant of LNU-15 for iodine was 0.003g/(g×min), and the theoretical equilibrium catch was 2,490mg/g. The actual catch was 96.4% of the theoretical amount. In addition, LNU-15 could reversibly release iodine when heated in air or in ethanol solution, showing a certain cyclic stability. LNU-15 has solved the "dead space" caused by pore blockage and the difficulty for guest molecules to enter the skeleton, which can be used for environmental iodine pollution control and provide important support for the development of nuclear industry.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 568-575 [Abstract] ( 296 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1251KB] ( 1940 )
576 Advanced treatment of coking wastewater and degradation of pyridine using modified activated carbon fiber activating peroxymonosulfate
SU Bing-qin, WEN Yu-tao, LIN Yu-ting, PENG Ya-ya, WANG Peng-ying, GUO Yue, LI Rui
In this study, NaOH-modified activated carbon fiber (ACF) was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the advanced treatment of coking wastewater and degradation of pyridine. The effects of NaOH-ACF dosages, PMS concentrations, and initial pH values on chemical oxygen demand (COD), chroma, and pyridine removal efficiency were investigated using batch experiments. Experimental results indicated that NaOH-ACF/PMS system could effectively degrade organics and chroma, and completely degrade pyridine. The characterization analysis showed that NaOH-ACF had many surfaces functional groups and preferable performance of adsorptive and catalytic. The removal efficiency of COD and chroma reached to 85.7% and 93.8% after the treatment of 120min, respectively, under the optimal conditions of 2.0g/L NaOH-ACF, 6.0mmol/L PMS, pH 7.0, and reaction temperature 25℃. Under the same conditions, the degradation efficiency of pyridine reached to 100% with the initial concentration of 10mg/L. Photobacteria acute toxicity tests showed that the detoxification could be achieved under the optimal operation by NaOH-ACF/PMS system. Free radical quenching experiments confirmed the existence of both SO4-· and ·OH in the system. GC-MS analysis presented that those complex substances of macromolecules in coking wastewater could be effectively removed and further converted into small-molecule matters in the NaOH-ACF/PMS system. In addition, pyridine could be completely degraded through hydroxylation and dehydrogenation.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 576-591 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1830KB] ( 1610 )
592 Study on the adsorption characteristics of polypyrrole-modified biochar to fluorine
YANG Wen-huan, XU Yan, DENG Zi-wei, ZHOU Xin, BAI Miao-xin, LI Wei-ping
An adsorbent material (LB/PPy) with specific adsorption of anions was prepared by modifying reed-bottom biochar (LB) with polypyrrole (PPy) and achieving efficient removal of fluoride ions from water bodies. The LB/PPy material was structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), pore size analyzer (BET), and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the adsorption kinetics and key influencing factors of LB/PPy on fluoride ions were investigated by batch adsorption experiments, which revealed the specific adsorption mechanism of the material on fluoride ions. PPy increased the adsorption kinetics of LB/PPy on fluoride ions by the quasi-secondary kinetic model, the adsorption process has both physical and chemical adsorption, but mainly chemical bonding. The maximum adsorption capacity was 45.34mg/g at 40℃. The adsorption capacity increased with the increasing temperature. The optimum pH value of this material was from 8 to 10 to remove fluoride ions. It could ensure the good specific adsorption capacity of fluoride ions in the presence of multiple ions, which has a high application value.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 592-600 [Abstract] ( 297 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 646KB] ( 1283 )
601 Release behavior and mechanism of candle-shaped persulfate sustained-release material
ZHU Xue-qiang, HUA Gang, ZHOU Lai, LI Dan-qiong
Paraffin wax (PW) was selected as the matrix material, and various "candle" shaped persulfate(PS) sustained-release materials (PS@PW) were prepared by melt injection molding condensation method. The release performance of PS was evaluated by static release batch experiment. The results showed that the mass ratio of PS to PW greatly influenced the release performance of PS. After 20days of reaction, the PS release rate was lower than 30% when PS: PW≤1:1, while the PS release rate was higher than 80% when PS:PS>1:1. Under the same ratio of PS to PW, the larger the diameter of PS@PW, the longer the PS release time, but the maximum PS release rate decreased. When PS: PW= 2:1, h=70mm, D=22mm, the longest release time of PS@PW was 36d, and the PS release rate was 92%. The Bhasker and Rigter-Peppas models were used to fit the PS release from PS@PW. Combined with SEM characterization, it was determined that the release mechanism of PS from PS@PW was divided into two stages: surface PS dissolution and internal PS diffusion. It provides a theoretical basis for the application of in-situ oxidation in organically polluted sites.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 601-609 [Abstract] ( 309 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1541KB] ( 1146 )
610 Bacterial synthesis of iron sulfur minerals from ferrihydrite for aqueous chromium pollutant removal
ZOU Long, ZHU Fei, TANG Jie, ZHU Qi, NI Hai-Yan, LONG Zhong-Er, HUANG Yun-Hong
In order to remove Cr(VI) from water, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was used to promote the biotransformation of ferrihydrite into iron sulfur secondary minerals in the presence of thiosulfate, and thus producing a microbe/mineral hybrid. The Cr(VI) removal ability and the influence factors, as well as the Cr(VI) removal mechanism of the synthesized hybrid were investigated. The phase composition analysis results and microscopic morphology showed that the S. oneidensis MR-1 cells were coated by the black secondary mineral nanoparticles identified as mackinawite (FeS), thereby forming the Bio-FeS@MR-1hybrid. The Cr(VI) with the initial concentration of 26mg/L had been removed completely by the prepared hybrid within 4h. Its removal amount was significantly higher than the total amount removed by individual bacterial cells and FeS secondary minerals with an equal amount, which demonstrating a synergistic effect between bacterial cells and FeS secondary minerals. The Bio-FeS@MR-1 hybrid possesses good tolerance to a wide pH range (3.0~9.0) and excellent regeneration ability. The removal efficiency of aqueous Cr(VI) and number of repeats were positively correlated with the content of FeS secondary mineral and cell density. The major chromium compounds existing in the Cr(VI) removal product were Cr(III) precipitates (such as Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3), indicating that the removal mechanism of aqueous Cr(VI) include both adsorption and reduction.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 610-619 [Abstract] ( 326 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1757KB] ( 1571 )
620 Effect of shunt ratio on nitrogen removal of a constructed wetland system applied external carbon source
PING La-mei, WANG Ning, ZHAO Zi-jian, SUI Jia-tong, PAN Ling-yang, CHU Gang, WANG Zhen
This study was conducted to explore the effect of shunt ratio on advanced treatment of anaerobically-digested swine wastewater by a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) with step-feeding when taking domestic sewage as external carbon source. The results showed that, shunt ratio significantly affected operational performances and the associated microbiological characteristics of the VFCW once domestic sewage was pumped into the system via the shunt pipe. As the shunt ratio increased from 0:1 to 1:3, the abundances of denitrifying bacteria and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) in the filler layer of the VFCW increased significantly, and the nitrification/denitrification process and the partial denitrification/anaerobic ammonium oxidation (DMOA) process became the two main pathways for nitrogen removal in the system, resulting that the TN removal performance of the VFCW was thereby optimized. As the shunt ratio was increased to 1:2, the denitrification performance and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation performance of the VFCW could be further improved, while its operational performance was decreased due to the excessive short hydraulic retention time of the shunt inlet pumped into the system. Notably, high pollutant removal rates could be achieved when the VFCW was operated with shunt ratio of 1:3, effluent quality of the system could reach Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) class A standard. Regarding to the VFCW with shunt ratio of 1:3, Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Thauera and Candidatus_Brocadia were the four dominant bacterial genera in its filler layer. Correspondingly, nitrogen removal in the system relied on the nitrification/denitrification process and the DMOA process, resulting that the TN and NH4+-N removal rates of the VFCW were (5.90±1.86) and (4.63±1.43) g/(m2·d), respectively.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 620-630 [Abstract] ( 182 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1348KB] ( 977 )
631 Effects of typical antibiotics on denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation in the wetland
YANG Yu-qi, ZHAO Yue-wen, ZHANG Qiu-lan, LIU Chang-li, WEN Meng-tuo
The Baiyangdian wetland, with a high methane emission flux and heavily contaminated with quinolone antibiotics (QNs), was selected as the study area. The short-term effects of typical QNs including Ofloxacin (OFL), Norfloxacin (NOR), and Flumequine (FLU) on denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) processes in Baiyangdian wetland was investigated by conducting 13C-labeled microcosm experiments. The results showed that: All three QNs promoted the microbial DAMO process, and the promotion effect on DAMO was OFL > NOR > FLU; Except for 2ng/g OFL, which had a negligible effect on the DAMO reaction rate, additional concentrations (20, 200, 2000ng/g) all promoted the DAMO processes in Baiyangdian wetlands, and the promotion showed a dose effect in general; Further analysis of the effects of QNs on the nitrite-DAMO driven by NO2- and the nitrite-DAMO driven by NO3- respectively, it could be found that 200ng/g NOR inhibited the bacterial-driven DAMO process with NO2- as electron acceptor (nitrite-DAMO), but promoted to a greater extent the archaea-driven DAMO process with NO3- as electron acceptor (nitrate-DAMO), ultimately showing a facilitation effect of QNs on the overall DAMO process driven by both NO3- and NO2-.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 631-637 [Abstract] ( 344 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 853KB] ( 891 )
638 Study on the effect of online cleaning with NaClO on CE-HLMBR operation
WANG Wen-chao, HE Cong-hui, XU Heng, FANG Kuo, GAO Fang, XUE Xiao-fei, LIU Mu, SUN Kai, WANG Kai-jun
In an already built chemically enhanced high load membrane bioreactor (CE-HLMBR), NaClO online cleaning strategy was applied. The impacts on filtration resistance, effluent quality and sludge characteristics were evaluated. Results indicated that NaClO online cleaning could remove the chemical cake layer as well as recover the filtration resistance efficiently. At different stages of resistance growth, the filtration resistance after cleaning could be recovered to a similar level (less than 5×1012m-1). In terms of effluent quality, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased after NaClO cleaning (from 6.3mg/L to 28.16mg/L), which was caused by the release and the increased permeability of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, it had little impact on the removal of total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium. What’s more, after 12h of cleaning, the particle size distribution and nitrification activity of the sludge were basically unchanged, but the concentration of EPS increased significantly, which was supposed to cause changes in the structure of reversible membrane fouling.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 638-647 [Abstract] ( 214 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1287KB] ( 890 )
648 Hydro-chemical characteristics and carbon sink fluxes of a typical karst stream
ZHANG Xiao-wei, YU Zhi-feng, CHEN Min, XIAO Shang-bin, LIANG Shuang, KANG Man-chun
This study investigates the temporal and spatial variabilities of hydro-chemistry in Xialaoxi, a typical karst river in Yichang, Hubei Province, via biweekly sampling and monitoring at multiple sites in the main stream and tributaries throughout one year. The rock weathering rate, carbon sink flux, and carbon sink in the watershed were estimated using the forward model and the chemical runoff method. The results show that Mg2+, Ca2+, and HCO3-mainly came from the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks, and their concentrations were closely related to the dilution effect of the flow and decreased along the main channel, with lower concentrations in the wet season comparing to the dry season. Na+, K+, Cl-,NO3-, SO42- in water were from anthropogenic input, thus their concentrations increased dramatically in the densely populated downstream and in the seasons with intense human activities. The estimated rock weathering rate, carbon sink flux, and carbon sink amount in the catchment were 71.83t/(km2·a), 5.31×105mol/(km2·a), and 6.96×107mol/a, respectively. The carbon sink flux of Xialaoxi is as the same magnitude order as that of medium and large karst rivers, and higher than that of non-karst rivers and the world average, which can be attributed to the high coverage of carbonate rocks within the watershed and relatively warm and humid climatic conditions. Therefore, it indicates that karst streams under subtropical monsoon climate are an important “missing carbon sink”.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 648-657 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 990KB] ( 1275 )
658 Characterization of anammox biofilm and anammox granular sludge at low temperature preservation
PENG Zheng-hua, YANG Ben-qin, YANG Zhi-hong, ZHAN You-sheng, PAN Xue-jun
The preservation of anammox microorganisms is essential since it affects the subsequent reactor performance in nitrogen removal. The characters of anammox biofilm and anammox granular sludge at low temperature preservation were examined in this study. Results showed that after 64days preservation at 4℃, the specific anammox activities were found to be (351.4±14.5) mgN/(gVSS×d) for anammox biofilm and (32.3±2.7) mgN/(gVSS×d) for anammox granular sludge, which were 62.1% and 6.0% of those before preservation. Their EPS content decreased to (18.4±0.3) and (13.3±1.5) mg/gVSS, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of functional anammox genus, Candidatus Kuenenia, decreased from 16.3% to 6.1% in anammox biofilm and decreased from 16.8% to 1.6% in anammox granular sludge. Their anammox gene abundance also decreased to (1.48±0.29)×108and (5.05±1.53)×107gene copies/gVSS, respectively. During the reactivation of anammox process by using those two preserved anammox microorganisms, the time used to reach the NRR of 0.54kgN/m3was lowered by 15days for anammox biofilm compared to that of anammox granular sludge showing the anammox biofilm was a better preservation form for anammox microorganisms than anammox granular sludge.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 658-666 [Abstract] ( 291 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 912KB] ( 924 )
667 Effects of anaerobic duration and dissolved oxygen on endogenous denitrification rate in AOA system
AN Ze-ming, DING Jing, GAO Xin-jie, PENG Yong-zhen
The Anaerobic/Aerobic/Anoxic (AOA) process based on endogenous denitrification gained widespread attention in recent years with the benefits of carbon saving and consumption reduction. Nitrogen is mainly removed via the endogeous denitrification occurred in the post-anoxic phase of the AOA process. Therefore, increasing endogenous denitrification rate (EDNR) is the crucial to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency. To explore the methods to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency of AOA process, the effects of the anaerobic duration and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the aerobic phase on EDNR were investigated in this study. Results showed that the EDNR was the maximum when the anaerobic duration was 60min at the influent COD concentration of 155.1mg/L. Under different influent COD concentration, the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) (a kind of intracellular carbon) reached the peak by controlling the appropriate anaerobic duration, and the EDNR was maximized. The EDNR was affected by excessive or insufficient DO in aerobic phase, and the highest EDNR was achieved when DO was controlled at 1mg/L. The EDNR was increased by 31.7% and 18.4% through anaerobic duration optimization and DO control, respectively. This paper provided a feasible strategy to enhance the EDNR in the post-anoxic phase of the AOA process, which is conducive to the optimization of the AOA process designs and operation strategies.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 667-674 [Abstract] ( 345 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1085KB] ( 1794 )
675 Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in suspended particulate matters in the Yellow River (Jinan Section)
WANG Kun, SU Zhao-xin, TANG Dan-dan, PAN Fu-xia, WANG Hua-wei, SUN Ying-jie
The occurrence and distribution of 48 antibiotics belonging to four classes (including fluoroquinolones (FQs), sulfonamides (SAs), macrolides (MLs) and tetracyclines (TCs)) in water bodies and suspended particulate matters (SPMs) collected from the Lower Reaches of Yellow Rives (Jinan Section) were investigated. The microwave-assisted extraction-solid phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry techniques were employed to quantify the concentrations of target antibiotics. Additionally, the correlations of turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), as well as the relationships between total antibiotic concentrations and turbidity/TSS were established to determine the concentration levels of antibiotics in dissolved (Cd) and SPM-associated phases (CSPM). The results showed that a total of 36 target antibiotics were detected in all water samples. Among them, the MLs were detected at the highest frequencies (97%~100%). For the antibiotics in the FQs group, the highest concentrations were determined (up to 13.5μg/L for enrofloxacin), and the SAs were also detected at relatively high frequencies and concentrations (up to 12.3μg/L for sulfisomidine), which are mainly originated from anthropogenic activities and livestock farms. In the case of the TCs, most of them were below the limit of quantifications (LOQs). Furthermore, a reasonable linear relationship between turbidity and TSS, and a close to linear correlation of the total concentrations of FQs/SAs vs. turbidity/TSS was observed. From these regressions, the values of CSPM were calculated in the range of 3.2~27.2μg/g, suggesting the SPM-associated fractions accounted for most of the detected FQs/SAs antibiotics. While for the FQs/SAs dissolved in water, the Cd took up less than 30% of their total concentrations. Noteworthy, the calculated CSPM fitted well with the measured values, indicating the turbidity/TSS may be a useful proxy to evaluate the SAs/FQs adsorbed onto SPMs, if the total antibiotic concentrations used for calibration. Temporally, the concentrations of SPM-associated antibiotics insignificantly varied in summer (2.0~10.6μg/g). In winter, higher contamination levels of antibiotics in downstream SPMs than those in the upstream; while opposite patterns were observed for the temporal variations of the SPM-associated antibiotics in spring. In summary, the SPMs could represent as both an important reservoir and source of antibiotics in the Lower Reaches of Yellow River, which requires further attention and investigation.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 675-685 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 887KB] ( 1399 )
Solid Waste
686 Study on vitrification of MSWI fly ash with industrial solid waste
ZHAO Ang-ran, REN Qiang-qiang, TONG Hui-ling
Industrial solid waste with high Si and Al content (coal gangue and blast furnace slag) was used as additive for thermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, to improve its fusibility and properties of products. With the increase of additive, main mineral composition of products were changed from chlorellestadite and wadalite containing Cl to mayenite, larnite, melilite and anorthite. Quaternary basicity (R4) was used to evaluate fusible composition. Alkaline MSWI fly ash (R4 > 1) can be neutralized by acidic industrial solid waste (R4 < 1), to form neutral mixed ash (R4 ≈ 1) which containd 30% coal gangue or 40% blast furnace slag. The fusibility temperatures of neutral mixed ash were the lowest and FT representing complete fusion was 1260 and 1200℃. At 1300℃ glass-ceramics with crystal phase of melilite were formed by vitrification during cooling. Within vitrification, more than 99% of chlorine was separated from the solid phase. By volatilization separation, solidification and stabilization, the leaching capacity of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb was reduced by more than 95%, while that of Cu was reduced by more than 85%.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 686-693 [Abstract] ( 284 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 638KB] ( 1347 )
694 Fate of antibiotic resistance genes on chromosomes and plasmids affected by earthworms during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge
XU Jun-jie, XIA Hui, WEI Feng-yi, CHEN Jin, XIE Jia-chen, HUANG Kui
Chromosomes and plasmids mediate the vertical and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge, respectively, which allows ARGs to spread between parents or different bacteria strains, resulting in limited reduction of ARGs during vermicomposting. To address this issue, the effects of vermicomposting on vertical and horizontal transfer of ARGs in sludge were investigated by detecting the abundance changes of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on chromosomes and plasmids during vermicomposting for 20 days, with no addition of earthworms as the control. The results showed that the first 10d was the peak of ARGs transfer in sludge vermicomposting. Except for tetM gene, a significant increase in the abundance of the remaining ARGs in the vermicomposting occurred on both plasmids and chromosomes (P<0.05). Compared with the control, the gene abundances of ermF, ermB, tetX, and sul1on plasmids significantly increased by 1.02-fold, 1.97-fold, 2.43-fold, and 0.75-fold in the vermicomposting (P<0.05), while only ermB on chromosomes significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control, the MGEs abundance of intI1 on plasmids significantly enriched by 1.63-fold in the vermicomposting (P<0.05), while its abundance on chromosomes was diametrically opposite, its abundance in the control was larger than vermicomposting. In the 10~20 d of composting, the abundance of MGEs and total ARGs on chromosomes and plasmids decreased in both treatments, with a faster decrease in the vermicomposting. In addition, the MGEs had a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) with ermF, ermB, and sul2 on plasmids, while no significant correlation among MGEs and all ARGs on chromosomes was recorded during vermicomposting. The redundancy analysis revealed that the changes of ARGs were related to the MGEs and environmental changes during vermicomposting, and the environmental factors such as conductivity, organic matter, ammonia and nitrate had a stronger effect on ARGs and MGEs on plasmids than those on chromosomes. This study suggests that the plasmids carrying MGEs mediated horizontal transfer is a major reason for hardly reducing ARGs in sludge vermicompost.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 694-701 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 972KB] ( 946 )
702 Reduction and resource recycle analysis on construction and demolition waste based on dynamic material flow—Take Hunan Province as an example
ZHENG Zhao-yu, DENG Peng, HUANG Liang, CHEN Yu-liang, YANG Dong
To promote the reduction and recycling of construction and demolition waste (C&D Waste), taking Hunan Province as an example, a dynamic material flow analysis framework combining economic benefits and carbon emission was established. The law of C&D Waste generation and its components, concerning different building life cycles (short, medium, long) and development scenarios from 1990 to 2060, was quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, carbon emissions and production costs under different recycling routes were measured to explore an efficient recycling route. The results indicate that the production of C&D Waste in Hunan Province will continue to grow rapidly in the future. From 2020 to 2060, the cumulative production of C&D Waste will reach 1.16~5billion tons, and the annual production of C&D Waste will reach 0.45~2 billion tons, among which the recycled components such as waste bricks and waste concrete blocks can account for 87%. Meanwhile, replacing natural gravel and sand with recycled aggregates can reduce carbon emissions by 19.8%.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 702-711 [Abstract] ( 313 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 623KB] ( 1578 )
712 Buffering distance between drought hazardous waste landfill and water source and its regulation strategy
JI Dong-liang, XU Ya, HUANG Zhao-qin, DU Bu-yun, ZHAO Man-ying, YANG Feng
Aiming at the problem that the buffer distance of hazardous waste landfills was unknown under meteorological and hydrogeological conditions in arid areas, this paper establishes a multi-process model of pollutant leakage and migration transformation in leachate, simulates the dilution and attenuation process of pollutants, and constructs a framework for calculating buffer distances in combination with the determination of safe water use limits, and a typical site was selected for a case study. The results show that different types of pollutants require different dilution and attenuation factors (RDAF). The initial concentration of 2,4-drops (2,4-D) of organic matter was large and toxic, so it needs to be diluted and attenuated 667 times, which was 6 times the dilution and attenuation coefficient of heavy metals As and Cd. The dilution and attenuation factor (DAF) of different pollutants was related to the sensitivity of the buffer distance, and the DAF of organic matter was more sensitive to the buffer distance. Although the DAF of 2,4-D was the largest, the buffer distance was far less than 972m and 942m of heavy metals As and Pb. Considering the buffer demand of all pollutants, the buffer distance of typical hazardous waste landfills in arid areas was 972m. Contrary to conventional perception, the buffer distance demand was greater than that in humid areas and only slightly less than that in coastal areas. Further considering the requirement of safe water use with a 95% confidence interval under parameter uncertainty analysis, the buffer distance should reach 3465m. To meet the actual demand for buffer distance between the sensitive water source and the landfill site, the pretreatment method was adopted to optimize the buffer distance of landfill waste. Taking As as an example, the initial concentration of As was reduced from 1.2mg/L to 1.02mg/L through pretreatment, and the buffer distance could be reduced to 200m, indicating that the demand for buffer distance in arid areas was more sensitive to the initial concentration.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 712-721 [Abstract] ( 343 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 804KB] ( 696 )
722 Research on mechanism and influencing factors of control soil-borne diseases by compost
LIU Jia-qi, CHANG Rui-xue, LI Yan-ming, LI Ji
Soil-borne diseases are one of the main factors that restrict the development of agriculture. Improper control will cause huge economic losses. The application of compost to control soil-borne diseases is a simple and easy biological control method without secondary pollution, but it has not been widely used because of many influencing factors, unpredictable and unstable effects after application. Based on literature research, the paper summarizes the suppressive mechanism of compost and makes sure the important role of microorganisms in inhibiting soil-borne pathogens. The microbial dynamics during aerobic composting, the main microbial types with biocontrol effect and their effects on soil microorganisms were compared and analyzed, therefore the factors of compost itself and compost application which may affect the suppressive effect were obtained. Finally, the main problems in the application of composting technology were pointed out based on the research progress of the inhibition effect of composting on soil-borne diseases and the development status of composting industry in China.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 722-734 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 991KB] ( 1452 )
735 PCDD/Fs emission inventory and environmental impact of municipal solid waste incineration plants in Shandong Province
TANG Ling, GUO Jing, GUO Peng-heng, LI Jian-hui, GAN Di-song, JIA Min, QU Jia-bao, BO Xin
Based on the field measured data in 2018, this study takes Shandong Province as a typical case study and comprehensively considers the production technology, production capacity, incinerator type and annual MSW incineration amount, to establish PCDD/Fs emission inventory of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power plants in Shandong Province using the bottom-up approach and introduce CALPUFF model to quantitatively evaluate environmental impacts caused by PCDD/Fs emissions under current and different scenarios. The results show that the range of PCDD/Fs emission factors was 24.68~290.90ng TEQ/t, with an average value of 75.11ng TEQ/t. The total emission was 1.07g TEQ in 2018. The estimated emission factors and total emissions were lower than existing studies. In terms of incinerator type, the emission factor of grate firing incinerators was lower than that of fluidized bed incinerators, indicating that it has a good control effect on PCDD/Fs emissions. In terms of spatial distribution, the largest MSW incineration amount was mainly concentrated in Weifang, Jining and Zibo city, and total emissions and atmospheric simulated concentrations were also relatively high. In terms of scenario comparison, the future scenario with stricter standards and improved MSW incineration rate was more in line with the requirements of the future development planning of the MSW incineration industry in Shandong Province, and can also achieve the goal of reducing the PCDD/Fs emissions and environmental impacts. Compared with the baseline scenario, the average annual concentration contribution in this scenario will be reduced by 22.73% and 24.19%, respectively.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 735-747 [Abstract] ( 308 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1051KB] ( 1506 )
Soil Pollution Control
748 Concentration characteristics and risk of tetracycline antibiotics in black soil farmland
CUI Zheng-wu, WANG Yang, YU Rui
In order to understand the antibiotic residues in farmland soil with long-term application of livestock manure, the concentration characteristics and ecological risk of three tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in soil around large piggery in black soil area of Jilin Province were studied. The results showed that the mean concentration of ΣTCs in soil was 1.31mg/kg, and the average concentrations in different types of soil were: mollisols > lesslve > chernozem. The mean concentration of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) were 0.69mg/kg, 0.48mg/kg and 0.14mg/kg, respectively, with the detection rate in the range of 42.86% to 71.43%. OTC, TC and CTC showed different distribution characteristics in different types of soil, which were mainly affected by multiple factors such as soil properties, antibiotic properties, application amount and years of livestock manure. The risk quotients of OTC, TC and CTC were 3.06, 0.85 and 0.60, respectively, and OTC was at a high ecological risk level. The three TCs exceeded the trigger value of ecological toxicity effect in varying degrees, and the ecological toxicity risk was higher. The long-term application of pig manure resulted in the accumulation of tetracycline antibiotics in soil and high ecological risk.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 748-755 [Abstract] ( 332 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 499KB] ( 2013 )
756 Study on the high-performance liquid chromatography detection method of phthalic acid esters in soils
LIN Jia-bao, SUN Yu-hao, WANG Jian, GAO Yan-zheng
In order to detect phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in soils more efficiently, quickly and economically, an ultrasonic extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography (UE-HPLC) method was established and optimized. Dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate were selected as experimental subjects, which were under the priority control of US Environmental Protection Agency. By measuring the maximum ultraviolet absorption wavelength of six types of PAEs and optimizing the operating conditions of high-performance liquid chromatography, the high-performance liquid chromatography detection method of six types of PAEs in soils was established. The specific parameters of the method are as follows: the detection time was 30min; the injection volume of the injection system was 20 μL; the separation system used acetonitrile and ultrapure water as mobile phases, and the initial flow rate was 1.0mL/min. PAEs was separated by gradient elution, and the column temperature was 40℃. The detection system used ultraviolet detector to detect, and the wavelength switching mode was switched on, and the wavelength was 205 and 290nm respectively. The method was evaluated by linear regression equation, correlation coefficient, recovery rate, relative standard deviation and detection limit. The results showed that the method had a wide linear range, with the maximum mass concentration ranging from 0.1 to 100mg/L, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.999. The spiked recoveries of 1 and 5mg/kg were 73.03%~91.89% and 72.59%~90.70%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations were 1.78%~12.46% and 0.30%~7.56%. The detection limits of six types of PAEs were calculated by triple signal-to-noise ratio method and verification regulation of liquid chromatographs. The detection limits of PAEs were 0.99~19.80 and 9.49~25.11μg/kg, respectively.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 756-763 [Abstract] ( 213 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 804KB] ( 1513 )
764 Empirical analysis on soil remediation constructions of contaminated sites in Beijing
MENG Hao, MEI Dan-bing, DENG Jing-fei, LIU Peng, DONG Jing-qi, ZHANG Hong-zhen, LI Xiang-lan
In order to identify the remediation characteristics of contaminated soil at regional scales, the remediation technologies and volumes based on 51remediation sites in Beijing from 2006 to 2021 were statistically analyzed. The material flow method was used to explore the flux and trend of contaminated soil and contaminants, and the factor method was used to estimate the carbon emissions generated by remediation behaviours. The results showed that the remediation volume of contaminated soil in Beijing during the past 16years was 8.1918 million m3, of which 88.13%, 10.23% and 1.64% were organic, organic-inorganic composite and inorganic contaminated soil, respectively. The remediation technologies used were mainly ex-situ, accounting for 82.92% of the total remediated soil volume. The main destinations of remediated soil were landfill (46.02%) and resource utilization (35.18%), while in-situ remediation (15.25%), risk control (1.83%) and backfilling (1.72%) were relatively minor. A total of 9943.70t of 6types of characteristic contaminants were treated, including 239.89t of benzene series, 1502.12t of chlorinated hydrocarbons, 510.36t of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 4908.52t of petroleum hydrocarbons, 2768.33t of heavy metals and 14.48t of pesticides. The total amount of CO2 emitted by the remediation was 583400 tons, and the emission intensity gradually decreased. It is suggested that, firstly, give priority to low-carbon remediation technologies and resource utilization models; secondly, reduce the disturbance and transportation flux of characteristic contaminants remediated in regional scales, and reduce the input consumption of energy and materials; thirdly, elaborate the sustainable degree assessment method of regional contaminated sites remediation, and build a strong management model for sustainable use of soil resources.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 764-771 [Abstract] ( 405 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1062KB] ( 1916 )
772 Effects of fertilization regimes on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in greenhouse soil
LIU Xiao-ying, LI Ying, GENG Jia-gen, WANG Jie, CHEN Qing, LI Si
In this study, the surface soil (0~20cm) under different fertilization regimes was collected from a vegetable greenhouse and 83 antibiotics and 203 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 14 antibiotics, 129 ARGs subtypes and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in the soil. Tetracyclines (TCs) were the dominant antibiotics in soil, and β-lactams and multi-drug resistance genes were the dominant ARG types. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes were the main bacterial phyla in soil under different treatments. Fertilization increased the diversity and abundance of antibiotic residues and ARGs in soil, and increased the α-diversity of soil bacterial communities. The relative abundances of antibiotics, ARGs and MGEs were the highest in the treatments of manure alone and manure plus chemical fertilizer, and they were decreased by applying reduced manure. The return of rice husk to the field was helpful in controlling the pollution of antibiotics and ARGs. The selection pressure from antibiotics, changes in bacteria community and MGEs were the driving factors affecting the distribution of ARGs in greenhouse vegetable soil.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 772-780 [Abstract] ( 342 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1209KB] ( 1053 )
781 Spatio-temporal distribution and influencing factors of selenium in soil-crop system from the plateau basin region, Northeastern Yunnan
CHEN Zi-wan, XU Jing, YANG Shu-yun, HOU Zhao-lei, YANG Fan, ZHANG Fu-gui, YU Lin-song
The temporal and spatial distribution of soil selenium (Se) and its influencing factors in a typical plateau basin area of northeastern Yunnan are investigated by studying the main objects including rocks, soil, and crops (apples). These objects were monitored using the analytical techniques of elemental speciation and bioconcentration coefficient. The result shows that the selenium-enriched soils were concentrated in the towns of Sayu and Jiupu, and selenium in soil was mainly inherited from carbonate rock, coal-bearing clay rock, basalt, and Quaternary sediments. Soils in carbonate rock and clay rock areas were affected simultaneously by supergene enrichment mechanisms, and soils from different parent material areas showed changes in the active proportion of selenium at different depths, especially at the depth of 20~60cm. The degree of selenium bioconcentration satisfied the relation: basalt > coal-bearing clastic rock > Quaternary sedimentary rock > carbonate rock. In the complex parent material section of the basin, Se demonstrated higher biological activity, and soil Se was more likely to accumulate in apple leaves, followed by roots, branches, and fruits. In addition, organic matter, pH, and soil parent material were the three key variables influencing selenium movement and accumulation in soil and crops, and soil Se tended to migrate into crops Particularly at pH 6.05~7.15. The temporal and spatial changes of soil Se in the area were primarily affected by differences in land cultivation methods and the mixing of unnatural sources, and the changes mostly occurred in the "high Se" and "low Se" regions. The appearance of unnatural Se sources was accompanied by the accumulation of other pollutants; therefore, it is recommended to strengthen source monitoring and pollutant risk assessment in these areas.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 781-792 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1796KB] ( 1683 )
793 Analysis on the occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in Harbin agricultural soils
YU Qing-xin, LIU Shuo, MA Li-na, MEN Zhi-yuan, LI Tao-tao, CAI Lu-yao, SUN Meng
To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soils, the abundance, appearance characteristics and types of MPs in Harbin agricultural soils were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by body microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of MPs in agricultural soils were analyzed by comparison with the presence or absence of agricultural films as a classification. The results showed that the abundance of MPs in agricultural soils in the study area ranged from 198.32 to 1002.61n/kg, with a mean value of about 485.80n/kg, and the abundance of MPs in soils with agricultural film cover was 1.69 times higher than that without agricultural film cover. In the vertical spatial distribution, the abundance of MPs decreased with increasing depth. The average abundance of MPs was about (567.70±210.53) n/kg in the plow layer soil, and the abundance of MPs decreased to (403.80±141.66)n/kg in the plow bottom layer, with a decrease of 40.59%. The highest percentage of MPs type was PE (46.61%) in the soil with agricultural film cover and PP (38.76%) in the soil without agricultural film cover. The particle composition of the soil had a great influence on the distribution of MPs in the soil, with clay particles being the main factor affecting the abundance of MPs (r=-0.6, P<0.05). The findings of this paper can provide reference data for the standardization of MPs contamination assessment in agricultural soils and provide a basis for the migration of MPs in soils.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 793-799 [Abstract] ( 353 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 737KB] ( 2197 )
Environmental Ecology
800 Seasonal differences of terrigenous material transport in Nanliu Estuary and their effects
DUAN Xiao-yong, GAO Fei, LIU Jin-qing, YANG Lei, YIN Ping, CAO Ke, LI Yan-xia, DONG Chao
The variations of organic matter content and isotopic composition in the surface sediments of the Nanliu River estuary during the wet season (July 2015) and the dry season (April 2016) were investigated to reveal the seasonal differences of terrestrial materials transported into the sea, and to evaluate their influences on the offshore environment. The results showed that the content of suspended particulate matter (SPM) decreased gradually with the increase of water depth in the dry season (average value: 0.030g/L). In the wet season, the content of SPM was lower before the flood (average value: 0.020g/L), and significantly increased after the flood (average value: 0.047g/L). It is indicated that waves and tides in dry seasons have greater disturbance to the surface sediments, resulting in a large amount of SPM, while waves and tides in wet seasons have less influence, and SPM content is mainly controlled by flood. The average contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in sediments in different seasons were similar, and the average TOC content was close to 0.46%. The TN content in wet season and normal season was 0.054% and 0.062%, respectively, but the spatial distribution was significantly different. The content of organic matter is higher in the semi-closed bay east of the estuary in the wet season, and the distribution of organic matter is patchy in the dry season. According to the characteristics of isotopic compositions, terrigenous organic matter was transported outward from the mouth of the river during the wet period, and sedimentary zone with high terrigenous organic matter was formed southward along the estuary, and marine organic matter was the main source in the semi-closed bay. In dry season, the contribution of terrigenous organic matter decreased rapidly from estuarine outward. In the study area, the sedimentary environment was mainly characterized by rapid sediments accumulation after being transported outward from the estuary in wet seasons, and strong mixing under the action of waves and tides in dry seasons, which contributes to the obvious seasonal differences in the environmental quality of surrounding sea waters. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider how to effectively carry out seasonal regulation in the future water environment treatment process.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 800-808 [Abstract] ( 262 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1884KB] ( 964 )
809 Identification of key areas for the ecological restoration of territorial space in Kunming based on the InVEST model and circuit theory
QIN Bin-gui, LIN Yi-lin, ZHAO Jun-san, CHEN Guo-ping, HE Wan-cai, Lü Qing-zhou
Taking Kunming as a case study area, an ecological security pattern was built based on the InVEST model, landscape connectivity evaluation and circuit theory to identify the key areas for the ecological restoration of territorial space. According to the research, there were 34 ecological source areas in Kunming with an area of 6421.95km2, exhibiting a distribution pattern of being “denser in the west and sparser in the east” and “concentrated in the north and scattered in the south”. 67 ecological corridors were extracted with a total length of 859.72km; the corridors show a spatially variable distribution, forming the ecological security pattern of “one ring, three districts, three screens, six axes and multiple points”; 27 ecological pinches and 33 ecological barriers were identified, forming the key areas for ecological restoration, respectively covering 197.68 and 155.84km2, mostly in southern Kunming. Considering the geographical features and current land types of the key areas, two restoration strategies were proposed, namely, the strategy with natural conservation as the main body and human restoration as the supplement and exerting equal stress on human restoration and natural conservation. The research provided a reference for the ecological restoration of municipal territorial space.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 809-820 [Abstract] ( 371 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4816KB] ( 2071 )
821 Research on distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the typical aquifers
WANG Ying, WANG Ming-yu, WU Chang-yong, WANG Yue, FAN Shuai, MA Xue-min
An organic contaminated site in northwest China was selected to research volatile organic compounds (VOCs) distribution characteristics and human health risk assessment in the typical aquifers. 65 groundwater samples were collected through layered sampling technique. The distribution characteristics and human health risk assessment of aniline and COD in the aquifers was analysed by multivariate statistics, adsorption thermodynamics, three-dimensional interpolation and health risk assessment methods. The results showed that the groundwater in the study area has been polluted. The largest single factor pollution index value of aniline and COD was 305.42 and 90.63 respectively. The contamination plume of aniline and COD in the aquifer was large. The vertical distribution form 7 to 12.7m of aniline and COD was larger and concentration was higher. The total mass of adsorbed aniline in the aquifer was 1.18times than that of dissolved aniline. Aniline in the groundwater would cause carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards to human health. Aniline mainly causes harm to human health through drinking groundwater.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 821-830 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2303KB] ( 1123 )
831 Mate analysis of heavy metal pollution in sediments of Chaohu Lake, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake
LI He, WANG Shu-hang, CHE Fei-fei, JIANG Xia, NIU Yong
The study analyzed the heavy metal concentrations of Chaohu Lake,Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake sediment from 2004 to 2021, and conduct the Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis of geoaccumulation, potential ecological risk and toxicity heavy metal of the three lakes to objectively and comprehensively describe the contamination degree. The results showed that,the three lakes were polluted by Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd in different degrees and followed with the order: Poyang Lake > Dongting Lake > Chaohu Lake. The geoaccumulation indices showed that Cd is the dominant pollutant in all three lakes, and the probabilities were 84.76% for moderatesediment contamination, in Chaohu Lake, 32.64% for heavy sediment contamination in Dongting Lake and 46.64% for heavy sediment contamination in Poyang Lake respectively. Cd contribute most to the potential ecological risks index (RI), and its proportion in the Chaohu lake, Dongting lake and Poyang lake were 80.26%、91.04% and 90.03%, respectively. Chaohu lake were at low-moderate risk, Dongting lake take the 60.74% possibility of high risk and Poyang lake take 68.95% possibility of high risk. Toxicity unit evaluation results indicated that Pb and Cr were the main contributor of toxicity in three Lakes sediment. The toxicity of heavy metals was observed the low level in the Chaohu lake and Dongting lake, but the moderate leve in Poyang lake with a 69.03% cumulative probability. The heavy metals of surface sediments in Chaohu lake, Dongting lake and Poyang Lake mainly derived from industry, transportation, agriculture and natural sources. The heavy metal contaminatio of Chaohu Lake mainly came from transportation, while Dongting lake and Poyang Lake mainly came from industry.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 831-842 [Abstract] ( 478 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 854KB] ( 1668 )
843 Characteristics and influencing factors of the rising period of carbon sink flux in East Dongting Lake waters
ZHU Yi-fan, TIAN Ze-bin, WANG Li-jing, JI Dao-bin, YANG Zhong-yong, MENG Jiang-huai, TIAN Pan, LIU Jia
In order to exam the characteristics of carbon sinking flux in the East Dongting Lake, several key environmental factors during the rising period in April 2022 in this lake were monitored. The primary productivity of phytoplankton and the exchange fluxes of CO2 and CH4 at the water air interface in the rising period of Dongting Lake were studied by vertical induction model and thin boundary layer method. The waters net carbon sinking flux were calculated based on the carbon budget relationship and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results show a significant spatial heterogeneity in the carbon sinking ability of the waters during the rising period, generally show the characteristics of carbon source. The net carbon sinking flux at the outlet of Lake, Chenglingji, Yueyanglou, Bianshan, Lujiao, the island in the lake, butterfly mouth, the big and small West Lakes, the upstream of liumenzha and hongxingzhou is negative, i.e., a carbon source. The fluctuation range of flux various between -4.92 and -0.17 (mmol/(m2·h)). The average carbon sink flux reaches -1.95mmol/(m2·h). The net carbon sinking flux in the lake and the downstream of liumen gate is positive, i.e., a carbon sink. The fluctuation range of flux various between 1.10 and 2.24(mmol/(m2·h)). The average carbon sink flux reaches 1.67mmol/(m2·h). The net carbon sink flux (NPP) in East Dongting Lake waters is mainly affected by CO2 flux (FCO2), CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) and dissolved oxygen (DO). In addition, water level fluctuations, water nutrients, temperature, water alkalinity will also have a greater impact on the carbon sink capacity by changing the PCO2 content of the water.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 843-853 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 937KB] ( 2154 )
854 Effects of alternate drying-wetting cycles on biofilm characteristics and their microbial communities
LI Chun-yan, XIE Shan-shan, WANG Wen-wen, ZHU Shi-jun, WEN Chen, LI Ni-hong, LUO Xia
The periphytic biofilm was sampled in natural environment and cultivated under indoor controlled conditions to clarify the biofilm resistance mechanisms under the influence of alternate drying and wetting cycles. The morphology, microbial community structure, diversity and function of natural biofilms were examined using 16S rRNA gene high throughput sequencing and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results showed that biofilm thickness was reduced from 9.10 to 6.46 μm with the increase of alternate drying-wetting cycles from one (C1) to five (C5). The extracellular polymer content decreased from 2.64 μm3/μm3 (control) to 1.9 μm3/μm3(C1), and then increased from 4.41 μm3/μm3(C3) to 1.54 μm3/μm3(C5, P=0.004). The ratio of live/dead bacteria increased from 2.52 (C1) to 3.60 (C3), and then decreased to 0.72(C5, P=0.009). However, the changes in surface area to volume ration and roughness coefficient with the alternate drying and wetting cycles were not significant compared to the control. In contrast to the control, the richness and diversity of the microbial community decreased and the indicator species changed when biofilm exposed to alternate drying and wetting cycles. The dominant bacteria in biofilm shifted from Proteobacteria to Cyanobacteria-related flora when the alternate drying and wetting cycles reached to five (C5). Moreover, functional groups associated with photoautotrophy became the most abundant. Therefore, biofilm morphology and microbial community structure were associated with the alternate drying and wetting cycles. Microbial communities exhibited high degrees of resistance under lower alternate drying and wetting cycles, whereas showed high degrees of resilience to increased alternate drying and wetting cycles.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 854-862 [Abstract] ( 215 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1488KB] ( 1050 )
863 Coupling evolution analysis of LUCC and habitat quality in Dongting Lake Basin Based on multi-scenario simulation
YANG Ling, WANG Jin-long, ZHOU Wen-qiang
The Dongting Lake Basin is located in the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the north of Nanling Mountains, China. It is an important agricultural production base in China, with many priority areas for biodiversity conservation. The prime idea of multi-scenario simulation is to explore the characteristics of the coupling coordination between land use and land cover change (LUCC) and habitat quality under different scenarios. Five scenarios were proposed, which are natural development (Scenario 1), rapid development (Scenario 2), cultivated land protection (Scenario 3), ecological protection (Scenario 4) and sustainable development (Scenario 5). The PLUS model and InVEST model are used to respectively simulate the land use change and habitat quality under five different scenarios in 2030. The results show that: 1) Simulation results of land use change basically meet the requirements of scenario setting, which can better reflect the evolution rule and land-use planning goals; 2) The habitat quality in 2030 varies in the following order: Scenario 4 > Scenario 5 > Scenario 3 > Scenario 1 > Scenario 2; 3) The coupling coordination in Scenario 1, Scenario 2 and Scenario 3shows a downward trend, among which, the decline of Scenario 3is the highest; while that of Scenario 4 and Scenario 5 demonstrates an upward trend, among which, the increase of Scenario 4is higher than that of Scenario 5). 4) Combined with the principle of scenario setting, Scenario 5 provides an insight to the feasibility of planning and development for the optimization of spatial patterns of coupling coordinated development of LUCC and habitat quality in the Dongting Lake Basin.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 863-873 [Abstract] ( 243 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3280KB] ( 1117 )
874 Evolution characteristics and influencing factors of hydro-ecological space pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020
BO Li-ming, WEI Wei, YIN Li, ZHAO Lang, XIA Jun-nan
Using the spatial transfer matrix and spatial econometric model, this research aims to explore the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of hydro-ecological space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020, and fleshes out the understanding of long-term and large-scale research of hydro-ecological space in the context of territorial spatial planning. The results show that in the 20 years between 2000 and 2020, the overall scale of the hydro-ecological space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt had increased by 2076.08km2, with a significant scale increase in upstream and downstream regions while a sharp scale drop in the middle reaches. The urban space of the eastern coastal areas and the central areas, including Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang, which were recognized as the core of the 'Central Triangle' region, have occupied the hydro-ecological space severely; the most significant conversion is hydro-ecological space and agricultural space, which was the major type of land use conversion in the Yangtze River economic belt; Hydro-ecological space was affected by both natural geographical and socio-economic factors, showing a significant difference in the effects of influencing factors on the hydro-ecological space in various evolutionary directions.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 874-885 [Abstract] ( 252 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7283KB] ( 1293 )
886 Optimization of extraction and distribution characteristics of butyltins in dredged materials from the Bohai Sea
KONG Ling-na, XIANG Qing-xin, WANG Xiao-meng, CHEN Hong, WANG Xin-xin, HAN Jian-bo, YAO Yuan, ZHANG Nai-dong
In order to understand the pollution of butyltins (BTs, sum of monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT)) in the dredged materials from the Bohai Sea, four dredging projects around the Bohai Sea were selected. The extraction conditions of BTs in sediment were optimized by single variable method, and then the BTs in the dredged materials were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting BTs in dredged materials were the addition of 4.50g of activated copper powder, dichloromethane/dichloroethane (V:V=1:1) mixed extractant and 0.5% tropolone solution. TBT, DBT and MBT were detected in the dredged materials from the Bohai Sea. Their contents ranged from 2.93 to 7.96, 1.07 to 2.27 and 4.99 to 9.00ng·Sn/g (calculated by dry weight, the same below) respectively. In most dredging projects, the spatial distribution of TBT generally showed a trend of higher content closer to the coast, BTs content was at a low level compared to research in other countries and regions, and TBT were historical input. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the ecological risks of TBT in dredged materials from the Bohai Sea were at a low level. However, according to the management recommendations for the ocean dumping of dredged materials by international conventions, it was necessary to continue pay attention to or control the ocean dumping of dredged materials in the study area.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 886-895 [Abstract] ( 191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 491KB] ( 714 )
896 Effect of fluid shear stress on activity of Microcystis aeruginosa cells
LIU Ren-jing, JIANG Wen-tao, XU Kai-ren, LI Zhong-you, LI Xiao, MIN Lei, LIANG Ying
To study the effect of the shear stress on the cell activity of Microcystis aeruginosa, its growth under shear stresses, 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 Pa, was investigated accordingly, and the changes of the algal-cell physiological indicator and the algal-fluid indicator were analyzed. The results indicated that the shear stress below 0.6 Pa can cause the density and photosynthetic pigment content of Microcystis aeruginosa cells increase, promoting their growth and reproduction.The photosynthetic intensity and the nutrient utilization were enhanced by the most favorable shear-stress condition (0.6Pa) for growth, while the cell structure was not excessively damaged. However, the high shear stress, 0.9Pa, would affect the membrane permeability of the algal cells by breaking their structure, thereby inhibiting their growth and metabolism.The results demonstrated that the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa cells was affected by the fluid shear stress, manifested as “low promotion and high inhibition”, where their activity was enhanced by moderate shear stress, and their growth was inhibited by the high shear stress. The findings provided a hint or an approach for preventing and managing Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in water bodies, such as lakes and reservoirs.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 896-903 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 553KB] ( 973 )
Environmental Microbiology
904 Isolation and identification of antimony-oxidizing bacterium Pseudomonas sp. AO-1 and its oxidation properties for Sb(III)
LONG Pei, DENG Ren-jian, YANG Yu, JIN Gui-zhong, HUANG Zhong-jie, ZHOU Xin-he, WANG Xi-feng, WANG Chuang
An antimony-oxidizing bacterium was screened from Xikuangshan by the resistance screening method and identified by molecular biology techniques. And its oxidation properties for Sb(III) and the characteristics of oxidized secondary minerals were investigated. The results showed that the antimony-oxidizing bacterium belonged to the genus Pseudomonas sp., which was named Pseudomonas sp. AO-1 (AO-1). The main factors affecting the oxidation of Sb(III) by AO-1 were solution pH, dissolved oxygen and iron/manganese oxide (elemental iron, FeCl3 and MnO2). In addition, AO-1 could oxidize Sb(III) under both aerobic and anoxic conditions, and the Michaelis-Menten constant and maximum oxidation rate of aerobic oxidation of Sb(III) were 393.05mmol/L and 0.271mmol/(L·min), respectively, presenting strong oxidizing ability to antimony. The combination of AO-1 and iron/manganese oxides could promote Sb(III) oxidation, and the rate of iron/manganese oxides promoting the oxidation of Sb(III) by AO-1 was in the following order: FeCl3 > MnO2 > elemental iron. Furthermore, the coupled oxidation of Sb(III) by AO-1 and iron/manganese oxides generated secondary minerals containing Sb(V), which accelerated Sb(III) oxidation and affected the migration and transformation of antimony in the environment. AO-1indeed exhibits satisfactory antimony oxidation performance, which is of great significance for the biogeochemical transformation of antimony and the application of soil microbial remediation.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 904-914 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1202KB] ( 1549 )
915 Effects of long-term combined heavy metal pollution on soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms
LIU Rong-can, LIU Xiao-xia, FENG Yang, ZHAO Qian-cheng, HU Xue-song, DU Yan-bin, YU Cai-hong
In order to further understand the changes of distribution and potential functions of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms under long-term heavy metal pollution pressure, the response of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms containing phoD gene or pqqE gene in the soil around a gold mine in Beijing to different levels of combined heavy metal pollution was systematically analyzed by using macrogenomics technology. It is showed that phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms was affected by heavy metals. With heavy metal concentration increasing, the relative abundance of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms gradually decreased. Acidobacter and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in heavy metal contaminated soil. Heavy metals were the most significantly related factors to the phosphorus solubilizing microbial community. The phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms were greatly affected by heavy metals As, Pb, Zn. Heavy metals were susceptibly influence Nitrospirae, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadete, Proteobateria, which changed the community structure. Nitrospirae was sensitive to Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd. The concentration of available phosphorus was significantly positively related to the diversity of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms (P<0.05), while Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms. However, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and pH had no significant effect on the diversity of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in heavy metal contaminated soil. The results provided a reference for further exploring the ecological adaptation mechanism of phosphorus releasing microorganisms under long-term heavy metal pollution pressure.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 915-926 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2537KB] ( 1418 )
927 Bacillus sp. Z2 immobilized rare earth yttrium and reduced the absorption of Y in rice
WANG Wei-ying, XU Cheng-long, CHEN Ying-ying, ZHU Du
A rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium Z2 resistant to yttrium (Y) was isolated from the rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi Province. It was identified as Bacillus sp., which could effectively reduce the bioavailability of Y3+under shake-flask fermentation. The mechanism may be the combined effect of bacterial adsorption, pH increasing and active metabolite which can bind with Y3+. In pot experiment, Z2 could significantly reduce the accumulation of Y in rice root by 49% (P<0.05) and 43% (P<0.01) under 0.08 and 0.35mmol/L Y3+treatment conditions, respectively. Phytochelatin was responsive to the increase of yttrium content in rice roots, metallothionein and glutathione s-transferase did not change significantly. The results indicated that Z2 could be used as a potential strain resource in the remediation of rare-earth contaminated farmland and in the safe production of rice.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 927-934 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1481KB] ( 847 )
Environmental Toxicology and Health
935 Research progress on biotoxicological effects and mechanism of polylactic acid microplastics and their combined pollution
SHAO Xue-chun, HU Shuang-qing, ZHANG Qi, GONG Kai-lin, FU Meng-ru, ZHANG Wei, PENG Cheng
The toxicity effects of single exposure of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, as well as their combined exposure with other environmental pollutants were reviewed. Moreover, the toxicity mechanisms of PLA microplastics on organisms was further summarized. The ingestion of PLA microplastics can affect the feeding, growth, survival, reproduction and motor behavior of organisms. The combined contamination of PLA microplastics with organics and heavy metals has certain potential risks to organisms. PLA microplastics mainly damage organisms through the toxicity mechanisms of mechanical damage, oxidative stress, nerve damage and immune damage. Future studies are needed to explore the toxic effects of aged or degraded PLA microplastics, the toxicity effects and mechanisms of combined exposure to terrestrial organisms, and their impacts on global ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. This review could provide ideas for the environmental and ecological risk assessment of PLA microplastics in the future.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 935-945 [Abstract] ( 545 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 685KB] ( 7133 )
946 Neurotoxicity effects of the three endocrine disruptors on zebrafish and the underlying molecular mechanisms by using the Illumina RNA-seq technique
GUO Zi-yi, WANG Wei-wei, SONG Jie, WANG Hui-li
Triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and bispenol A (BPA) are all proved to possess endocrine disrupting effects; however, little data are available on their neurotoxicity effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein, zebrafish transcriptomic data was obtained with the aid of RNA-Seq after exposure to the aforementioned three pollutants. By means of bioinformatics analysis, nine common positively differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened in the three exposure treatments. The GO functions and KEGG pathways of nine DEGs were mainly attributable to biological process, cellular component, and molecular function, in which the number and function were different with varying chemical exposure. Notably, most of the DEGs were found to be enriched in the nerve-related pathways, but their detailed pathways were different for three chemicals. The computation of node-correlation degree of PPI network showed that the hub genes enriched in neural pathways were different in the three treatments, which had rich and indirect interaction networks with neural marker genes. By integrating DEGs with GBM mutant gene of glioblastoma in the TCGA database, we confirmed that chemical exposure induced GBM risk, but the related occurrence pathway and regulatory signaling pathway were different. Therefore, the underlying neurotoxicity mechanisms induced by the three pollutants were disclosed at the molecular level.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 946-956 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1772KB] ( 6560 )
957 Effect of H2S on glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana based on transcriptomics
QI Hong-xue, WU Li-hua, LI Li-hong
Glucosinolates are a group of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites in cruciferous plants, which are closely related to environmental factors. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of Arabidopsis treated with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was performed, and the biological functions and metabolic pathways of differentially expressed genes were analyzed to explore the regulatory effect of H2S on glucosinolate biosynthesis in plants. The results showed that a total of 3160 genes were differentially expressed in Arabidopsis seedlings sprayed with 100μmol/L H2S for 3 days, including genes involved in metabolism, binding, catalysis, transcription regulation, transport and signal transduction. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in multiple primary and secondary metabolism. After exogenous H2S treatment, nine genes (8up-regulated and 1down-regulated) involved in aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthesis were identified to be differentially expressed, but genes associated with indole glucosinolates biosynthesis showed no obvious change. Meantime, several genes that participated in sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism were up-regulated, suggesting that exogenous H2S can enhance sulfur-related metabolic pathways, which would promote the aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthesis in plants. Transcription factor analysis showed that MYB29 was up-regulated, which could positively regulate the aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthesis. And MYB51, which would inhibit the aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthesis, was down-regulated. These results suggested that H2S could regulate the aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthesis in plants through MYB transcription factors. The qRT-PCR analysis of several genes involved in the glucosinolate biosynthesis verified the accuracy of transcriptomic sequencing, which further proved that H2S participated in the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis in plants.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 957-963 [Abstract] ( 178 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 693KB] ( 1109 )
964 Relationship of serum perfluoroalkyl substances with the risk of metabolic associated fatty liver disease
ZHANG Lu-lu, LIU Jing, HE Ying-qian, ZHAO Ya-nan, ZHENG Shan, WANG Min-zhen
To explore the effect of serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) on the basis of the 2017~2018 US National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) database. The logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to evaluate the association and dose-response relationship between PFAS and MAFLD. The main results showed that in a single pollutant model, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were negatively associated with the risk of MAFLD, with the ORs of 0.64 (95%CI:0.45~0.91), 0.65 (95%CI:0.46~0.93) and 0.45 (95%CI:0.30~0.67), respectively. In the multi-pollutant model, compared with the lowest quantile (Q1), the risk of MAFLD increased with the increase of perfluoronanoic acid (PFNA) by 62% (OR=1.62, 95%CI:1.10~2.39), 62% (OR=1.62, 95%CI:1.01~2.60) and 172% (OR=2.72, 95%CI: 1.53~4.84) at Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Conversely, there was negative linear dose-response relationship (Poverall<0.001) between PFDA and the risk of MAFLD. The risk of MAFLD were 0.61(95%CI: 0.44~0.85), 0.54(95%CI: 0.34~0.84) and 0.26(95%CI: 0.15~0.45) when the concentration of PFDA reached to Q2, Q3, and Q4 levels. Subgroup analysis showed that serum PFDA had a more significant effect on the risk of MAFLD in 51~65 years old population. Females exposed to serum PFNA were more likely to develop MAFLD. In conclusion, serum PFNA and PFDA were significantly related to the risk of MAFLD, and PFNA exposure played a risky role in the occurrence of MAFLD while PFDA had protective effect. Women, middle-aged and elderly people might be potential susceptible groups.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 964-972 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 658KB] ( 1688 )
973 The impact of air pollution on death from type 2 diabetes in Guangzhou
CHEN Su-juan, HUANG Lin, DONG Hang, LIN Guo-zhen, WANG Bo-guang, YANG Jun
To investigate the associations between air pollution and the type 2 diabetes, daily data on air pollution, deaths from type 2diabetes, and meteorological conditions from 2013 to 2018 in Guangzhou were collected. Then, generalized additive models (GAM) was applied to examine effects of air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, O3, PM10, SO2 and CO) on deaths from type 2diabetes. Stratification analysis was further conducted by age group (0~64 years old, 65+ years old), sex, and seasons (cold season: November to the following April; warm season: May to October). This study found that the effects of air pollutants were generally acute, which usually lasted for three days. Each inter-quantile range (IQR) increase in the concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, PM10, O3, SO2, and CO was respectively associated with increments in deaths from type 2 diabetes of 6.3% (RR=1.063; 95%CI: 1.017, 1.112), 4.7% (RR=1.047; 95%CI: 1.008, 1.088), 6.7% (RR=1.067; 95%CI: 1.020, 1.116), 0.5% (RR=1.005; 95%CI: 0.956, 1.058), 5.6% (RR=1.056; 95%CI: 1.007, 1.107) and 4.5% (RR=1.045; 95%CI: 1.007, 1.085) at the lag 0~2 days. Moreover, the elderly and females were more vulnerable to air pollutants. And higher effect estimates of air pollutants were observed in cold season than in warm season. Although air quality has been greatly improved in China, this study still observed statistically significant associations between various air pollutants and deaths from type 2 diabetes. Therefore, more stringent measures are recommended to manage the level of air pollution and improve the awareness of protecting diabetes patients from the adverse effect of air pollution.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 973-980 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 894KB] ( 827 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
981 Benefit assessment of mercury emission reductions under the cleaner heating policy for the rural households in northern China
FANG Pei, ZHANG Wei, SONG Ling-ling, XU Zeng, WU Zhao-ming, LEI Zhi-yu, HU Tong-jia, LI Ming-yang, CHEN Long, LI Jia-shuo
To quantify the effects of mercury (Hg) emission reductions from the rural household cleaner heating policy (CHP) in northern China, the air pollutants emission inventory method and the GEOS-Chem model were employed to develop the Hg emission inventory and simulate Hg deposition reduction in the key regions during the 13th Five Year Plan period. Results show that the implementation of the CHP had avoided 59.65million tons of residential coal consumption and 10.54tons (Uncertainty Interval: -9.65%~6.94%) of Hg emissions in the study regions. More specifically, the Hg0, HgⅡ and Hgp emission declined 8.64tons, 1.79tons and 0.11tons, respectively. The CHP programs of coal-to-gas, coal-to-electricity, as well as the other heating energy transition technologies contributed 51.20%, 38.02% and 10.78% of the total Hg reduction, and the CHP avoided 0.49tons of Hg deposition in key regions. Meanwhile, CHP’s spillover effect reduced Hg deposition by 0.66tons in the area around the key regions. Optimization strategies were proposed to further reduce Hg emissions and promote rural energy transition in the future.
2023 Vol. 43 (2): 981-992 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2562KB] ( 1094 )
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