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2023 Vol.43 Issue.5,Published 2023-05-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Environmental Toxicology and Health
Carbon Emission Control
Air Pollution Control
2081 Review of the satellite remote sensing researches on the non-CO2 greenhouse gas N2O
DAI Liu-xin, LIANG Ming-jun, ZHANG Ying, XIE Yi-song, LIU Xing-run, LI Li, ZHANG Xin-wei, FAN Cheng, LI Zheng-qiang
Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been ranked as the third largest greenhouse gas in the world, and its pollution and treatment are becoming the focus of ecological and environmental protection in China's "14 th Five-Year Plan". Climate change assessment and environmental protection generate a high-standard demand for satellite remotely sensed N2O monitoring. This article reviews the major advances in N2O satellite remote sensing and presents the historical process of N2O satellite observations from the perspective of nadir, limb, and occultation. The inversion algorithm, the optimal estimation algorithm, onion peeling algorithm, and differential optical absorption spectroscopy are discussed according to the observation methods. Compared with the international N2O satellite remote sensing which started earlier and had more mature theories and technologies, China's N2O satellite remotely sensed monitoring capability still has a large room to be explored. By summarizing the status of the research, this article presents the development trend of remote sensing and proposals for N2O satellite remote sensing, and finally provide the prospect of future development.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2081-2094 [Abstract] ( 549 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3101KB] ( 1923 )
2095 Spatiotemporal distribution of block scale air pollutants in motor-vehicle prohibited zone based on mobile observations of vehicle-mounted bicycles
DIAO Wei-yuan, KONG Shao-fei, ZHENG Huang, XU Jia-ping, ZHENG Shu-rui, NIU Zhen-zhen, CHENG Yi, HU Yao, QI Shi-hua
In order to fill the gap of air quality datasets and provide detailed information for assessing effects of pollution control measures and human health risks at a block scale, real-time observations with a vehicle-mounted bicycle navigation were conducted to monitor variations in the atmospheric pollutants during the 7th World Military Games Period at the East Lake Scenic Area of Wuhan where motor vehicle was prohibited. The results indicate that the measured values of ρ(CO), ρ(NO2), ρ(PM2.5) and ρ(O3) were averaged up to 2.1higher in the study area than in a nearby monitoring station. During the control period, the average concentrations of ρ(CO), ρ(BC), ρ(NO2), ρ(PM2.5) and ρ(O3) were 970, 5.6, 57.8, 76.3 and 208.3μg/m3, respectively, in the vehicle prohibited zone, and 1100, 4.7, 60.9, 72.2 and 197.7μg/m3, respectively, in the non-prohibited. The hotspots located at places of intersections and traffic lights, where the ρ(BC),ρ(CO), ρ(O3) and ρ(PM2.5) amounted up to 20.1, 1800, 282.9 and 106.3μg/m3, respectively; while the values of ρ(CO), ρ(O3) and ρ(PM2.5) measured at a nearby monitoring station were 730, 128.0 and 31.0μg/m3, respectively, which obviously were lower than (or underestimated) the concentrations of these pollutants actually exposed to people at the block scale. During the control period, the proportions of the background concentrations for CO, NO2, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, O3 and BC were 75.9%, 63.2%, 77.6%, 77.5%, 78.8%, 80.7% and 37.4%, respectively, which all increased after the control.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2095-2105 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2316KB] ( 998 )
2106 Spatial representativeness of urban observation sites and hotspot identification based on CO2/CH4 vehicle-carried mobile observations
LI Ruo-nan, WANG Jun, LIU Yuan-ze, CHEN Long-long, ZHANG Mi, CAO Chang, QI Bing, HU Ning, XIAO Wei
The road CO2 and CH4 concentrations in Hangzhou during 2020 winter and 2021 spring were observed using vehicle-carried laser gas analyzer. The results indicate that:(1) the ΔCO2 magnitude (road surface atmospheric concentration minus urban background concentration) in different areas of the city was in the order of industrial area > commercial residential area > riverside residential area > natural scenic area, and the ΔCH4was in the order of riverside residential area > commercial residential area > industrial area > natural scenic area, indicating that the CO2 and CH4 emission sources were different; (2) the atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations were more than 30% higher near emission hotspots than in the surrounding areas, having obvious diurnal difference; (3) the CH4 and CO2 concentration ratio in Hangzhou tunnel was (0.000912±0.00002), suggesting that gasoline and diesel vehicles were dominant in Hangzhou; and (4) the observations of CO2 concentration from the viaducts with the heights of 20~30m can represent the impact of impervious surface within the radius from 2100 to 3100m, and the observations on ordinary roads can represent the impacts of vegetation within the radius from 1900 to 6100m. Obviously, the radius of 2000m is a suitable spatial interval for deploying high-density network observations.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2106-2118 [Abstract] ( 297 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6453KB] ( 1035 )
2119 Assessment of three-dimensional transport processes and quantitative source analysis of regional ozone pollution in Guangdong Province
XU Yi-fei, CUI Yin-ping, ZHU Yi-xiao, SHEN Ao, JIN Yin-bao, WANG Hai-heng, LIU Yi-ming, LU Xiao, FAN Qi
The WRF-CMAQ model was used to simulate aregional O3 pollution process in Guangdong Province from March 25 to 27, 2021, and the simulation results were good. While O3 pollution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) subsided, O3 pollution abnormally appeared in Shaoguan City. Taking Shaoguan as the main focus, the process of O3 transport from the PRD to Shaoguan was analyzed. The Process Analysis (PA) and Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) in the CMAQ model were used to assess the pollution transport and development process quantitatively. The results show that O3 polluted air mass generated in the PRD region remained in the upper air on March 25 and was transported to Shaoguan from the night of March 25 to the morning of March 26. 66.1% of O3 in the upper level from outside Shaoguan was transmitted down to the ground, and the physical transport process played a dominant role. On the 26th, O3 from Guangzhou, Dongguan, Qingyuan, and Foshan increased by 12times compared with the 25th. Regional transport was the main contributor to the abnormal O3 pollution in Shaoguan. Guangzhou and Dongguan were the primary sources of regional transport. Shaoguan, a city located in the basin, is easily affected by external transport, thus regionally coordinated emission reduction and joint prevention of O3 should be of concern.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2119-2127 [Abstract] ( 368 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5110KB] ( 1180 )
2128 Analyzing pollution characteristics of major components of PM2.5 and their correlation with meteorological conditions based on MERRA-2data
WANG Yue-ying, CHEN Li-juan, AN Xing-qin, MEI Mei, ZHAO Na
The spatial distribution and multi-time scale variation of black carbon, organic carbon and sulfate mass concentrations in China from 1980 to 2020 were analyzed by using the Version 2 Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) in this paper, and further explored was the possible relationship between the concentrations of black carbon, organic carbon and sulfate in typical regions of China and atmospheric self-cleaning index (ASI). The results show that the concentrations of black carbon, organic carbon and sulfate in China were low in the west and high in the central-eastern regions, with four representative regions of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Sichuan-Chongqing, Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai and Guangdong-Guangxi; found were periodic decadal changes in the concentrations of the studied chemical components with a slow increase, a rapid increase and a slow decline from 1980 to 2020. The seasonal variation patterns of the studied three components in the four regions were quite different, among which the black carbon concentration indicates a "U" pattern of a low value in summer and a high value in winter, while the organic carbon and sulfate concentrations have not a consistent pattern. Found was a significant negative correlation between ASI and the concentrations of black carbon, organic carbon and sulfate in the long-term trend, i.e., the higher (lower) ASI, the lower (higher) the concentrations of the studied pollutants.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2128-2137 [Abstract] ( 312 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1660KB] ( 1271 )
2138 Emission factors of PM2.5 and carbonaceous aerosols from household biomass stoves in Guizhou Province
WANG Yan-ni, YANG Jing-ting, CHENG Yan, LU Biao, GU Zhao-lin
A modified dilution sampling system for the emission pollutants from household biomass stoves was developed to test eight common rural biomass fuels and thus to realize the localization of the emission factors (EFs) of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbonaceous aerosols. Considering the different types of biomass fuel, stove, and fuel pretreatment method, a total of 48simulated scenario experiments were set up to quantify the PM2.5 in the flue gas and carbonaceous component emission factors. The results show that the average provincial EFs of PM2.5, element carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) for firewood and all biomass straw ranged from 2.63~69.93, 0.24~5.87 and 1.54~19.44g/kg, respectively. EC and OC were the major components of PM2.5 and their ratio slightly varied with biomass fuels. OC2, OC3, OC4 and EC1 were the main components released from residential biomass combustion, especially a higher mass fraction of OC3 or EC1was one of major characteristics of residential biomass combustion in Guizhou Province.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2138-2151 [Abstract] ( 219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1473KB] ( 1389 )
2152 Advances in the removal processes of HONO in the atmosphere
WANG Xue-yao, HE Xiang, LIN Deng
Nitric acid (HONO) is the key precursor of photochemical oxidant OH in the atmosphere, which has an important influence on the migration, transformation and removal of air pollutants. The removal processes of HONO in the atmosphere are closely related to its fate whose understanding, however, needs to be improved. It can be concluded from field observation, laboratory simulation and theoretical calculation that HONO can react with various pollutants in homogeneous and heterogeneous ways, which can be divided into four ways to remove HONO in the atmosphere:(1) the photolysis; (2) the reaction with inorganic substances, such as ·OH, HO2·, H·, nitrogen-containing substances, halogen-containing substances, sulfur-containing substances, etc., which include both direct reactions with free radicals and reactions with inorganic compounds; (3) the reaction with organic matter, which can directly or indirectly produce nitro derivatives; and (4) the settlement removal (wet settlement, dry settlement). At present, the studies on HONO removal mainly focused on mechanism; especially for heterogeneous removal of HONO, more efforts were put on the self-reaction of HONO with the participation of common catalytic particles. In the future, more experiments or model simulations are needed to deeply explore various factors affecting HONO removal and simulate the removal process of HONO under real atmospheric conditions.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2152-2160 [Abstract] ( 231 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 712KB] ( 3107 )
2161 Research progress on denitrification catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of ammonia from stationary sources
XIONG Shang-chao, ZHONG Ruo-lan, ZHOU Shi-yu, WANG Xin-yu, Ou Hong-jun
Selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3(NH3-SCR) technology is the most effective NOx emission control technology of stationary source at present. Catalyst is the core of NH3-SCR, among which metal oxide catalyst has been most extensively used. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of studies and exploration on the reaction activity and poisoning mechanism of metal oxide catalyst of NH3-SCR in stationary source. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of stationary source NH3-SCR catalysts, including vanadium-, manganese-, cerium-, iron- and copper-based catalysts. The poisoning mechanism and toxic resistance strategy of sulfur dioxide, alkali metals, heavy metals and phosphorus/halogens are summarized. The existing problems are considered, and the development trend of stationary source NH3-SCR denitrification technology in the future is further prospected.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2161-2170 [Abstract] ( 294 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 783KB] ( 2586 )
2171 Ultra-superhydrophobic Ti-MOF coated PET composite filter media for efficient removal of fine particulate matter
DONG Wei, ZHOU Shi-an, TANG Gang, XIANG Teng-fei, LONG Hong-ming, DING Lei, ZHANG Kui, QIAN Fu-ping, LI Gang
Achieving ultralow emissions requires to effectively capture fine particles from industrial flue gas and overcome the condensation and paste bag phenomena of filter bags in high-humidity environments. In this study, a novel superhydrophobic metal-organic framework (MOF)-based composite filter was constructed. Specifically, fluorinated NH2-MIL-125 was sprayed onto the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers to form a micro/nanoscale rough structure on the fiber surface that facilitated the rapid and firm assembly of the composite filter (SH-T@PET). The SH-T@PET had highly stable hydrophobicity, as evidenced by its water contact (WCA) and shedding angles (WSA) of (152.5±1.8)° and (6.7±1.7)°, respectively. In addition, the PM0.3removal efficiency (RE, (96.53±0.65)%) was greatly improved owing to the multiple effects of polar functional groups (-NH2), high zeta (ζ) potential, and the large void structure of NH2-MIL-125active units on the surface of SH-T@PET fibers. Moreover, the microscopic pore structure of SH-T@PET remained unchanged, the filtration pressure drop (ΔP, 50Pa) did not accelerat sharply, and the quality factor (QF, 0.0672Pa-1) was approximately 12.79% higher than that of the original PET filter at the low load rate (2.1%). The SH-T@PET composite filter media also exhibited good thermal and mechanical stabilities.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2171-2181 [Abstract] ( 210 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2105KB] ( 940 )
2182 Objective classification of pollution weather and typical pollution cases in Sichuan Basin from 2019 to 2021
WANG Cong-cong, ZHANG Xiao-ling, LU Ning-sheng
In this study, the PCT objective weather classification method was applied to research the sea level pressure field and 700 and 500hPa geopotential height fields in the Sichuan basin from 2019 to 2021, and the relationship between weather conditions and meteorological elements and air pollution was studied with the combination of environmental monitoring data. The results show that:①It is easy to appear PM2.5 pollution during the winter half-year, when the weather type of the sea level is low pressure field, 700hPa for westerly trough type, 500hPa for flat latitudinal type, and the weather elements are characterized by low temperature and high humidity, low boundary layer height, existence of convergence of wind field. ②It is conducive to O3 pollution during the summer half-year, when the sea level weather type is low pressure field, 700hPa with the westerly trough type, 500hPa lying at the back of the westerly trough, controlled by northwest airflow, the meteorology conditions with the characteristics of high temperature, low humidity, high boundary layer height, high radiation intensity and low precipitation. ③The formation of polluted weather is related to the coupling effect of high and low altitude weather patterns. The inverse temperature is a good indicator of pollution during the winter half-year, typical PM2.5 pollution days are accompanied by multi-layer inversion or ground inversion, which limits the vertical diffusion of pollutants. ④The PM2.5 high concentration area is mainly distributed in the west and south of the Sichuan Basin, and the low value areas are found in the northern part of the Sichuan Basin. The spatial distribution of O3 concentration is higher in the Chengdu Plain and the southern part of Sichuan Basin,while the lower concentration in the northeastern part of Sichuan.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2182-2197 [Abstract] ( 425 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9705KB] ( 1170 )
2198 Causes of ozone pollution in the Pearl River Delta in Winter-A case study of pollution process in January 2020
ZHOU Jie-ping, YUAN Bin, PENG Yu-wen, YANG Su-xia, LI Jin, LIU Si-li, HUANG Shan, LI Xiao-bing, CAI Jia-hua, SHAO Min
This study was to analyze effects of precursors, atmospheric oxidative capacity (AOC) and free radicals on an ozone pollution episode in January 2020 in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Our observations show that low wind speed during the pollution period was in favor of the accumulation of pollutants; while the daytime radiation could reach 70% of the summer in the same year, providing strong photochemical processes for ozone formation. The concentrations of ozone and its precursors increased significantly in the early stage of pollution, and accumulated with the pollution process. Simulations from the observation-based model (OBM) demonstrated that the formation and destruction rates of OH and HO2 in the pollution day were much higher than in other periods, indicating higher rates of free radical circulation and AOC. During the observation period, the AOC was mainly attributed to the oxidation of OH and ozone during the daytime. The maximum AOC was 4.9×107 molecule/(cm3·s) in the polluted day, indicating that the oxidation processes through photochemical reactions in winter in the PRD was still effective, thereby promoting the massive production of secondary pollutants. During the pollution period, the main contributors to OH reactivity during the day were volatile organic compounds (VOCs, 47%) and NOx (37%), or the pollution process was affected by both traffic and industrial emissions. Obviously, the increase of VOCs was the main factor of ozone pollution in this pollution process; and to extend the control of VOCs to cold seasons can help mitigate ozone pollution in these seasons in the PRD.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2198-2209 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2590KB] ( 1730 )
2210 Activation characteristics of cloud condensation nuclei in summer over the northern suburbs of Nanjing
ZHOU Li, MA Yan, ZHENG Jun, ZOU Hua
The activation characteristics of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) of atmospheric aerosols were observed over the northern suburbs of Nanjing from July to August 2018 using the SMPS-CCNC coupling method. The results showed that an average value of the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter (κ) in summer was 0.31 there; the CCN number concentrations (NCCN) at different supersaturations (S) were (1.43±0.60)x103cm-3 (S=0.13%), (2.64±1.06)x103cm-3 (S=0.23%), (3.88±1.35)x103cm-3 (S=0.41%), (4.81±1.64)x103cm-3 (S=0.59%), and (5.58±1.88)x103cm-3 (S=0.77%), respectively. The peak values were found between 18 and 23 LT. The NCCN of the double high pollution day (high PM2.5 concentration and high O3 concentration) was higher than that of the control day (low PM2.5 concentration and low O3 concentration) under different S; and the κ value (0.33) was also much higher than that of the control day (0.22). These could be mainly attributed to the chemical composition of PM2.5 and the higher O3 concentration in summer. The higher O3 concentration in summer would accelerate the photochemical or ozone oxidation reaction and therefore promote the formation and aging of secondary aerosols.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2210-2219 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2101KB] ( 1186 )
Water Pollution Control
2220 A review of several important factors influencing the Anammox process
HAN Xue-ke, WANG Zheng-rong, PENG Yong-zhen, HAN Hong-gui
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) technology is the most promising biological nitrogen removal process today. Under anaerobic conditions, Anammox bacteria directly oxidize ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen with nitrite as the electron acceptor, which has the advantages of no aeration, no need for organic carbon sources, and less excess sludge production. However, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria have strict requirements for their growth environment and numerous influencing factors, which has become the biggest bottleneck for large-scale engineering applications. This article reviewed the effects of five main influencing factors (substrate concentration, organic matter, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH) on anammox, and discusses how to maximize the use of anammox technology based on different reactor types and bacteria species, in order to provide reference for the application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation in mainstream sewage treatment.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2220-2227 [Abstract] ( 231 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 879KB] ( 2579 )
2228 Mechanism of heavy metal removal by spent activated carbon in BAC process-Pb(II) example
DONG Li-hua, YANG Xiao-hong, CHEN Zhi-ying, SONG Chen, PAN Shu-jie, HAN Ying-jie, ZHANG Guang-hui, HOU Li-an, KANG Ya
In order to reduce or avoid the generation of a large amount of hazardous wastes-spent biological activated carbon (SBAC) in the whole life cycle of BAC process, a 280-day comparative test of four activated carbon columns (LBC-Y, HBC-Y, LBC-O3, HBC-O3) with or without ozone oxidation in the influent water were carried out using two indicators of activated carbon (LBC and HBC). The mechanism of removing heavy metal Pb (II) by SBAC was studied through regular samplings of different activated carbon columns. The results showed that the removal performance of Pb (II) by SBAC with different activated carbon columns decreased for a short time and then continuously increased. The adsorption capacity of four different activated carbon columns for Pb (II) first decreased from about 6~7mg/g (virgin carbon) to about 1~2mg/g, and then gradually increased and far exceeded the initial adsorption capacity of virgin activated carbon. The comparative adsorption experiments of inactivated and retained biofilms showed that the presence or absence of microorganisms had no significant effect on the adsorption of Pb (II) by SBAC. Combined with the surface characterization (including pH, isoelectric point, surface functional groups, elemental analysis, etc.) and Pb (II) removal performance of SBAC from different activated carbon columns, the two-stage heavy metal removal mechanism of SBAC in BAC process was found:the initial alkaline precipitation (0~60days) and the subsequent ion exchange and acid functional group complexation, which realize the circulation and reasonable reuse of SBAC in the whole life cycle.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2228-2238 [Abstract] ( 202 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1815KB] ( 1186 )
2239 A review on the formation mechanism and in-situ control of freshwater dinoflagellate bloom
WEN Gang, teshuzifu, WANG Ru, WEN Cheng-cheng, BAI Yuan-nan, CAO Rui-hua, SI Fan, LI Kai, HUANG Ting-lin
Dinoflagellate is a kind of phytoplankton that mostly grow in the ocean, but some of them can cause the bloom in freshwater. The outbreak of dinoflagellate bloom will lead to the death of some aquatic organisms. Moreover, some dinoflagellates produce toxins and odorous substances, which trigger risks to the water supply. Therefore, it is significant to reveal the formation mechanism and control of freshwater dinoflagellate bloom. At present, series of studies on freshwater dinoflagellate blooms have been published, but there is a lack of summarization, especially in the water source. The research on the formation mechanism mainly includes environmental factors (hydrodynamic conditions, light, temperature, nutrient) and the unique physiological characteristics of dinoflagellates(cyst, vertical migration), while the prevention and control methods mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. In this paper, the freshwater dinoflagellate bloom is comprehensively discussed from four aspects, including the physiological ecology of dinoflagellate, the mechanism of the occurrence, in-situ control measures, and the comparison with cyanobacterial bloom. The future research fields are also discussed to promote the research progress of freshwater dinoflagellate bloom, to ensure the health of aquatic ecosystems and the safety of drinking water quality.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2239-2253 [Abstract] ( 212 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1687KB] ( 3913 )
2254 Start-up of the SNAD process for low ammonia-nitrogen sewage:Operational efficiency and ecological characteristics of microbe
WANG Zhao-zhao, WU Xin-juan, ZHU Shu-hao, AN Ning, MA Lei, LI Si-min
The Up-flow Microaerobic Sludge Blanket (UMSB-MBR) was employed to treat sewage with low ammonia-nitrogen and low C/N ratio, and the operational efficiency of the synchronous nitritation-anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process and the ecological characteristics of microbe were investigated. The results showed that, after start-ups of anammox, partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) and SNAD processes, the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) at the end of each process was (80.85±0.81)%, (84.62±0.10)% and (90.01±0.23)%, respectively; and the COD removal efficiency (CRE) reached (85.04±0.18)% after SNAD process was successfully started up. Metagenomic sequencing results show that Nitrosomonas, the dominant bacteria of AerAOB, was enriched at the PN/A stage, and the relative abundance of ammoxidation functional genes (hao and amo) increased. The dominant genus of AnAOB was shifted from Candidatus_Kuenenia in Anammox process to Candidatus_Brocadia in SNAD process, and the functional genes (hzs and hdh) of anammox decreased first and then increased, indicating that AnAOB gradually adapted to low DO and low C/N ratio. The relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria (Ignavibacterium, unclassified-p-Chloroflexi) and denitrifying related genes (narG、narH、nirS、nirK) were at higher levels during the SNAD process, which proved their important roles in heterotrophic nitrogen removal process. The main nitrogen removal pathways in the system was verified to attribute to the simultaneous nitritation, anammox and denitrification reaction processes. Furthermore, microbial signal transduction and mass exchange and transport were demonstrated to stay at a higher level during the start-up of the system, and the cooperation ability within functional bacteria was significantly enhanced.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2254-2263 [Abstract] ( 242 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1800KB] ( 1376 )
2264 Performance and mechanism of adsorption and desorption for cadmium in aqueous solution with mercaptopropionyl wheat straw
SUN Yong-peng, WANG Gang, HE Yang-yang, LUO Shi-cheng, TANG Chun-hui
To remove cadmium (Cd), a novel adsorbent, called mercaptopropionyl wheat straw (MPWS), was prepared by the alkali pretreatment and the mercaptopropionyl modification with wheat straw (WS). The adsorption performance and mechanism of MPWS for Cd(Ⅱ) were studied by employing static adsorption experiments, desorption experiment, and various characterization methods. The results showed that the removal rate of Cd(Ⅱ) in water sample could reach 97.21% when the oscillation rate was 150r/min, the adsorption temperature was 30℃, the adsorption time was 2h, the initial pH value was 6.0, and the initial concentration of Cd(Ⅱ) was 100mg/L. HCl solution and EDTA solution as desorption reagents had good desorption performance for MPWS-Cd, and the highest desorption efficiency was more than 95%. The adsorption behavior of MPWS for Cd(Ⅱ) accorded with the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the adsorption process of Cd(Ⅱ) by MPWS and the desorption process of MPWS-Cd by the desorption reagents could conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and these processes were spontaneous endothermic. The characterization results revealed that sulfydryl groups, amine groups, hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups in MPWS would participate in the coordination reaction with Cd(Ⅱ) in the chemical adsorption. The adsorption mechanism between MPWS and Cd(Ⅱ) mainly includes coordination, ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption and physical adsorption. The desorption mechanism of MPWS-Cd by HCl solution is mainly protonation, while the desorption mechanism of MPWS-Cd by EDTA solution is mainly coordination competition.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2264-2276 [Abstract] ( 204 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1896KB] ( 933 )
2277 Rapid cultivation of nitrifying microgranular sludge and its response to sulfides
WANG Cai-xia, CHEN Jie, WANG Qian, SHEN Yao-liang, LIU Wen-ru
The dewatered sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant was inoculated in a continuous flow gas lift internal circulation reactor, and the rapid culture of nitrified granular sludge and its response to sulfides were investigated. The results showed that under the condition of high inoculation sludge concentration (19.3g/L), sludge granulation was basically achieved within 30 days by gradually shortening HRT (7h to 2h) and increasing influent ammonia nitrogen load (0.5kg/(m3·d) to 3.1kg/(m3·d)). The SVI3=SVI30 was (16.8±0.3)mL/g, and the average particle size of granular sludge was 266 μm. The high concentration nitrification granular sludge[(11.9±0.2)g/L] ensured the high load operation of the system (ammonia nitrogen removal load (2.4±0.3)kg/(m3·d)). Sulfides in the influent significantly inhibited ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in granular sludge, but the recovery of AOB activity was faster than that of NOB, so nitrifying micro-granular sludge achieved the function of nitrification. When the sulfide concentration increased to 10mg/L, the nitrification rate reached about 80%. However, when the sulfide concentration was further increased to 20mg/L, the nitrification rate did not increase significantly. The batch experiments on the 82nd day showed that AOB activity decreased with the increase of initial sulfide concentration, while NOB activity increased, which was closely related to the stratified distribution of AOB (outer layer) and NOB (inner layer) in granular sludge. In addition, the effect of sulfides on nitrifying granular sludge with small particle size (<0.3mm) was more significant.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2277-2285 [Abstract] ( 188 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1657KB] ( 811 )
2286 Enhanced mechanism and ecotoxicity evaluation of rosmarinic acid enhanced PSF-catalyzed system on Orange-G degradation
XIONG Zhi-chao, ZHANG Chuan-bo, LIU Ya-qian, DENG Pei, FENG Fei, SHAO Li, CHEN Jian-xin
In this study, Orange-G, polymeric ferric silicate (PSF) and rosmarinic acid were selected as modal pollutant, catalyst and enhanced agent, respectively. The enhancement mechanism of rosmarinic acid on Orange-G degradation in heterogeneous UV-Fenton system with PSF as catalyst was discussed, the effect of rosmarinic acid on the degradation pathway of Orange-G was studied and the ecotoxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated. The results showed that rosmarinic acid could effectively promote the leaching of iron and ferrous ions from catalyst through the reduction and complexation process. When 0.05mmol/L rosmarinic acid was introduced in heterogeneous UV-Fenton system, the degradation of Orange-G could be significantly promoted. Under this condition, the degradation rate of Orange-G could increase to 88.5% within 1min and near 100% within 15min respectively. When the intermediates continuously degraded, the iron ions could be re-adsorbed on catalyst and the total iron ions concentration decreased from 7.65mg/L to 3.10mg/L, avoiding the loss of iron ions and secondary pollution. Besides, the additional rosmarinic acid couldn't change the degradation pathway of Orange-G, but some more toxic degradation products would be formed during the degradation of Orange-G and rosmarinic acid, the ecotoxicity would be eliminated when all the intermediates were mineralized to oxalic acid.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2286-2295 [Abstract] ( 184 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 887KB] ( 1035 )
2296 Influences of induced crystallization reactor styles on phosphorous recovery from low phosphorous sewage
DENG Quan-qing, NIE Xiao-bao, WAN Jun-li, XIAO Hui-yi, XIAO Da-feng, LIAO Min-fei, LIU Wan-qi
The simulated secondary effluent of domestic sewage plant along with the Hydroxycalcium Phosphate (HAP, as crystal seeds) were used to evaluate the recovery effect of Ca-P crystalline phosphorus in continuous stirred reactor (CSR) and fluidized bed reactor (FBR); and the phosphorus recovery mechanisms were investigated with SEM, EDS and XRD techniques in view of the particle size and quantity changes in the crystal products. The results showed that the phosphorus recovery rate of CSR was significantly better than that of FBR when the initial PO43--P concentration was 1mg/L. The recovery efficiency of CSR maintained above 90% within 72h, while that of FBR dropped to less than 50% after 18h. The continuous stirring of CSR inhibited the seed sedimentation effectively and avoided significant reduction in the quantity and surface area of seed particles, thus maintaining the stable operation of the reactor; moreover, it also promoted the fragmentation of crystal nuclei and the growth of broken crystal nuclei, achieved the phosphorus recovery through secondary nucleation, and resulted in further improvement of the phosphorus recovery efficiency. Evidently, the type of a reactor would not change the crystal form of its crystallization products, so that the products of both reactors were still the HAP and its precursors, as well as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP).
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2296-2302 [Abstract] ( 174 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1124KB] ( 806 )
2303 Effects of various ratios of calcium and magnesium ions on microorganisms during anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate
HUANG Jian, WANG Zhan-peng, ZHANG Hua, XI Shan-shan, CAO Xue-feng, HE Chun-hua, LUO Tao
During the treatment of landfill leachate, the calcium and magnesium ions were selected to evaluate effects of the mixed metal ions on microorganisms. Three ratios of calcium and magnesium ions (L1, L2 and L3) were designed with the direct equipartition ray method. The high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze effects of these ratios on microorganisms. The results show that the microbial abundance varied with the ratio of calcium ion and magnesium ions. And there were different correlations between environmental factors and microorganisms as well as interactions among microorganisms. However, compared to other two rations, the ratio L2 had smaller effect on microorganisms, and the correlations was weaker between environmental factors and microorganisms. Moreover, there were negative correlations among microorganisms. The competition among microorganisms may have positive effects on microbial system, and the microorganisms with low abundance may also have strong interactions with other microorganisms.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2303-2309 [Abstract] ( 225 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2638KB] ( 952 )
2310 Research progress in the effect of chlorination disinfection on the photochemical activity of dissolved organic matter
JIANG He-jing, LIU Hui, ZHANG Yu-ting, ZHU Shuang, GONG Fu-qiang, SUN Bing, ZHU Xiao-mei
Chlorination disinfection process is widely used for water treatment, which changes the structure composition and photochemical activity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water, thus significantly affecting the photochemical degradation of coexisting organic pollutants in receiving water after being discharged into surface water. This paper focused on the environmental photochemical behavior of DOM after disinfection, systematically summarized the effects of chlorination disinfection process on the molecular weight, material composition, functional groups and other structural characteristics of DOM in different water bodies. The change trend of quantum yield and steady-state concentration of photoactive substances was also analyzed, and the mechanism of DOM's influence on photochemical degradation of coexisting organic pollutants after disinfection was expounded. The results can provide scientific reference for comprehensively understanding and evaluating the ecological impact of disinfection process.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2310-2318 [Abstract] ( 254 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 429KB] ( 1794 )
2319 Prediction of adsorption performance of MOFs for heavy metals in water based on machine learning
JIANG Ming-xing, WANG Si-tan, XU Duan-ping
In order to accurately predict the adsorption performance of MOFs on heavy metals in water, the structural and compositional features of MOFs as well as their experimental parameters for adsorption of heavy metals were extracted to build a dataset, which were collected from the experimental results of 48 published papers. Six regression models were trained and evaluated, including SVR, KNN, AdaBoost, GBDT, RF and Bagging. The results showed that the tree-based ensemble learning models exhibited excellent prediction performance. Especially, the GBDT was determined as the optimal algorithm. With the further application of the model, it is demonstrated that the machine learning method can accurately predict the adsorption performance of MOFs for heavy metals in water. The feature importance ranking (FIR) and partial dependence plots (PDP) analyses revealed that, besides the controllable experimental parameters, the pore size, specific surface area and pore volume of MOFs were the key factors affecting the adsorption capacity. The method in this study not only predicts the structure-performance relationships, but also simulates the removal of heavy metals in water based on effective experimental parameters, which could provide guidance for screening and optimization of adsorbent materials.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2319-2327 [Abstract] ( 285 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1183KB] ( 1587 )
2328 Effect of climatic variables and design parameters on nitrate removal of bioretention system
WU Qiong, TANG Ying-hui, CHEN Yao, LIU Zhen, LI Yun-qing, YUAN Shao-chun
Bioretention technology is one of the main Low Impact Development (LID) measures during Sponge City construction. This technology has dual effects on pollutant control and runoff reduction. However, its removal performance for nitrate (NO3--N) is usually poor. To identify the main factors affecting the performance of the technology in NO3--N removal, research data from the International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database (BMPDB) and related literatures were conducted to evaluate the effects of climatic variables and design parameters on nitrate removal in bioretention system. The relative importance of various influencing factors was quantitatively examined in conjunction with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. Finally, recommendations for optimization the design of bioretention system under various climate types was proposed. Results showed that the removal ability ranking of NO3--N in the bioretention system under different climate types was in the following order:Humid Subtropical climate (Cfa) > Warm/Temperate Continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) > Temperate Mediterranean climate (Csb) > Cold Semi- arid climate (BSk), and the median log removal rate (LRV) was -0.058, -0.212, -0.241 and -0.327, respectively. Measures such as establishing internal water storage (IWS), increasing plant diversity, setting a reasonable service area ratio and adding media modifications can improve the NO3--N removal rates. PLS analysis demonstrated that the climatic variables were more likely to affect the removal of nitrate in bioretention system than the design parameters, in which the index of variable importance (IVI) of all climatic factors excluding rainfall duration and rainfall intensity were in the range of 1.037-1.158. The removal ability of NO3--N from the bioretention system under different climate types can be improved by optimizing functional plants, prolonging retention time, setting/canceling IWS and (or) mulch layer.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2328-2340 [Abstract] ( 172 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1212KB] ( 970 )
2341 Nitrogen-doped carbon supported cobalt oxide clusters for peroxymonosulfate activation
LI Wen-xuan, ZHANG Pei-qin, SUN Jian-fu, LIU Dan, WU Xi-lin, CHEN Jian-rong
By using natural cuttlebone as the template, cobalt oxide cluster supported on nitrogen-doped carbon (CoO-CN) were synthesized and applied for degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The results indicate that the NOR can be effectively degraded by CoO-CN via PMS activation over a wide pH range (pH 3.0~11.0) with the NOR removal percentages all greater than 95%. After five recycling tests, the NOR degradation percentages still retained by 91.8% in the CoO-CN/PMS system. These results demonstrated that the CoO-CN possessed excellent catalytic performance and reusability, which is promising for practical applications in wastewater treatment. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) manifested that the CoO-CN/PMS system involved in two pathways, that are the radical and non-radical pathways, and produced three kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including sulfate radical (SO4·-), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2), for the oxidative degradation of NOR. As compared with pure CN, extra Co active sites can be provided by the CoO-CN, thereby significant enhancing the catalytic performance for PMS activation. In addition, the simple synthetic method and low-cost of CoO-CN endowed it with broad application prospect for organic wastewater treatment.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2341-2346 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1406KB] ( 1860 )
2347 Spatial distribution, spectral characteristics and sources of sedimentary dissolved organic matter in the urban section of the Bahe River in dry season
YANG Yi, DONG Cheng-xuan, WANG Ping-ping, HE Yan-xin, HOU Yan-hui
The composition distribution, spectral characteristics and sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sediments in the urban section of Bahe River in the dry season were investigated using ultraviolet spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with PARAFAC. The results show that the concentrations of CDOM and DOM in the sediments in the study area during the dry season were 2.76~11.05m-1 and 0.09~0.34mg/g, respectively, and decreased with an increase in sampling depth; and the components of DOM included three types of humus-like and two types of proteinoids. The Fn280 value at each point was higher than Fn355 value, indicating its composition was mainly proteinoids. The E2/E3, E3/E4, HIX, FI, BIX, and SR values of DOM were 2.53~4.90, 3.14~4.15, 1.31~3.48, 1.74~2.35, 0.73~1.77, and 0.92~1.47, respectively. The molecular weight of DOM in the downstream was greater than that in the upstream. DOM mainly came from the endogenous products of biological or bacterial activities, and the humus substances was mainly fulvic acid. And the fluorescence intensities of two types of humus-like at 265/448nm and 250/448nm were significantly correlated (r=0.951, P<0.01). HIX was negatively correlated with E3/E4 and BIX, respectively (r=-0.663, P<0.01 and r=-0.514, P<0.05), and BIX was positively correlated with E3/E4 and the fluorescence intensity of proteinoids, respectively (r=0.668 and 0.769, P< 0.01). The DOM with more endogenous inputs contained more proteinoids but its humification was weaker. Obviously, the DOM in the sediments in the urban section of the Bahe River in the dry season came mainly from endogenous sources, was proteinoids-dominated and had a low degree of humification, which could provide reference for the formulation of river governance measures.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2347-2353 [Abstract] ( 326 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1096KB] ( 2276 )
2354 Temporal and spatial variations of sedimentary nitrogen forms in the Lancang River and Nu River
WANG Cong-feng, LIU Yi, WU Fan, GUO Xiao-juan, ZHAO Ping, YANG Zheng-jian, LIU De-fu
In order to investigate the effects of cascade reservoirs on the temporal and spatial distributions of nitrogen forms along rivers, the sediment samples along Lancang River and Nu River were collected and analyzed during dry and flood seasons, respectively. The sedimentary nitrogen forms, including ion-exchangeable nitrogen (IEF-N), weak-acid leachable nitrogen (WAEF-N), strong alkaline extractable nitrogen (SAEF-N), and strong oxidant extractable nitrogen (SOEF-N), were measured with fractional continuous leaching separation method. The results showed that the content of transformable nitrogen (TTN) in free-flowing reaches of these two rivers was slightly lower than that in the reservoirs, ranging from 512.2 to 1548.5mg/L, and the distribution patterns of four types of transformable nitrogen were basically the same in the same season, following the order of SOEF-N > WAEF-N > SAEF-N > IEF-N in the dry season, and their content ranges were 486.6~1424.8, 3.3~83. 1,1.4~88.8 and 1.2~10.7mg/kg, respectively; but the order changed to WAEF-N > SOEF-N > SAEF-N > IEF-N in flood season, and the content ranges were 360.7~755.7, 42.8~656.2, 6.8~394.3 and 35.8~153.6mg/kg, respectively. And the cascade reservoirs operation might inhibit the release of WAEF-N due to the enrichment of organic matter and the reduction of particle size. As SOEF-N was mainly contained in fine particles, the sediments with smaller grain sizes might inhibit the mineralization of sediments and result in an accumulation of organic nitrogen. Due to the accumulation of organic matter in reservoirs, the content of IEF-N increased gradually. Moreover, in the free-flowing reaches, the surface sediments were basically in oxidation state, and SAEF-N was easier to release from the sediments; while in the reservoirs where the sediments were in weak reduction or reduction state, the SAEF-N was contained and accumulated in sediments.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2354-2363 [Abstract] ( 273 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1244KB] ( 1170 )
2364 Effects of temperature changes at high altitude on phosphorus removal and related metabolic pathways in activated sludge
WANG Jun, GUO Ming-zhe, YOU Jun-hao, ZONG Yong-chen, FU Chun-hui, ZHANG Dong-yan
The A2O process in highland habitats was used in this paper to investigate the phosphorus removal performance of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactors under different temperature conditions, including the response of dominant polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) and related metabolic pathways to temperature changes. The results show that the best phosphorus removal performance (82.99%~88.39%) was achieved at 20℃, but lower than that of the same process in the plains; and GAOs did not have competitive advantage and did not increase with an increase in temperature. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter (PAO), Dechloromonas and Hydrogenophaga (denitrifying PAOs) was higher in the anoxic reactor under the environmental conditions of sludge swelling at 10℃ and unfavorable growth of PAOs at 25℃, which could be attributed to the improvement of phosphorus removal in the anoxic reactor. In addition, glycolysis (EMP) was identified as the main pathway of glucose metabolism. Evidently, the main synthetic pathway of polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) was Propionyl-CoA; and the ATP required for both anaerobic and aerobic reactors came mainly from the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) pathway.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2364-2372 [Abstract] ( 221 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1640KB] ( 1189 )
Solid Waste
2373 Biogas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation by mixing chicken manure with crop straw
CHEN Guang-yin, ZHENG Jia-wei, CAO Hai-nan, WANG En-hui, WU Pei
In order to evaluate effects of anaerobic fermentation on biogas production of crop straw, four different levels of wheat straw and their mixtures with chicken manure were generated to make anaerobic fermentation; then, the gas production, pH value, EC, TVFAs, NH4+-N, and alkalinity contents of the digestive juice were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that the biogas yields of wheat straw fermented alone were low, and the indicators of digestive juice in the mono-fermentation of different forms of wheat straw tended to be highly similar. In general, the values of indicators of the raw wheat straw were higher than those of the fermented wheat straw. The indicators' values of the extruded wheat straw were higher than those of the unextruded wheat straw. In addition, the biogas yield, the pH value, EC, and the TVFAs, NH4+-N, and alkalinity contents of chicken manure were much higher than those of all wheat straw fermented treatments alone. The biogas production rate and gas peak of wheat straw were improved by fermenting with chicken manure, while the peak occurrence time and the time to reach 80% of the total biogas production were also shorten. However, not all forms of wheat straw were available to the fermentation with chicken manure to improve the biogas production of wheat straw. After deducting the biogas production of chicken manure, the TS biogas yields of the fermentation treatments of chicken manure with raw wheat straw, extruded wheat straw, fermented wheat straw, and extruded fermented wheat straw increased by -12.19%, 10.54%, 13.01%, and -12.21%, respectively, compared with the corresponding wheat straw fermented alone. There were no significant differences in indicators' values between treatments (P>0.05). The values of those indicators in fermentation treatments were in between those of the treatments of chicken manure and wheat straw fermented alone. The changes in biogas production and each index were more moderate, and the anaerobic fermentation process was more stable. Therefore, a higher gas yield can be obtained by mixing chicken manure with extruded straw or primarily fermented wheat straw.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2373-2380 [Abstract] ( 192 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 701KB] ( 1217 )
2381 Anaerobic digestion of food waste enhanced by different wheat straw biochars
SHANG Ze-zhou, SHENG Chen-jing, WANG Rui, ZHANG Xi-yi, SONG Jing-hui, WANG Xiao-jiao, YANG Gai-he, FENG Yong-zhong, REN Guang-xin, HAN Xin-hui, REN Cheng-jie, WANG Xing
In this study, different types of wheat straw biochars (WBC) were prepared from wheat straw (WS) at different pyrolysis temperatures and KOH modified concentrations to clarify the effects of biochar preparation conditions on its properties and anaerobic digestion. It was observed that a lower pyrolysis temperature could protect the functional groups on the surface of WBC, while a higher pyrolysis temperature could increase the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size of WBC. KOH modification can introduce -OH to the surface of WBC and affect the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size of WBC to some extent. The WBCs were added to the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion (KWAD) system, and all WBCs were found to increase the total biogas production of KWAD, of which both WS650 and WS450-2 had the most significant promotion effect, increasing the total biogas production by 32.82% and 30.01%, respectively, compared with CK. In view of key enzyme activities, the coenzyme F420 and dehydrogenase activities of WS450-2 were found to be greatly enhanced, which may be related to the abundance of its functional groups on the surface. And the WS450-2 showed a greater advantage in enriching Firmicutes and suppressing unrelated bacteria, while WS650 in enriching Methanosarcina and suppressing unrelated archaea. Finally, there was the correlation of both the preparation process and characterization indexes of WBC with the KWAD biogas production kinetic parameters, process parameters, enzyme activity, and microbial abundance. That the KOH modified WBC could affect biogas production by adjusting volatile fatty acids and pH; and its larger pore volume and specific surface area could better enrich Firmicutes, while the high-temperature pyrolysis of WBC could better enrich Methanosarcina.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2381-2392 [Abstract] ( 263 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2560KB] ( 1061 )
2393 Effects of intermittent aeration on the electron transfer capacity of humic substances in aerobic composting of sewage sludge
MO Jin-tao, LI Jun, LU Yi-ming, ZHANG Jun, XI Bei-dou
Two aeration strategies (continuous ventilation, intermittent ventilation) were used for sewage-sludge composting to investigate temporal changes in spectrum features and iron-reducing capability of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) during the composting process. The results showed that, compared with continuous ventilation, the intermittent ventilation enhanced the electron transfer capacity (ETC) of humic substances by promoting the decomposition of proteinoid component and the formation of humic- like components. After intermittent-aeration composting, the NRC and CRC increased for FA by 194.33 and 127.97μmol e-/(g C), respectively, and for HA by 168.26 and 203.81μmol e-/(g C), respectively. The PCA and correlation analysis demonstrate that C3 and C4 were the key factors controlling the ETC of FA, while SUVA254 and SUVA280 were the key factors determining the ETC of HA.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2393-2403 [Abstract] ( 223 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1449KB] ( 1016 )
Soil Pollution Control
2404 Optimization of the separation and detection method for microplastics from mulch film in agricultural soils
BAI Run-hao, CUI Ji-xiao, FAN Rui-qi, LI Zhen, YANG Yang, LIU Hong-jin, HE Wen-qing
An ultrasonic treatment was proposed to replace digestion to separate microplastics from mulch filmed soil samples in this study, and then, the microplastic indexes of the samples were quantified. The results showed that the surface impurities of microplastics derived from mulch film could be effectively removed to meet the quantitative requirements by using ultrasonic treatment at 40kHz and 30min. The original surface morphology and chemical properties of the microplastics could be retained to a greater extent using ultrasonic treatment which avoided complicated pipetting and standing operations. This method had no secondary breakage risk for microplastics and led to a final recovery rate of 92.9%. By optimizing the separation and detection method, the total reagent cost of single separation was reduced by more than 80%, and the separation time was shortened by more than 12hours. Obviously, the optimized separation approach proposed in this study would provide a solution to rapidly and accurately evaluating the abundance of microplastics from mulch filmed soils.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2404-2412 [Abstract] ( 286 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1121KB] ( 2136 )
2413 Effects of natural organic acids on cadmium uptake by Sedum plumbizincicola from the soil
LI Kan-qi, WU Jia-ling, CHEN Zhe, LI Mao-lin, ZHOU Hong-yan
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of low, medium and high doses of natural organic acids (malic acid and citric acid) using hole or spray application on the remediation of slightly acidic Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil and the Cd accumulation in shoots of Sedum plumbizincicola, Then the best application pattern of natural organic acid was determined. Results showed that compared with the control, the hole/spray application of natural organic acid for 0~30d significantly reduced the soil pH value and increased available Cd concentrations in soil. The shoot biomass and Cd concentration in shoot of S. plumbizincicola were significantly increased after 60d. Spray application of low concentration citric acid is proved to be the best pattern. Compared with the control, the soil pH value decreased by 0.32 units and soil available Cd increased by 29.4% after 10d. After 60d, the shoot biomass of S. plumbizincicola increased by 38.6%, the shoot Cd content increased by 30.7%, and the shoot Cd extraction increased by 81.7%. The results showed that both malic acid and citric acid using hole/spray application were effective methods to assist S. plumbizincicola in the remediation of acidic Cd contaminated farmland soil, and the optimal application pattern was 75kg citric acid sprayed per hectare.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2413-2422 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1134KB] ( 933 )
2423 Effects of cadmium stress on the growth and cadmium remediation of Kochia scoparia (L.) in two kinds of acid soils
YANG Hai-jun, Guo Jia-yuan, TAN Ju, TAN Lu, ZHU Shu, WU Liang, ZHANG Hao, NIU Hong-yu, WANG Fan
To solve the serious pollution of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in acidic farmland soils in southern China, the soils under initial Cd stress (with concentrations of 1.253, 1.553, 2.153, 2.753, 4.253, 10.253mg/kg) and pH 6.10 (T treatment group) and pH 5.00 (TS treatment group) were used as potting soils, and Kochia scoparia (L.) was selected as restoration plant to study the tolerance of Kochia scoparia (L.) in Cd contaminated soils and the effect of initial soil pH and Cd concentration on the ability of Kochia scoparia (L.) extracting Cd from the soils through greenhouse pot experiments. The results showed that in all treatment groups, the biomass of mature Kochia scoparia (L.) stems was higher than that of the roots. The available Cd content in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of T treatment group was higher than that of TS treatment group. The Cd content in the stems of Kochia scoparia (L.) was higher than that in the roots, and the bioconcentration coefficient of Kochia scoparia (L.) roots and stems were all greater than 1. The Cd content in soils before and after planting was compared and analyzed, and the results showed that the Cd removal rates per pot of Kochia scoparia (L.) were 0.84%~1.85% and 0.94%~2.38% in T and TS treatments, respectively, indicating that Kochia scoparia (L.) can better remediate Cd pollution in acid soils. In the T treatment group, the removal rate reached the highest of (0.62±0.16)% when the Cd concentration in soils was 2.753mg/kg, while in the TS treatment group, the removal rate of Cd was the highest of (0.79±0.07)% when the Cd concentration in soils was 1.253mg/kg. The results showed that Kochia scoparia (L.) has a good effect to extract and remediate Cd pollution of acid soils in farmland, and it is an ideal restoration plant.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2423-2433 [Abstract] ( 197 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 726KB] ( 2394 )
2434 Iron-modified bentonite activated urea peroxide degrades trichloroethylene
MA Li-juan, LINGHU Shan-shan, PAN Tao, ZHAO Tao, LIU Bang-guo, CHEN Xiu-rong
Iron modified bentonite (FBT) was synthesized impregnation method and FBT activated urea peroxide (UHP) to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE). The optimal application method and mass ratio of FBT and UHP were optimized, and the effect of temperature on the degradation effect was analyzed. The FBT was characterized by XPS, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The main active substances were identified using electron paramagnetic resonance. Combined with the identification of intermediates by GC-MS, the possible reaction path was speculated. According to the results, TCE degradation was best when dried FBT particles were mixed with saturated urea peroxide solution. The optimal mass ratio for FBT and UHP is 1:1. After 24 hours, the residual percentage of TCE in the FBT/UHP system was about 7.4%, which was nearly 40% lower than in the BT/UHP system. As the main active substance, hydroxyl radical (·OH) contributed 88.6% to TCE degradation. Three intermediate products were identified:CH2Cl2, NH2CHO, (NH2)2CO, and one final product of oxidation, CO2.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2434-2439 [Abstract] ( 219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1453KB] ( 841 )
Environmental Ecology
2440 Bioaccumulation characteristics of perfluorocarboxylic alkyl compounds by ferns
LU Hong-ying, QIAN Shen-hua, ZHI Yue, LI Zheng-wei, YAN Zheng, LI Hao-ran, LU Xin-yi
In this paper, greenhouse exposure experiments with five fern species were conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation characteristics of representative perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) in plants. Specifically, the concentration, mass distribution, and bioaccumulation coefficient of PFCA in plant tissues were explored. Our results showed significant bioaccumulation of five PFCA in ferns, with an average bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of shoot ranging from 4.6~12.9, and an average BCF of root ranging from 1.2~6.1. Among the species tested, Cyrtomium caryotideum (Cc) exhibited the highest bioaccumulation potential for PFCA, with an individual plant being capable of uptaking 60μg of ΣPFCA. The BCF of the shoot Cc can reach up to 25.7 (for PFPeA), while the BCF of the root can reach up to 12.3 (for PFOA). Cyrtomium caryotideum is a promising species for phytoremediation of PFAS-contaminated sites due to its adaptability, fast growth, and large biomass. We also found that short-chain PFCA, such as perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA, C3), are more likely to transfer upwards and accumulate in plant stems and leaves, while long-chain substances, such as PFOA (C7), are more likely to retain in roots.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2440-2449 [Abstract] ( 281 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 996KB] ( 1516 )
2450 Quantitative inversion of water quality in Lake Chagan using Sentinel-3OLCI imagery
CHEN Fang-fang, WANG Qiang, SONG Kai-shan, LI Si-jia, XU Shi-qi, YANG Qian
Eighty-seven samples were collected from Lake Chagan during 2020~2021. And Sentinel-3OLCI (The Ocean and Land Color Imager, OLCI) imagery was acquired and corrected by Acolite atmospheric processor. Considering the remote sensing reflectance at 412~885nm, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, empirical algorithm and semi-analytical algorithm were used to develop algorithms for water quality assessment. Because of its best performance, SVM was further used to acquire the tempo-spatial variations in water qualities (as well as precipitation and wind speed) between 2017 and 2021. The results showed that:(1) there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.93, P<0.01) between TSM and Turb, and significant negative correlations (r=0.71 and 0.73, P<0.01) between them with transparency, respectively; (2) the R2 of model performances for the TSM, Turb, SDD and Chl-a were 0.85, 0.91, 0.93, 0.85, respectively, with low RMSEs (8.75g/mL, 10.95FNU, 2.11cm and 3.64mg/L) and MAEs (5.99g/mL, 6.86FNU, 1.04cm and 2.19mg/L, respectively); (3) the interannual distribution characteristics of water quality parameters in Lake Chagan showed a dynamic decreasing trend, with TSM and Turb peaks in 2020, there was 1.4-fold increase in TSM and Turb concentrations after typhoon transit (September 2020); (4) the wind speed had an essential effect on the TSM and Turb (R2=0.79 and 0.45, P<0.01). Our results imply that an understanding of the tempo-spatial variabilities of typical water qualities in Lake Chagan by means of a long-term remotely sensed monitoring can provide feasible suggestions for the ecological protection of the regional water environment management.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2450-2459 [Abstract] ( 362 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3455KB] ( 1060 )
2460 Characterization and source identification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface sediments of Pearl River Estuary and adjacent waters
HUANG Jin-qiong, ZHANG Man-wen, WANG Xiong, ZHOU Chang-feng, LIAO Hai-ting, QING Xian, FU Jian-ping, WU Ming-liang, CHEN Ming-jie, ZHANG Su-kun
Twenty-seven surface marine sediments were collected from Pearl River Estuary and adjacent waters in 2020 to evaluate the distribution characteristics and potential sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Thirty-seven PCB congeners and 10PCBs homologues including mono- to deca-PCBs were analyzed with isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS. The results show that:(1) the Σ37PCBs concentrations in the study area ranged from 0.024 to 5.11ng/g, with at least one target PCBs congeners being detected in the sediment, and was lower than that in near-shore coastal waters around the world; (2) the PCBs concentrations were higher in Zhuhai coastal waters and Humen outlet than in other study areas, particularly higher in the offshore areas, implying that they likely originated from land-based pollution sources; (3) PCB-11was the dominant compound observed in the surface sediments, with the highest detection frequency and a higher concentration than that of Σmarker PCBs; and (4) the traditional PCBs products were the main contributors to PCBs contamination only in the west coast of Shenzhen while the production and usage of diarylide yellow pigments could be the potential source of PCBs contamination in other study sites. Obviously, the contribution of marker-PCBs was limited to PCBs contamination in the PRD. Therefore, more attentions are required to control the contamination of non-Aroclor PCBs (such as PCB-11) to help regulate emerging contamintion in coastal marine environment of China.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2460-2469 [Abstract] ( 290 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2846KB] ( 958 )
2470 Tempo-spatial variations and influencing factors of dimethyl sulfide in the East China Sea
LI Si-yu, SUN Qun, YAO Jie, ZHAO Liang
Based on the established DMS generalized additive mix model (GAMM), the field data from the East China Sea (ECS), satellite remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), and local modified chlorophyll a (Chl-a) v5.0 (LMC v5.0) data were used to obtain the surface dimethyl sulfide (DMS) data set for the period from 1998 to 2020, and the tempo-spatial variations and influencing factors of surface water DMS were evaluated. The results show that the annual average DMS concentration in the surface water of the ECS was 2.67nmol/L, being low in offshore areas and high in nearshore areas. And there were significant seasonal variations in DMS concentration, being higher in spring and summer and lower in autumn and winter. Based on the 23-year data, the interannual DMS concentrations in the ECS surface water exhibited obvious spatial variations, rising first and then decreasing, particularly more significant in the nearshore areas than in the offshore ones. The difference in the spatial distribution of DMS concentration was mainly affected by Chl-a in spring and summer and by the synergistic effect of Chl-a and SST in autumn and winter. Chl-a was the main factor affecting the interannual variations of DMS in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters, and SST was the main factor affecting its interannual variations along the northern coastal area of Jiangsu Province. Nutrient salts imported from rivers could be an influencing factor for DMS in the Changjiang River Estuary. The spring (winter) sea surface wind speeds and the interannual DMS variations in the Changjiang River Estuary had similar (opposite) characteristics.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2470-2479 [Abstract] ( 251 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2539KB] ( 654 )
2480 Effect of microplastics on the release of typical environmental factors during ice melt and the mechanism of action
WANG Zhi-chao, DOU Ya-jiao, KANG Yan-qiu, YANG Wen-huan, JING Shuang-yi, LI Wei-ping
In order to explore the influence of microplastics on the release rule of typical pollution factors in Daihai during ice melting, indoor simulation method was adopted to explore the release rule of each typical pollution factor during ice melting by setting different freezing conditions (ice body thickness, initial temperature and mode, initial concentration), and the release ratio (E) was used to characterize the release ability of pollution factors during ice melting. The results showed that the occurrence of microplastics and the change of initial conditions can affect the distribution law of pollution factors, and thus affect the initial release amount of pollution factors in the melting process, but cannot change the release law of large initial release of pollution factors, and then a small amount of uniform release of pollution factors. Under the same initial conditions, the occurrence of microplastics increases the release amount of pollution factors at the initial stage of ice melting, and decreases the melt proportion E by 2.59%~5.02%. This indicated that microplastics not only carry some pollution factors into the ice body during freeze-thaw process, but also play a lag role in the release of pollution factors during ice melting process. In addition, the effect of microplastics on the release of pollution factors during the melting process could be explained from two aspects:the microstructure of ice body and the melting mechanism of ice body.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2480-2488 [Abstract] ( 199 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2101KB] ( 648 )
2489 Analysis of the nonlinear relationship between karst vegetation cover and driving factors based on GAM
HUANG Qi, PENG Li, LI Sai-nan, HUANG Zi-yan, DENG Wei
This study explored the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of vegetation cover, using Theil-Sen slope estimation with the Mann-Kendall (MK) significance test for determining the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) of five Southwestern provinces in China from 2000~2018. The MK mutation test was used to determine the mutation time points of NDVI and nighttime light data. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to fit the response curve of vegetation cover with socio-economic and natural driving factors, and the difference in the nonlinear response relationship between karst and non-karst areas was studied. The results showed that the overall effect of vegetation restoration in the Central and Eastern areas of the study was greater than that in the Western areas. Night light data were used as proxy variables to characterize urbanization. The results showed that both urbanization and vegetation cover underwent abrupt changes between 2009 and 2010, with the abrupt change in urbanization occurring earlier than that in vegetation cover. There was an 88.54% increase in vegetation index in karst regions, with a 48.15% significant increase. In non-karst regions, 80.08% of the vegetation cover increased, with 32.34% of a considerable increase. Generally, vegetation restoration in karst regions is better than in non-karst regions. There were different nonlinear responses between the vegetation index and human influencing factors such as gross domestic product, road network density, and built-up areas. Overall, non-karst regions are more affected by temperature than karst regions. However, precipitation and soil thickness exert a slightly more significant impact on vegetation restoration in karst regions than in non-karst regions. The comparative evaluation of vegetation restoration effects in karst and non-karst regions and exploration of the nonlinear relationships of the leading causes behind vegetation cover changes exert an influential impact on ecological restoration planning.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2489-2496 [Abstract] ( 186 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1917KB] ( 1240 )
2497 Degradation mechanisms of perfluorooctanoic acid by FeCu@NBC bimetallic composite system
KONG Yi-fan, TANG Zheng, CHEN Xiao-qian, LIU Min, SHEN Lu, QIN Yan, GAO Pin
The nitrogen-doped biochar-supported Fe and Cu bimetallic composite (FeCu@NBC) was synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis, and its catalytic degradation efficiency and influencing factors on PFOA were investigated. Then, the degradation mechanisms and potential pathways of PFOA were analyzed by free radical detection and quenching experiments, as well as the time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results show that Fe and Cu on the surface of FeCu@NBC mainly existed in the form of zero-valent single element, which could achieve a favorable removal performance of PFOA under a neutral condition. As its dosage was 1g/L and the initial PFOA concentration was 100mg/L, the removal efficiency of PFOA reached 92.1% within 6h of reaction, which was significantly higher than that of Fe@NBC (28.5%) and Cu@NBC (66.8%), indicating that the synergistic effect of Fe0 and Cu0 can enhance PFOA decomposition. The free radical quenching experiments and ESR measurements suggest that the free electron (e-) was the main factor affecting the decomposition of PFOA. Furthermore, the results of TOF-MS and DFT calculation show that the potential degradation pathway of PFOA followed firstly decarboxylation to generate unstable C7F15·, then hydrolysis to gradually generate short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid, and finally achieved the effective decomposition of PFOA.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2497-2507 [Abstract] ( 184 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2100KB] ( 794 )
2508 Effects of Three Gorges Reservoir operation on tempo-spatial distribution of dissolved methane in Xiangxi Reservoir Bay
LIU Jia, HU Jie-ming, ZHENG Xiang-wang, KANG Man-chun, MENG Jiang-huai, XIAO Shang-bin
This study took Xiangxi Reservoir Bay, a typical tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir, as an example to evaluate impacts of Three Gorges dam operations on spatiotemporal variations of dissolved CH4concentration during the drainage and impoundment periods. Results show that the dissolved CH4concentrations were (0.41±0.54) and (0.50±0.66) μmol/Lin drainage and impoundment period, respectively, with a large spatiotemporal variation-higher concentrations in the upstream than in the downstream. The dam operation regulated how the mainstream water went to the reservoir bay through the hyperpycnal flow, which could alter the stratification of the water body and thus affect the spatiotemporal variability of dissolved CH4. At the same time, the dilution of the mainstream water would also directly reduce the dissolved CH4 concentration in the reservoir bay due to its lower dissolved CH4 concentration. In addition, the dam operation would have an indirect impact on the CH4 production and consumption in the reservoir bay, and the underlying mechanisms still need to be further explored.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2508-2518 [Abstract] ( 182 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2006KB] ( 1338 )
2519 Ecological effects of production-living-ecological space transformation at multi-scales:A case study on the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin
LIU Jin-hua, CONG Zhong-xiao, WANG Zhi-jun
The classification system of production, living, and ecological spaces was constructed based on the land use data in four years of 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 in the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin. The transformation matrix method, eco-environmental quality index, and ecological contribution rate were adopted to study the spatial and temporal patterns of production-living-ecological space transformation and its multi-scale effects. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2015, the main land use transformation in the study area chiefly manifested an areal decrease in ecological protection land and agricultural production by 296879.56 and 165978.6hm2,respectively, corresponding to an areal increase in industrial production and living lands by 139285.99 and 323572.17hm2, respectively. The areas with the most obvious eco-environmental effects were concentrated in the coastal areas of Binzhou, Dongying, and the Nansihu Lake area of Jining. The conversions between grasslands, water body, croplands, industrial lands, and other lands were more frequent than others, accounting for 11.99% of the total area. of all 9 cities Jinan, Tai'an, and Jining had the highest ecological contribution rate. During the three stages (i.e., 2000~2005, 2006~2010, and 2011~2015), the ecological contribution rate was 0.0085, -0.0971 and -0.0082, respectively; in Jinan City, 0.0379, -0.0967 and -0.0109, respectively, in Tai'an city, and 0.0466, -0.0845 and -0.0158, respectively, in Tai'an city. The conversion of grassland land to agricultural production was mainly responsible for the negative eco-environmental effects and made the contribution rates of 55.09%, 22.87% and 15.31% in the three stages, respectively; and the increase in the water body area was the primary reason of the positive eco-environmental effects, whose contribution rate was 79.56%, 60.31% and 30.92% for the three stages, respectively.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2519-2530 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 4020KB] ( 1381 )
2531 Evaluation of development and utilization intensity of uninhabited islands and geographical influencing factors in Fuzhou
WU Yi-biao, FU Shi-feng, WU Hai-yan, CHEN Feng-gui, CAI Xiao-qiong, YU Wei-wei, WU Jian, Pan Xiang
This study proposed an approach to evaluating the development and utilization intensity of uninhabited islands at the regional scale by taking the uninhabited islands in Fuzhou as an example along with the spatial analysis and the geographical detector. The results showed that the overall development and utilization intensity of uninhabited islands in Fuzhou is not high, and the hot spots of island development and utilization are mainly concentrated in the south of Luoyuan Bay, the west of Haitan Strait, and the Gaoshan Bay area. The physical geographical factors based on scale-morphology-location have obvious effects on the spatial differentiation of island development and utilization intensity, and the main influencing factors are fractal dimension, the highest elevation/area, and the island area, among which there are obvious thresholds for island area, the highest elevation/area, and the distance offshore. Islands with an area greater than 10000m2, an undulation less than 0.005, and a distance offshore of less than 2000m have a greater potential for development and utilization. The interactions among these factors can be depicted as double-factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement; and the interaction of any two influencing factors, especially the joint effect of island morphology factors, has a greater impact on the spatial differentiation pattern of island development and utilization intensity.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2531-2541 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1965KB] ( 929 )
2542 Characteristics of carbon storage and its influencing factors in waters of East Dongting Lake in different periods
WANG Li-jing, ZHU Yi-fan, TIAN Ze-bin, JI Dao-bin, YANG Zhong-yong, LI Ying-jie, LIU Jia, MENG Jiang-huai
The acid-base balance of the water body, Henry's law and indoor experiments, the carbon content of each water body along with their key environmental factors in East Dongting Lake (EDL) were monitored during normal season in April 2022 and flood season in June 2022. The results show that the content magnitude of each carbon component in EDL in different periods was in the order of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) > dissolved organic carbon (DOC) > particulate organic carbon (POC) > particulate inorganic carbon (PIC). The main influencing factors included water level variation, physical and chemical factors of water, inflow of Xiangjiang River and partial pressure of greenhouse gases. The effects of water temperature (Temp), pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) on carbon content varied significantly with sampling season.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2542-2552 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 818KB] ( 1644 )
2553 Release and redistribution of hexabromocyclododecane in sediments under different flow velocities
WANG Rong, HU Yu, GAO Han, WANG Chao, WANG Pei-fang, CHEN Juan
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), a typical halogenated organic pollutant, has been widely detected in river and lake sediments, but how its migration and release behaviors vary with flow velocity still remains unclear. In this paper, five flow velocities were simulated to characterize the release of HBCD from surface sediments and its redistribution in water-sediment systems. The results show that the 0.4m/s was a critical flow velocity of sedimentary resuspension, and the concentration of HBCD in overlying water increased with flow velocity. The processes of HBCD releasing into overlying water under different flow velocities were in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The concentration of HBCD in suspended solid (SS) was not affected by flow velocity changes, which was different from the overlying water. The total amount of HBCD release from the sediment was much higher under high flow velocity than under static water and low flow velocity conditions, being 31.6 times higher under the 0.6m/s than under static water condition. Under different flow velocities, the total amount of HBCD release from sediments were always dominated by the HBCD in SS, and the HBCD in surface sediments was more easily distributed to sediments. Obviously, the flow velocity was the key factor driving the release of HBCD from sediments and its redistribution.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2553-2559 [Abstract] ( 164 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 758KB] ( 877 )
2560 Simulation of the coupling relationships between ecosystem services and human well-being in Chongqing
ZHOU Li-lei, SU Xiang-yuan, XIANG Hong-li, GUAN Dong-jie
Chongqing was picked up as a case to elucidate the coupling relationships between ecosystem services and human well-being. First, we measured the ecosystem service values and human well-being by using the modified ecosystem service value model and the comprehensive human development index method. Then, a system dynamics model of the coupling relationships between ecosystem services and human well-being was constructed. As a result, the ecosystem services values of all districts and counties in Chongqing demonstrated an increasing trend with significant spatial variabilities from 2010 to 2020; meanwhile, the human well-being index was doubled from 0.31 in 2010 to 0.62 in 2020. And the fitting accuracy of the constructed system dynamics model was high, with the absolute error of the historical tests less than 10%, which means that the model is reliable in predicting future scenarios. On the other hand, from 2020 to 2050, the ecosystem services value, human well-being index and GDP per capita in Chongqing tend to increase under all four scenarios, while the total energy consumption tends to increase under the status quo and economic priority scenarios, and a decrease under the ecological priority and balanced and coordinated scenarios. Comparatively, the balanced and coordinated scenario can be an optimal development scenario that meets the needs of both economic development and environmental protection in Chongqing.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2560-2573 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1741KB] ( 2062 )
Carbon Emission Control
2574 LSTM model-based prediction of carbon emissions from China's transportation sector
LIU Chun-sen, QU Jian-sheng, GE Yu-jie, TANG Ji-xing, GAO Xin-yue, LIU Li-na
To further achieve the goal of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in China's transportation sector, eight variables were selected in this study as key factors driving carbon emissions from the transportation sector, including population, motor vehicle ownership and energy intensity. An LSTM carbon emission model was established with the index data from 1990 to 2019 to forecast the carbon emissions under three scenarios of low-carbon, baseline, and high-carbon. It was shown that the carbon emissions from China's transportation sector exhibited an overall upward trend from 1990 to 2019. Under the low-carbon, baseline and high-carbon scenarios, the carbon peaks would be reached in 2033, 2035 and 2038, with the peaks of 1145.64, 1218.68 and 1308.40 million tons, respectively. China should actively adopt energy-saving and carbon-reducing measures, optimize the structure of the transportation sector, and promote the application of clean energy, so as to achieve the low-carbon scenario and the carbon peak targets as soon as possible.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2574-2582 [Abstract] ( 310 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 523KB] ( 3768 )
2583 Carbon trading and enterprise productivity:Evidence from China's petrochemical enterprises
MEI Ying-dan, DENG Ya-rui, MA Ting
The paper uses the Coarsened Exact Matching and Difference-in-Difference methods to examine the effects and mechanisms of China's carbon emission trading on the total factor productivity of petrochemical enterprises, based on the data from China's A-share listed petrochemical enterprises between 2008 to 2020. The estimated results indicate that the carbon emission trading improves the total factor productivity at the announcement stage (2011~2012) while reduces the total factor productivity at trading stage (2013~2020). Secondly, the carbon emission trading increases the financing difficulty for petrochemical enterprises, and fails to stimulate technological innovation, but improves the resource allocation efficiency. Thirdly, the negative impact of the carbon emission trading scheme on the total factor productivity of petrochemical enterprises is short-term, and thus China's carbon market will help to achieve a win-win solution for petrochemical enterprises' economic growth and environmental protection in the long run.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2583-2589 [Abstract] ( 248 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 426KB] ( 1226 )
2590 Can industrial transformation policies promote urban low-carbon transformation?——Evidences from demonstration zones of industrial transformation and updating
FU Kui, ZHANG Jie, LIU Bing-rong
Based on the sample data of 158 cities from 2009 to 2019, the non-radial super-efficiency SBM-DEA model in this paper to calculate the dynamic evaluation index of urban low-carbon transformation, and the double difference model was used to examine the effects and mechanism of industrial transformation policy on low-carbon transition of old industrial cities and resource-based cities. Results suggest that:(1) the total factor carbon productivity of old industrial cities and resource-based cities continued to increase during the sampling period, and the process of low-carbon transformation was accelerated, which, however, was still lower than the national average with obvious regional and type differences; (2) industrial transformation policies significantly promoted the improvement of the urban total factor carbon productivity, and the dynamic policy dividends of low-carbon transformation continued to increase; (3) the industrial transformation policies had a significant effect on the low-carbon governance of resource-based, compound and cluster cities, but a weak effect on old industrial bases and single cities; and (4) the governmental industrial transformation policies mainly promoted urban low-carbon transformation through structural upgrading and green innovation mechanism, but the agglomeration economic mechanism did not emerged in the short term.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2590-2600 [Abstract] ( 247 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 715KB] ( 1214 )
Environmental Toxicology and Health
2601 Testing techniques and assessment systems for endocrine disrupting chemicals
SONG Shi-lin, LI Yuan-yuan, XIONG Yi-ming, LI Jin-bo, QIN Zhan-fen
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a major kind of pollutants that have been highly concerned by the academia and the international community in recent years because of their known and potential hazards to ecological safety and human health. This paper introduces the currently widely recognized methods for testing EDCs, mainly involving the disrupting activities of estrogen, androgen and thyroid pathways. The characteristics and limitations of different levels of methods show that the detection of endocrine disrupting activity and the evaluation of adverse effects cannot be well correlated, which is the technical bottleneck in identifying EDCs. We further review the strategies for testing and assessing EDCs in developed countries such as the European Union and the United States and compare their characteristics and commonalities, from which we discussed the current situation and problems of EDCs research in China and provide some advices on the construction of testing and assessing system of EDCs in China.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2601-2612 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1265KB] ( 2872 )
2613 Toxic effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on Phaeodactylum tricornutum
HAO Meng-ge, SHEN Qiu-cen, ZHANG Jing
The growth, surface morphology, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, antioxidant system and cell cycle of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in different concentrations of EE2 (0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6mg/L) were determined. The results show that EE2 could inhibit the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum at the 96h-EC50 level of 5.32mg/L, suggesting that EE2 had high toxicity to Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Low concentration of EE2≤0.75mg/L promoted the photosystem II (PSII) activity of Phaeodactylum tricornutum; however, its surface morphology was damaged and its photosynthetic pigment content and maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were significantly reduced under EE2 concentration of 6mg/L. Meanwhile, the light limitation slope (α), the maximum electron transfer efficiency (rETRmax), and semi-saturated light intensity (Ik) also decreased. These results indicate that high concentration of EE2 inhibited the photosystem II (PSII) activity of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In addition, the activities of both the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased under the high concentration of EE2, and the cell cycle was arrested in the DNA synthesis phase (S) and division phase (G2/M), demonstrating that a stress response was resulted from the antioxidant system of Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2613-2621 [Abstract] ( 213 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1002KB] ( 1058 )
2622 Behavioral and physiological responses of post-larval Sebastiscus marmoratus to diesel pollution
TIAN Meng-jia, GUO Hao-yu, SHEN Yu-xin, ZHANG Xiao-feng, TIAN Kuo, CHAI Xue-jun, ZHANG Ding-yuan, ZHANG Xiu-mei
Oil pollution is one of the most dominant forms of pollution in China's coastal areas and has a strong toxic effect on the marine fish, whose changes in behavior and physiological features are one of the most apparent manifestations of toxic stress. In this study, the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in the offshore marine area of Zhoushan was investigated to evaluate the effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel oil (DWSF) on the activity, exploratory behavior, and predation ability of Sebastsicus marmoratus, a typical rockfish that inhabits the coastal waters of the East China Sea. Histological changes in gill tissue and enzyme activity related to neurotransmission were also investigated. The results show that the exploratory behavior and activity of post-larval fish first increased and then decreased with an increase in DWSF concentration. It was observed that the fish's behavioral activity was significantly inhibited, and the predation ability was impaired when the concentration of DWSF exceeded the standard of inferior Class-V water quality (DWSF>0.30mg/L). Once the concentration of DWSF reached 0.45mg/L, the gill tissue of the post-larval fish showed noticeable lesions and damage. Meanwhile, the activity of cholinesterase associated with neurotransmission was significantly inhibited, resulting in a high mortality rate. This suggests that marine diesel pollution can trigger apparent anomalous behavior, significantly reduce predation ability, and ultimately increase mortality in post-larval S. marmoratus. The impairment of the nervous and respiratory systems may be one critical reason for abnormal behaviors. Therefore, the concentration of DWSF in seawater should be controlled below 0.45mg/L in order to ensure the normal growth and development of the larvae of S. marmoratus and other near-shore resident rockfish.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2622-2631 [Abstract] ( 209 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1038KB] ( 935 )
Environmental Microbiology
2632 Microbial community characteristics and mechanism of pollutant migration and diffusion in uranium tailings reservoir area
AN Yi-fu, LIAN Guo-xi, WU Xu-yang, SUN Juan, GAO Yang, SONG Wang-wang
A typical uranium tailings reservoir in northern China was selected to investigate correlations and mechanism between microbial community characteristics and pollutant migration and diffusion by 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing, XRD and FTIR. The results showed that microbial diversity in the uranium tailings was generally lower than that in the surrounding soils. The dominant bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria Chloroplast, were significantly negatively correlated to the contaminant diffusion, uranium (U) was one of key factors affecting the succession of microbial communities in this region, which was more likely to occur in large tailings particles with higher uranium levels. Meanwhile, the traditional lime neutralization process promoted the U-Ca agglomeration effect, resulting in 54.84% of more than 1.7mm particle size in the uranium tailings; because the large size uranium tailings lacked mineral carriers (such as feldspar and clay minerals) that could support the microbial community and functional group structures with biological affinity. Finally, the radioactive exposure and natural hydraulic erosion exacerbated the unstable evolution of the microbial community, making the pollutants in uranium tailings be more prone to release.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2632-2639 [Abstract] ( 252 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1140KB] ( 808 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
2640 Local government competition, differential environmental taxes (Fees) and pollution control
WU Jian, PAN Ruo-xi, XU Shang
The rates of environmental taxes (fees) in China can be set or adjusted at the provincial level to a certain extent. Due to fiscal decentralization and local government competition, differential environmental taxes may reflect the balance between environmental protection and economic development at the local level. Using province-level panel data from 2004 to 2019, this study examined the spatial patterns and pollution control effects of provincial differential environmental taxes. We found that:(1) environmental taxes differed significantly across regions, resulting in significant spatial patterns of "race to the top", "race to the bottom", and "scattered distribution" across regions; (2) taxes had remarkable direct control effects on air pollutants; (3) an increase in water environment taxes in neighbouring provinces significantly inhibited the emissions of water pollutants within the province through the "race to the top" mechanism; and (4) the provincial differences in air pollution taxes in the central region resulted in pollution transfer. Evidently, it is necessary to designate regionally differential tax rates based on the characteristics of air and water pollutants, as well as taking into account the adverse effects of "race to the bottom" and pollution transfer on pollution control across regions.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2640-2651 [Abstract] ( 180 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1153KB] ( 1107 )
2652 Optimization and case study of water environmental carrying capacity based on industrial structure
WANG Xi-qin, JIA Bao-zhen, JIANG Zhi-qiang, GAO Wei
This study took the maximization of population and economic output as the optimization goal, with the availability of water resources, water environment capacity, and the level of economic and social development as constraints. An optimization model of regional water environment carrying capacity was established, which considers macro industrial structure, planting structure, and breeding structure. It provides a method for regulating water environmental carrying capacity in the areas where planting and breeding are dominant, and enriches the method system. The case study results of Chengde City showed that:(1) under different social, economic and pollution mitigation scenarios, the population and economic output can be increased by 2.6%~29.5% and 18.5%~31.8% respectively, indicating that the level of industrial optimization and pollution control has an important impact on the regional water environment carrying capacity, and there is still much room for population and economic growth in the study area; (2) Controlling the speed of economic and social development, especially optimizing the agricultural planting structure and reducing the livestock and poultry breeding is key to improve the water environment carrying capacity; (3) Under the constraint of water environmental carrying capacity, there is a lower threshold for pollution control indicators such as urban sewage treatment rate, which indicates that the pollution control level in the study area has a short plate effect on water environmental carrying capacity. The optimization model for agricultural planting structure and breeding structure constructed in this paper can provide a novel approach for regulating water environment carrying capacity in areas featured with agricultural non-point source pollution.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2652-2661 [Abstract] ( 231 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 677KB] ( 962 )
2662 Evaluation and attribution of water resource utilization efficiency in the central China
MA Hui-jun, YANG Xiao-li, GAO Tian
In order to promote the sustainable development of water resources and alleviate the water resource problems in the central China, this study established the SBM model by combining the water footprint and green development index to evaluate the utilization efficiency of water resources, and then assessed its influencing factors with the Tobit model. The results show that the utilization of local water resources in the region was relatively high. However, due to the lack of location advantages of coastal areas, the virtual water import and export trade was underdeveloped. The pressure of water pollution in the central region fluctuated and tended to decrease, especially there was the greatest water pollution pressure in Henan Province where an increase in both the number of sewage treatment plants and their treatment capacity would alleviate the pressure of water pollution. The six provinces in the region had relative higher level of water resources development, but their development potential was smaller, and measures such as cross-regional water diversion could be considered to alleviate the problem. From 2007 to 2018, water resource utilization in the region became more efficient and marginal benefits gradually increased, and the utilization efficiency showed a "U"-shaped development trend. Among them, Anhui Province had the largest degree of data dispersion, and Shanxi Province had the highest water resource utilization efficiency. The technological progress, environmental protection, and water resource endowment of the region significantly affected its water resource utilization efficiency. The results of Tobit regression show that the central China still needs to strengthen the utilization of water resources, which can be achieved through strengthening technical training, upgrading irrigation facilities, water resource regeneration technology, etc. to further promote the sustainable development of water resources.
2023 Vol. 43 (5): 2662-2672 [Abstract] ( 214 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1334KB] ( 1019 )
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