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  Current Issue
 
2024 Vol.44 Issue.1,Published 2024-01-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Environmental Toxicology and Health
Carbon Emission Control
Emerging Contaminants
Air Pollution Control
1 Fine-scale evolution pattern of ozone pollution in the city cluster of Sichuan Basin from observation and modeling perspectives
ZHANG Xiao-ling, LEI Yu, WANG Cong-cong, WU Kai, YANG Xian-yu, TAN Qin-wen, LU Cheng-wei
Based on air pollutants observation and meteorological data in the Sichuan Basin in August 2019, combined with the ERA5 reanalysis data, the changes of upper and lower level weather situation and ozone (O3) pollution during the episode were examined. In addition, the high-resolution mesoscale weather forecast model WRF and multi-scale air quality model CMAQ were used to explore the formation and transport of O3. The results showed that:①The distribution characteristics of ozone concentration were closely related to the distribution of wind direction and temperature, and the area of high O3 value mainly located in the high temperature area and the downwind of dominant wind direction. In the process of pollution, the South Asia High and the West Pacific Subtropical High steadily controlled the entire Sichuan Basin, where 700hPa and 850hPa were controlled by the high pressure, leading to prevailing downdraft, increase of surface temperature, promotion of the rapid O3 generation, and inhibition of the dilution and diffusion of surface O3 to the upper air. ②The concentration and spatial distribution of O3 at 1000m height at night were greatly affected by the distribution of O3_8h at ground level and the transmission of wind field during the day. The low O3 values at night were mainly located at the bottom of the basin. Chengdu and Chongqing urban areas were affected by NO titration and were the two remarkable low-value centers in the night. The high-value O3 centers were blocked by mountains and accumulated in a zonal pattern at the edge of the basin. ③The relative contributions of different physical and chemical processes to O3 concentration were quantified by process analysis in WRF-CMAQ model. Vertical transport processes and gas phase chemistry were the main sources of daytime O3, dry sedimentation and horizontal advection were the main sinks of surface O3. ④The relative contribution of city-to-city transport to O3 concentration was estimated by ISAM comprehensive source analysis method. Under the influence of northeast wind transport, the contribution of model boundary to northeast Sichuan urban agglomeration was about 58.86%~79.23%. The southeast wind greatly affected the O3 concentration in Chongqing, contributing about 72.50% from model boundary. The main sources of NO2 contribution came from city itself and the surrounding regional transmission. The NOx emission in the northeast Sichuan urban agglomeration was lower than that in other regions of the Sichuan Basin, so the NO2 concentration imported from the model boundary and Chongqing had a greater contribution to the northeast Sichuan. ⑤Biological sources, industrial sources and transportation sources contributed significantly to O3 concentration in the Sichuan Basin, while residential energy sources and power plants contributed less. The contribution rate of industrial sector in Chengdu, Deyang, Chongqing, Meishan, Neijiang and Yibin was relatively high.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 1-14 [Abstract] ( 74 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 19357KB] ( 579 )
15 The applicability of numerical model and machine learning for near-surface ozone simulation in Lanzhou City
ZHOU Heng-zuo, LIAO Peng, YANG Hong, CHEN Heng-rui, LUO Yi-ming, PAN Feng, TONG Ji-long, LIU Yong-le
Numerical- and machine learning models with three different chemical mechanisms (CBMZ, RADM2, and CB06r3) were applied to simulate the near-surface ozone concentration in Lanzhou city in July 2019. Results show that CBMZ performed better than both RADM2 and CB06r3 did of which RADM2led to an overestimate of the near-surface ozone concentration while CB06r3 to a slightly underestimate. Then, the results from two machine learning models (XGBoost and PSO-BP) showed that in the absence of atmospheric pollutant emission inventory and only meteorological data were used, both two machine learning models performed better, regardless of single site or spatial distribution. In addition, the XGBoost model performed better for simulating the spatial distribution of near-surface ozone concentrations. Overall, the two machine learning models computed faster than the numerical models, but were significantly influenced by the input data, implying that the numerical models are more suitable for simulating pollution processes. Generally, a model suitable for simulating ground-level ozone should be selected according to the simulation requirements and data conditions.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 15-27 [Abstract] ( 55 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2282KB] ( 470 )
28 Effects of air mass sources and fog event on the number spectrum distribution of submicron aerosols over the alpine background area in South China
ZHOU Shu-ting, GONG Dao-cheng, ZHANG Shi-yang, ZHANG Qing-zu, WANG Wen-lu, LIU Xiao-ting, ZHANG Tao, ZHOU Yan, WANG Bo-guang, CHEN Duo-hong, WANG Hao
To improve our understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of aerosols in the background atmosphere in South China, the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) were applied for the first time to measure the number concentration and particle number size distributions (PNSD) of submicron particulate matter (PM) at the Nanling National Atmospheric Background Station (Nanling site, 1690m a.s.l.). Concurrently, the characteristics of PNSD under different sources of air mass and meteorological conditions along with variations in both the aerosol number concentration and the PNSD during a typical fog event were evaluated. Our results show that the average particle number concentration at the Nanling site was 1.14×103cm-3, being lower than most of the domestic and international mountainous background sites and exhibiting a relatively clean atmosphere; and the average particle number concentration was higher in the afternoon than in the morning with a peak concentration at around 2pm. During the observation period, the station was mainly influenced by the southern air masses (66.2%) originating from the South China Sea passing through the Pearl River Delta megacities, and the northern air masses (33.8%) passing through Hunan Province. The PNSD under the southern and northern air masses exhibited bimodal distributions, but the average aerosol number concentration from the southern air masses was twice that from the northern air masses (7.9×102cm-3), and the number concentration of particles within a range of 40~300nm increased significantly. The number concentrations of aerosols in the Nuclear mode and Accumulation mode were 80% lower under the foggy weather than under non-foggy weather, showing an obvious aerosol scavenging effect of fog; During the development of a fog event, the PNSD evolved from bimodal to unimodal, then to bimodal, demonstrating that the spectral width narrowed and the peak value of aerosol number concentration shifted towards smaller particle sizes. In general, the aerosols were mainly present in Nuclear mode and Accumulation mode (the two account for more than 95% of the total concentration), and the low aerosol number concentration was mainly attributed to the frequent foggy weather at Nanling Station.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 28-36 [Abstract] ( 66 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2330KB] ( 395 )
37 Analysis of PM2.5 component characteristics and oxidative potential in Beijing based on multi-mode application
HUA Tong-xin, LIU Lei, WEN Wei, LIU Xiao-yu, JIANG Bo, MA Xin, LIU Yu-song, DENG Zi-fan
PM2.5 samples were collected and analyzed at the station of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) in March and July 2019. PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) model was used for source analysis, demonstrating that traffic sources (19.10%), secondary components (19.17%) and dust sources (18.02%) were the main sources of PM2.5 pollution during the sampling period in Beijing. On this basis, the oxidative potential of PM2.5 was determined by the consumption rate of ascorbic acid (AA) per cubic meter, referred as OPv. The OPv were (210.49±169.00) [pmol/(min·m3)] and (313.34±131.84) [pmol/min·m3]] in March and July, respectively. OPv had a very strong correlation with Cu (r=0.801), As (r=0.742), SO42-(r=0.701). A new OPv prediction model was constructed by the multiple regression results and the WRF-Chem model. It was found that there were differences in the spatial characteristics of OPv and PM2.5 concentrations, and the maximum concentration of OPv in Beijing appeared in the southeast.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 37-47 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2357KB] ( 407 )
48 Analysis of key factors and sources of ozone pollution in Jiaodong Economic Circle under different weather patterns
YU Hui-zhen, MA Yan, GUO Li-na, GUO Fei-yan, MENG He, HUANG Rong
The key factors and sources of ozone pollution in Jiaodong Economic Circle under different weather patterns were studied based on the ozone observation and reanalysis data from 2014 to 2021. Results show that there are four types of weather patterns which are prone to ozone pollution. In the four weather patterns, the upper level is all controlled by the northwesterlies behind the westerly trough, while the surface is dominated by low-pressure trough in the northeastern China, weak anticyclone, rear of offshore high-pressure, and continental high-pressure. The number of ozone pollution days under the four weather types accounted for 58%, 28%, 6% and 5% of the total ozone pollution days, respectively. The key factors affecting ozone pollution are different under different weather patterns. For the northeast low-pressure trough type, the key factors are associated with the solar radiation, cloud fraction and low-level relative humidity. For the weak anticyclone type, the ozone is mainly correlated with solar radiation, cloud fraction, low-level relative humidity and zonal winds. For the rear of offshore high-pressure type, the ozone is mainly associated with solar radiation, cloud fraction, low-level temperature and relative humidity. For the continental high-pressure type, the ozone is mainly related to low-level temperature, low-level meridional wind and atmospheric stability. Backward trajectory cluster analysis shows that the occurring of ozone pollution is related to the latitude of the source of the air flow or whether it comes from inland. The ozone pollution in Jiaodong Economic Circle mainly comes from the Shandong Province, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province and southeastern coastal China. The analysis of a long-lasting ozone pollution process shows that it is favorable for the occurrence and long duration of ozone pollution in the Jiaodong Economic Circle when the weather pattern is controlled by the northwesterly wind behind the trough or high-pressure ridge in the upper level, and by the inland northwesterly or southwesterly flow in the low-level.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 48-57 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1905KB] ( 474 )
58 Migration, transformation and removal characteristics of escapted ammonia before wet desulfurization in coal-fired power plants
ZHENG Cheng-qiang, LI Xiao-long, LIU Guang-xiang, LI Jun-zhuang, ZHOU Dao-bin, DUAN Jiu-xiang, ZHANG Hao-liang
The ammonia composition and emission concentration in the flue gas at denitration outlet, air preheater outlet and dust remover outlet of three ultra-low emission coal-fired units were collected and analyzed by flue gas sampling method of stationary source, indophenol blue spectrophotometry and ion chromatography. Considering the characteristics of units operating conditions and flue gas treatment system, the migration, transtration and removal characteristics of escaped ammonia in air preheater and dust collector were studied. The results showed that the escaped ammonia at denitration outlet of all units was gaseous ammonia under high and low load operating conditions, and the distribution was uneven, with the ammonia emission concentration at typical locations higher than 2.5mg/m3. Gaseous ammonia begined to transform into filtrable ammonia when it flowed through the air preheater along with the flue gas. The filtrable ammonia emitted at the outlet of the air preheater could account for 47.21%~68.85% of the total ammonia. The temperature drop and flow velocity of flue gas in air preheater affected the generation of filtrable ammonia. The dust collector could remove most of the escaped ammonia, and the removal effect mainly came from the removal of filtrable ammonia. The removal performance of filtrable ammonia varied with dust collector systems. The escaped ammonia in the flue gas of dust remover outlet was mainly in the form of gaseous ammonia, and the concentration was between 0.15 and 0.60mg/m3.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 58-64 [Abstract] ( 57 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 460KB] ( 440 )
65 Construction of TiO2@PT photocatalyst and its study on photocatalytic degradation of toluene
ZHU Qiu-lian, WANG Bing-hao, LU Han-feng
TiO2 composite condensation of p-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenedialdehyde (TiO2@PT) catalysts were prepared by in-situ condensation method, using p-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenedialdehyde as raw materials. The toluene photocatalytic degradation abilities of the catalysts were studied. The catalysts' morphologies and optical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area analysis (BET), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and transient photocurrent (TPC). It was found that under 365nm ultraviolet irradiation, TiO2@PT catalyst had a good degradation ratio on toluene. In addition, the toluene degradation capacities of TiO2@PT with different polymer coating ratios were studied under various catalyst dosages, toluene concentrations, and reaction temperatures. The results showed that the highest degradation conversion was 26.41%, under 100W ultraviolet irradiation (365nm), 0.1g TiO2@1%PT dosage, 1000×10-6toluene concentration, corresponding to a reaction rate of 1177.89μmol/(g·h).
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 65-71 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1616KB] ( 389 )
72 Component characteristics and formation mechanism of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere during a typical pollution period in Jinan urban area
YAN Huai-zhong, WANG Jie, SHI Jing-hua, CAO Yan-yan, YOU Xi-hua, WEI Xiao-feng, LIU Shi-jie, ZHANG Gui-qin
Carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere at two different urban sites (Jianda and Chuangyeyuan) of Jinan were synchronously collected using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine sampling tubes during a typical summer ozone pollution period (from June 14 to 22, 2022) and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The photochemical reactions of major carbonyls were simulated with the Observation-based model (OBM) to identify the secondary formation pathways and critical precursors of these carbonyl compounds. The total concentration of carbonyl compounds was (19.78±9.83)×10-9 of which formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone accounted for 36.75%, 21.39% and 14.64%, respectively. The formaldehyde concentration showed "double peak" characteristics at noon and night in Jianda and had a peak change in morning and evening in Chuangyeyuan, exhibiting relatively higher concentrations at night and minimal concentrations around noontime. The concentration ratios of formaldehyde to acetaldehyde (C1/C2) of the two urban sites were 1.97 and 1.47, respectively. The concentration ratios of acetaldehyde to propionaldehyde (C2/C3) of the two sites were 9.27 and 8.76, respectively. The maximum formation rate was simulated to be 6.17×10-9h-1 for formaldehyde, 1.67×10-9h-1 for acetaldehyde, and 0.66×10-9h-1 for acetone; and the alkoxy radical (RO)+O2 reaction was the main secondary formation pathway. We also observed that alkene had an important effect on the secondary formation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the atmosphere; and ethylene, isoprene, and propylene were important precursors of formaldehyde, while propylene and 2-butylene served as precursors of acetaldehyde. Obviously, effectively controlling artificial alkene emissions from industries will help mitigate the secondary formation of major carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 72-82 [Abstract] ( 62 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1755KB] ( 439 )
83 Analysis of black carbon aerosol concentration changes and influencing factors in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia from 2010 to 2021
WANG Hui-qing, PEI Hao, SUN Yu
In order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of atmospheric black carbon pollution, the temporal variations of the black carbon aerosol concentration and the relationships between the black carbon aerosol concentration and the meteorological elements are analyzed by utilizing the black carbon aerosol concentration observation data of the Atmospheric Composition Observatory of Xilinhot National Climate Observatory in Inner Mongolia from 2010~2021. The results showed that the black carbon aerosol concentration increases and is highest in the south-westerly wind direction in different seasons and wind speeds, while it is almost constant or even decreases slightly and is lowest in the northeasterly wind direction. The overall daily variation of black carbon aerosol concentration shows the characteristic of "single-peak" variation in all seasons, with the peak in winter occurring later than the other three seasons and the trough in all four seasons occurring at the same time. In the past 10 years, due to the change of energy structure and the effectiveness of energy-saving and emission-reduction measures, the black carbon aerosol concentration at the observation sites showed a significant decreasing trend, and its changes were highly significantly negatively correlated with temperature and precipitation, and highly significantly positively correlated with relative humidity.. The results show that the black carbon aerosol concentration increases and is highest in the south-westerly wind direction in different seasons and wind speeds, while it is almost constant or even decreases slightly and is lowest in the northeasterly wind direction. The overall daily variation of black carbon aerosol concentration shows the characteristic of "single-peak" variation in all seasons, with the peak in winter occurring later than the other three seasons and the trough in all four seasons occurring at the same time. In the past 10years, due to the change of energy structure and the effectiveness of energy-saving and emission-reduction measures, the black carbon aerosol concentration at the observation sites showed a significant decreasing trend, and its changes were highly significantly negatively correlated with temperature and precipitation, and highly significantly positively correlated with relative humidity.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 83-92 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1023KB] ( 189 )
Water Pollution Control
93 Effects of rhamnolipid on organic carbon sources in waste activated sludge digestion by autothermal thermophilic micro-aerobic digestion
XING Yi-yan, GAO Chun-di, LIU Yi-wei, BI Hao-hua, OU Jia-li, PENG Yong-zhen
The VFA (Volatile Fatty Acid) produced during the digestion of surplus sludge can be used as an additional carbon source for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in waste water treatment process. In order to evaluate effects of surfactants on the effective carbon source in the Autothermal Thermophilic Micro-Aerobic Digestion system (ATMAD) and promote the development of internal carbon sources by using RL (Rhamnolipid) as a typical biosurfactant. The results show that the amount of VFA significantly increased with an appropriate amount of RL, and the main indexes such as SCOD, VFA, protein and polysaccharide in the supernatant were highly improved. The sludge dissolution effect significantly increased with an addition of RL by 0.02~0.07g/gTSS. The release of soluble organic matter and accumulation of VFA in the reaction system increased and be up to the highest and fastest when the RL dosage was 0.07g/g TSS. In addition, increasing the concentration of bacteria related to acid production fermentation (such as Bacteroides and Clostridium) could effectively promote the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. Evidently, an appropriate dosage of rhamnolipid can lead to a high feasibility and practicability for developing high-quality external carbon sources ATMAD system.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 93-102 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2541KB] ( 329 )
103 Comparison of sidestream and mainstream phosphorus recovery processes and analysis of regulatory factors
LI Lu, ZHANG Yue, SHAO Hong-yu, NI Min, HUANG Yong, PAN Yang
Recovering phosphorus from wastewater is an effective way to alleviate the crisis of phosphate resources. At present, the common phosphorus recovery process in wastewater treatment plants is mainly the sidestream process to recover phosphorus from excess sludge, which has a shortage of complicated processes and low recovery efficiency. The mainstream phosphorus recovery process with biofilm can realize simultaneous removal and enrichment of phosphorus. The process is simple and efficient, thus has more development prospects. Due to the significant differences in operating principle and mode, the regulation measures for the two processes are not the same. In this paper, the A2O process and biofilm sequencing batch reactor process were taken as the representative and the similarities and differences in the operating principles and modes of the sidestream and mainstream phosphorus recovery processes were compared, also, the influences of regulatory factors such as temperature, pH, hydraulic residence time, dissolved oxygen, carbon source and phosphorus storage capacity on the two processes were summarized based on the metabolic mechanism of phosphorus accumulating bacteria. The differential mechanism was expounded to provide a reference for the further development of the phosphorus recovery process of biofilm.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 103-113 [Abstract] ( 55 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 609KB] ( 385 )
114 Culture and enrichment characteristics of anammox biofilm with anoxic biofilm
JIANG Rui, LI Ren, YU Li-fang, LIU Ran, LIU Tian, ZHANG Ri-xia
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) biofilm was enriched and cultured in an up-flow anaerobic fixed bed biofilm (UAFB) reactor by inoculating the anoxic biofilm of a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Xi'an. The feasibility of this strategy was investigated by measuring the Anammox activity, hydrazine dehydrogenase (HZO) activity, and microbial community succession within the biofilms. The UAFB-Anammox reactor was successfully started up within 29 days, with a total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of 76.22%. When the surface nitrogen loading rate (SNLR) from 0.23g/(m2·d) to 2.59g/(m2·d), the maximum Anammox activity reached 2.15g/(m2·d), the TN removal rate was 83.68%. Illumina MiSeq sequencing results revealed that the AnAOB was significant enriched and domianted by Ca. Brocadia with a relative abundance of 33.38%. Concurrently, the denitrifying bacteria Denitratisoma, which colonized in the anoxic biofilm, appeared to utilize the NO3--N produced by the AnAOB, thereby establishing a symbiotic relationship. These findings suggest that the use of existing anoxic biofilms in STPs can expedite the cultivation and enrichment of Anammox biofilms, providing valuable insights for the application of the Anammox process in the upgrading of STPs.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 114-120 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1484KB] ( 430 )
121 Simulation of the preventive effect of ecological water replenishment on hydrophobia in Xiaofu River wetlands
JIA Rui-peng, LI Gui-qiu, DOU Ming, WANG Cai, LI Jia
To determine impacts of ecological restoration on the Xiaofu River wetland, a two-dimensional water environment mathematical model based on the MIKE21 model was constructed, and the eutrophication hazard index H was used to assess water bloom prevention effects under eight different ecological restoration scenarios. The results from analyzing lake hydrodynamics and water quality evolution characteristics show that the model simulation error was smaller than 20%, and the determination coefficient for COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen was 0.8, 0.95, 0.94, 0.87 and 0.81, respectively. Under the same replenished water amount, a short-term water replenishment had superior effects, while under different water supply conditions, the large recharge water supply effect was better. Furthermore, under the same water supply conditions, the multi-point water supply was superior. An optimal ecological recharge scenario was the Option B8 which is a simultaneous upstream and downstream recharged with a total of 2 million m3 of water in 20 intervals.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 121-131 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2512KB] ( 450 )
132 Effect of dissolved oxygen on reactive free radicals production and pollutant degradation in ferrous ion activated molecular oxygen systems
WANG Ying-qi, ZHANG Cheng-wu, WANG De-yu, FU Yu-feng, ZHANG Hui, QIN Chuan-yu
The Fe2+/O2/sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) advanced oxidation system was constructed to investigate the ability of active radical generation and pollutant degradation under the conditions of continuous aeration and limited dissolved oxygen by aeration and fixed initial DO experiments, respectively. The results showed that under full aeration at a flow rate of 150mL/min, when the concentration of Fe2+-STPP increased from 3mmol/L to 20mmol/L, the production of hydroxyl radicals under neutral conditions increased from 0.185mmol/L to 0.256mmol/L, and the removal rate of phenol increased from 81.4% to 91.5%. When the initial DO concentration was fixed in the confined environment and the Fe2+-STPP concentration was sufficient, the conversion of O2 to HO• was about 10.60%~18.05%, and the conversion rate increased with the increase of DO concentration. The amounts of the cumulative HO• produced and the consumed reducing agent Fe2+ were quantified, and the response relationship between the amount of pollutants degraded and the initial DO concentration was clarified, and their linear correlation equation was also established (R2>0.99).
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 132-139 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1128KB] ( 339 )
140 Effect of continuous shock load on the performance and microbial community responses of anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor
WANG Ze, YU Li-fang, MA Zhi-xuan, ZHENG Lan-xiang, LIU Ran, LIU Tian
A laboratory-scale anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor (AnSBBR) was used for the digestion of winery wastewater, and its operational characteristics and microbial community structure under continuous shock load were investigated. The results showed the AnSBBR maintained high removal efficiency and stability during the first 13days (29~41d) of continuous shock load. With the increase of hydrogen partial pressure and VFAs contents, the stability decreased (VFA/TA=0.72), SMA decreased by 46.2%, HUR increased by 69.2%, and coenzyme F420concentration increased by 11.9%. Compared with the steady stage, only the Slime-EPS contents increased significantly (34.1%) at day 42, while at day 56, the TB-EPS and LB-EPS contents increased by 61.3% and 62.8%, respectively, and the PN/PS ratio increased by 197.8% and 126.0%. Continuous shock load induced EPS to release massive emergency protein products to resist stress, and the electroactive substance enhanced the electron transfer activity (35.5%). Illumina MiSeq has shown that the abundance of acidogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrio, Ruminococcus, and Geobacter decreased, while the abundance of Methanobacterium increased from 32.2% to 50.9% under continuous shock load. The biofilm system responds to the impacts of continuous shock load by EPS layered secretion and enhanced the methanogenic pathway utilizing CO2 and H2.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 140-149 [Abstract] ( 46 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1558KB] ( 322 )
150 Preparation of Bi2O3/NiF photoelectrode with microwave irradiation and efficient photoelectrocatalytic degradation of RhB under simulated sunlight
XU Hao, GAO Bo, ZHANG Liu-ke, SHI Huan-xin, XING Yu-lu, ZHAO Xuan, MA Bing-rui, ZHAO Bao-xiu
In order to solve the problems of low light utilization efficiency and difficult recovery and reuse of powder Bi2O3 photocatalyst, Bi2O3/NiF electrode was prepared with impregnation-microwave radiation hybrid technology, and its characterizations such as SEM, XRD, XPS and electrochemical properties were used to analyze the morphology, chemical structure and photoelectrocatalytic performance. Experimental results displayed that the flower-shaped Bi2O3 was successfully loaded on the surface of three-dimensional framework NiF, and it exhibited excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation efficiency was about 95.35% when the photocurrent density was 15μA/cm2, initial voltage was 2V, RhB concentration was 8mg/L and pH value was 3. Bi2O3/NiF photoelectrocatalytic degradation of RhB fitted well with the first-order reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the free radical trapping test confirmed that h+ played a major role in the process of Bi2O3/NiF photoelectrocatalytic degradation of RhB.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 150-157 [Abstract] ( 51 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1465KB] ( 412 )
158 Efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole by ascorbic acid modified Mn3O4 via peroxymonosulfate activation
CHEN Jing, SONG Bing-hao, ZHU Lei, CHEN Hong, ZHANG Jie, JIANG Heng, YU Han-bo, CHU Kun, LIU Zi-dan
A new ascorbic acid modified Mn3O4 (AA-MO) was fabricated by a hydrothermal-ultrasonic method. The sample's physical and chemical properties were characteristiced by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XPS. AA-MO was utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The results depicted that the SMX degradation efficiency was firstly increased and then decreased in the pH range of 2.0~10.0, and the AA-MO/PMS system exhibited the best catalytic performance in the neutral environment. The increase of PMS concentration and catalyst dosage could both significantly promote the degradation of SMX. Compared with MO, AA-MO displayed a more stable catalytic performance after 3 cycles through reusability experiments. SO4•− was the main active species in the SMX degradation process by scavenging experiments. The electron transfer reactions between AA-MO and PMS could generate free radicals to remove SMX, and the oxidation resistance of AA could maintain the high catalytic performance of MO. Six possible degradation intermediates were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. In the three proposed degradation pathways, SMX was degraded by ring opening, S-N bond breaking, hydroxylation and oxidation. The toxicity threshold of SMX was calculated by ECOSAR model and ecotoxicity analysis was performed, while the toxicity of products P2, P5 and P7 should be concerned.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 158-166 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1885KB] ( 401 )
167 Effects of pH regulation methods on volatile fatty acids production through anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and citrus waste
DONG Shan-yan, LUO Jin-cai, WANG Xin-yun, LIAO Jing-ying, SUN Hong, ZHU Yi-chun
The effects of different pH regulation methods on volatile fatty acids production through anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and citrus waste was investigated. By continuously adjusting the pH of the co-digestion system to 6, the solubilization process could be improved, processes of hydrolysis of carbohydrates, acid and methane production could be enhanced, VFA production and cumulative methane production were 1.36 and 1.25 times higher than those of the blank group, respectively; The abundance of hydrolysis bacteria and acid-producing bacteria was increased, which promoting the shift of methane generation pathway from acetyl decomposition pathway to hydrogenated nutrition pathway. By adjusting the initial pH of the co-digestion system to 10, the release of dissolved organic matter was effectively promoted, achieving rapid hydrolysis and enhancement of acid production performance, while the methane production process was inhibited.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 167-177 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1450KB] ( 244 )
178 Nutrient transport in rivers around the Bohai Sea and its environmental implications
SUN Ce-ce, LIU Jun, ZHANG Ai-jun, LI Meng-lu, WU Wen-tao, ZANG Jia-ye, RAN Xiang-bin
The nutrient concentration, flux and structure of 24 major rivers around the Bohai Sea (BS) during the dry season of 2017 and the flood seasons of 2019, 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration in rivers around the BS was higher compared with other rivers of the world, and nitrate (NO3-) was the principal form of DIN. While concentrations of dissolved silicate (DSi) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) around the BS were lower than those in the world rivers. About 0.61 Gmol ammonia (NH4+), 0.24 Gmol nitrite (NO2-), 4.85 Gmol NO3-, 0.02 Gmol DIP and 3.27 Gmol DSi, respectively, were transported to the BS annually by these rivers. The small rivers around the BS played an important role in the nutrient delivery, especially the DIP transportation, accounting for more than 80% of the DIP flux of rivers around the BS. And the fluxes of DIN, DIP and DSi in terms of drainage basin area of small rivers were higher than those of the Yellow River. Compared with other rivers of the world, the nutrient composition in rivers around the BS was incongruous with high DIN/DIP (N/P) ratio, high DSi/DIP (Si/P) ratio and low DSi/DIN (Si/N) ratio, and the phosphorus limitation was significant. Imbalance of nutrient delivery from rivers may affect the primary production and environment evolution in the Bohai Sea, which should deserve further attention.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 178-192 [Abstract] ( 60 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1317KB] ( 367 )
193 HNTs@CeO2-Au@Co3O4 catalyst for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and dye pollutants
FANG Jia-sheng, CHEN Ming, DIAO Qi-qi, ZHAO Shuo, HUANG Zhen-ting, WEI Kun, ZHUO Qiong-fang
This paper reported the preparation of HNTs@CeO2-Au@Co3O4 core-shell hollow tubular composite catalyst for the reductive degradation of aqueous p-nitrophenol (4-NP) and dye (MB, MO) pollutants. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by the means of TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, XPS, etc. The results showed that CeO2 and Co3O4 were used as internal and external active layers to well disperse and immobilize Au nanoparticles (NPs), which were constructed upon halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) via interfacial reaction. The formed core-shell composite catalyst (HNTs@CeO2-Au@Co3O4) was based on the HNTs carrier encapsulated by the CeO2/Co3O4 laminated structure with Au NPs. The catalyst can reduce over 96% of 4-NP, MB and MO pollutants within 3.5, 8 and 3min respectively, in which the corresponding first-order kinetic rate constant (0.856, 0.370, 1.337min-1) and turnover frequency (10.99, 1.90, 2.80min-1) were significantly superior to the control materials including HNTs-Au@Co3O4, HNTs@CeO2-Au and HNTs@CeO2@Co3O4. Besides, HNTs@CeO2-Au@Co3O4 catalyst maintained high reduction conversion of 4-NP, MB and MO pollutants and good structural integrity after 6 consecutive uses. The unique CeO2/Co3O4 laminated structural feature and synergistic enhancement effect of composite components effectively promoted the construction of the high-performance catalytic system, greatly improved the catalytic activity and stability of Au NPs, which endowed the HNTs@CeO2-Au@Co3O4 catalyst with remarkable catalytic capability and recycling performance.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 193-201 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2552KB] ( 327 )
202 Inhibiting NOB under alternating starvation by operating the PN1/PN2 system
LI Dong, REN Ji-yuan, ZHANG Jie
In order to inhibit the growth and reproduction of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), a sequence batch reactor (SBR) (consisting of four groups of reactors R1~R4) was used to run the PN1/PN2 system, in which an alternating starvation/recovery strategy with an alternating 3 day period was used for 70 day operation. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in the starvation phase were set to (1±0.5), (2±0.5), (3±0.5) and (4±0.5) mg/L, respectively, and the selection of alternating cycles and effects of dissolved oxygen conditions on the activity, sludge concentration, particle size and extracellular polymer (EPS) of functional bacteria during the starvation period were evaluated to define the stable operation of the nitrification. The results show that, compared with ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), NOB was more sensitive to starvation, the activity decay rate was higher, and the activity recovery rate of AOB was higher than that of NOB in the first days of the recovery period, so the 3 day alternating cycle could effectively inhibit NOB and retain AOB activity. The nitrous accumulation rate (NAR) of the four groups of reactors reached 73.36%, 84.43%, 91.21% and 95.97%, respectively, followed by sludge reduction, but the sludge concentration of R1~R3 could remain stable after a period of adaptation, while R4 showed a downward trend. The alternating starvation/recovery strategy allowed the system to gradually eliminate flocs with poor sedimentation performance, while the sludge with good sedimentation performance remained in the reactor, and the sludge particle sizes in the four reactors on the 70th day reached 190.69, 197.56, 207.69 and 153.56μm, respectively. Environmental changes stimulated microorganisms to secrete more EPS, so the EPS content of the sludge in the four groups of reactors increased at varying amplitudes. Evidently, the alternating starvation/recovery strategy can stimulate beneficial changes in sludge to achieve effective NOB inhibition and stable NO2-N accumulation.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 202-210 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1562KB] ( 257 )
211 The influencing factors of polydopamine coated nano-calcium peroxide control-release hydrogen peroxide
MA Hui, LUO Hao-yu, CHEN Jin-song, PENG Hong-bin, PU Sheng-yan
A polydopamine-coated control-release nano-calcium peroxide (nCaO2@PDA) was produced in this study, and the effects of various influencing factors on the control-release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated. The results show that the release of H2O2 was strongly negative correlated to temperature, dopamine content and pH. Further investigation was conducted to elucidate the mechanism and the role of the surface core-shell PDA. The composite material demonstrated effective inhibition of the pH increase in the system during the controlled release of hydrogen peroxide retardation. This inhibition was attributed to the presence of the catechol group on the surface of the PDA core-shell structure.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 211-218 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1281KB] ( 426 )
219 The influencing factors and modification of small organic molecule/inorganic salt membrane separation
SHI Shuo-qing, YU Su-ping, ZHOU Ru-tong, QI Guang-xia, DONG Li-ming
Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, sewage treatment and resource utilization technology will be inevitably move towards the direction of "green and low-carbon". The separation of organic small molecules and inorganic salts have become one of the current constraints on the resource utilization of wastewater. Although membrane technology can be employed for this purpose, the factors influencing the separation of organic small molecules and inorganic salts have not been definitively determined. To accelerate the progress of wastewater resource utilization, this paper summarized the main factors that influence membrane separation of organic small molecules and inorganic salts, and introduced strategies that can improve membrane performance. The pore size of the membrane and the electronegativity of its surface are the key factors in the separation of organic small molecules and inorganic salts using membrane technologies. Furthermore, loose nanofiltration membranes with high hydrophilicity and positive charge represent the future direction in the development of small organic molecule/inorganic salt separation membranes.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 219-230 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1166KB] ( 327 )
Solid Waste
231 Heat treatment characteristics and kinetics of typical biodegradable plastics
GAO Kang, RUAN Jiu-li, WANG Yi-bo, ZHANG Jian-qiang, GUO Yu-wen
In order to explore the characteristics of biodegradable plastics in the heat treatment process, the weight-loss characteristics of biodegradable plastics (BP1) composed of the polylactide(PLA) and Poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzers at different heating rates (10, 20 and 30℃/min), and the reaction process of BP1in nitrogen atmosphere and air atmosphere was not completed in one step, and there were obvious two-step weight-loss processes in the main reaction stages. The mass loss rates of the two main reaction stages under nitrogen and air atmosphere reached 87.99%~89.64% and 84.99%~86.88%, respectively, and there was obvious overlap between the temperature ranges of the two reaction stages. The kinetic parameters were calculated by using iso-conversional method of Flynn-Wall-Qzawa(FWO)、Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)、Starink, and the average activation energy E of BP1in stage 1 and stage 2 under nitrogen atmosphere was 88.95 and 90.92kJ/mol, respectively, and the average activation energy E of stage 1 and stage 2 under air atmosphere was 67.23 and 91.27kJ/mol, respectively. The kinetic reaction mechanism was determined by Master-plots method based on 10℃/min, which showed that main reaction stage of BP1conformed to the random nucleation and nuclear growth model (An), but the number of reaction stages was different, indicating that the different atmospheres of nitrogen and air did not affect its reaction mechanism, but the generation and inactivation rate of the active point were different.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 231-241 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1527KB] ( 299 )
242 In-situ stacking and aging of electrolytic manganese residue: Speciation of heavy metals and environmental risk evolution
NIE Xiao-han, LEI Xue-wen, LIU Lei, ZHANG Xian-wei, CHEN Yi-jun
In order to clarify the influence of the storage process on the speciation and environmental risk evolution of heavy metals in electrolytic manganese residue, a series of microscopic experiments such as XRF, XRD, and SEM were conducted to compare and analyze the differences in microscopic properties including soluble salt content, chemical composition, microscopic morphology, and phase composition of fresh and aged electrolytic manganese residue. In addition, batch leaching experiments and improved BCR sequential extraction method were used to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen in fresh and aged electrolytic manganese residue. The research findings demonstrate that throughout the in-situ stacking and aging process, the microstructure of electrolytic manganese residue undergoes a transition towards a loose configuration. The content of soluble salts decreases from 12.25% to 4.38%. The proportions of acid-soluble and reducible heavy metals gradually diminish, resulting in the reclassification of manganese from a "very high risk" to a "medium risk" environmental category. However, the total heavy metal content remains notably elevated at 3.28×104mg/kg, thereby posing a significant environmental hazard. Although there has been some reduction in the leaching of ammonia nitrogen, it still exceeds the 15.00mg/L threshold by a factor of 2.54 to 3.84. Furthermore, some ammonia nitrogen and heavy metals are released into the surrounding ecosystem during the stacking and aging process, necessitating the implementation of essential measures for the treatment of electrolytic manganese residue.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 242-250 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1108KB] ( 372 )
Soil Pollution Control
251 Effects of soil iron and aluminium on organic carbon in Pinus massoniana forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area
LI Yi, LIN Dun-mei, WEI Pei, ZOU Cui, ZHAO Yang, SHEN Rong, CAI Xiao-ling, WANG Chen-chen, ZHU Guang-yu, GUO Jin-song
To comprehensively understand the impact of various forms of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) minerals on soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization, this study was conducted in the Pinus massoniana forest with typical soil textures in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The contents of Fe and Al minerals in the crystalline minerals (DH), short-range order minerals (HH), and organo-metal complexes (PP), along with their associated organic carbon, were determined using a selective dissolution extraction method. The interrelationship between different forms of Fe, Al minerals, and their associated organic carbon with soil organic carbon was investigated through correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Key findings revealed:(1) varied Fe, Al mineral contents ranked DH>PP>HH, exhibiting a noticeable upward trend with increased clay content; (2) the organic carbon content extracted with DH, PP, and HH were (6.11±0.35)mg/g, (6.25±0.46)mg/g, and (1.14±0.06)mg/g, constituting approximately (32.06%±1.95%), (32.61%±2.33%), and (5.95%±0.33%)of SOC, respectively; (3) the carbon-to-metal (C:Fe+Al) molar ratio indicated PP>DH≈HH, suggesting a transition in the mineral-organic carbon interaction from co-precipitation and chelation toward adsorption with increased crystallinity; (4) extracted carbon content exhibited a positive correlation with the corresponding extracted metal (Fe+Al) (P<0.05), with Fe and Al minerals explaining 74.65% of the SOC variability as the primary explanatory variables. In summary, the interplay between organic carbon and Fe, Al minerals significantly influences SOC stabilization and storage in the soil of Pinus massoniana forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Crystalline Fe, Al minerals, and organo-mineral complexes emerged as pivotal factors driving this phenomenon.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 251-260 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1120KB] ( 318 )
261 Determination of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove wetland soils using gas chromatography
ZUO Zi-cen, ZHANG Li, NI Jie, HE Zhen, YANG Gui-peng
A gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) method was established to detect 18homologues of Cl/Br-PAHs in soils sampled from mangrove wetlands in Guangxi. The results indicate that a total Cl/Br-PAH content ranged from 163.24 to 244.45ng/g dw in wetland soils. The detection limits and spiked recovery rates were found to range from 0.21 to 3.75ng/g dry weight and from 64.9% to 106.4%, respectively. Compared to the GC-MS method, the GC-ECD method exhibited similar accuracy and sensitivity for most Cl/Br-PAHs and offered better stability and lower analytical costs. This method is thought to be suitable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cl/Br-PAHs in wetland soils.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 261-268 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1814KB] ( 354 )
269 Distribution and driving factors of thallium in cultivated soil based on NNET and GIS
ZHANG Yun-xia, GUO Zhao-hui, XIAO Shun-yong, XIE Hui-min, XIAO Xi-yuan, LI Chang-zhou
This study systematically collected surface soil samples from farmlands in Hunan Province and employed a combination of multivariate statistics, GIS, and neural networks to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of soil Tl content and its main driving factors. The results indicate that the soil Tl content ranged from 0.01 to 7.33mg/kg, with an arithmetic mean of (0.91±0.40) mg/kg, which exceeded the background value of soil Tl content in Hunan Province (0.61mg/kg). The cumulative characteristics of soil Tl contents were evident despite its significantly lower than the national reference value (1.0mg/kg). The spatial distribution of soil Tl contents exhibited distinct characteristics at the watershed level, showing a trend of "east high, west low, south high, north low". High-value clusters of soil Tl content primarily presented in the southern part of the Xiangjiang River basin and the Wushui basin. The arithmetic mean soil Tl content in Wushui basin was up to 1.10mg/kg, indicating a potential pollution risk. Hydraulic forces, industrial activities, and other natural factors were important variables driving the accumulation and distribution of Tl content in the cultivated soils in Hunan Province. Tl accumulation in the farmland soils was significant in high-altitude areas and the areas with a dense network of water bodies. The Tl content in yellow-brown soil was significantly higher than in other soil types.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 269-277 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 5315KB] ( 414 )
278 Environmental footprint analysis of site remediation based on the SiteWiseTM
XIAO Meng, LIU Rui-ping, LI Xiang-lan, ZHANG Hong-zhen, XU Tie-bing, TONG Xue-jiao, JIA Yu-fu
The SiteWiseTM tool was used to assess the environmental footprint of greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water and power resource consumption, and air pollutant emissions systematically and quantitatively in the whole remediation process of one specific contaminated site producing chemical fertilizer in Hebei province, China. Results indicated that the remediation of 21,800m3 of contaminated soil resulted in the emission of 2616t CO2-eq of greenhouse gases, and the consumption of 2.11×1014MJ of energy, 1.1×105L of water, and 5.66×104kW×h of electrical energy. Additionally, the remediation process led to the 1.58×104kg air pollutants emission. Through the renewable energy scenario analysis that comes with the SiteWiseTM tool, we found that when renewable energy was incorporated into the remediation system to reduce carbon by 1%, the cost would increase by 7.58%. Uncertainty analysis results showed that within the 95% confidence interval, greenhouse gas emissions fluctuated in the range of 2194~3086t CO2-eq, energy consumption fluctuated in the range of 1.45×1014~2.46×1014MJ, and relatively low uncertainty was found in this study.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 278-287 [Abstract] ( 61 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 912KB] ( 326 )
Environmental Ecology
288 Identification of nitrate sources and transformations during precipitation processes in Dagang River basin
WANG Jun, KANG Xiao-qi, WU Ya-li, NIU Yuan, YU Hui
To explore the sources and transformation of surface water nitrate in Dagang River Basin, we defined eight sampling points from the upstream to downstream along the Dagang River from which samples of surface water and sediment were collected when precipitation occurred in autumn (November 2020) and spring (March 2021). A total of 20 samples of groundwater, sewage, manure and soils were analyzed with hydrogeochemistry, nitrogen and oxygen isotope tracer technology, and Bayesian mixture model. Results show that:(1) the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of surface water was 3.20mg/L in the autumn and 3.23mg/L in the spring (70.9% in the form of NO3--N), which was higher than the environmental quality of surface water V standard; (2) nitrogen cycling process in the Dagang River Basin was dominated by nitrification, while precipitation led to the seasonal changes in nitrate concentration; (3) domestic wastewater and livestock manure were two main sources of nitrate to the watershed waters, collectively contributing (40.8%±32.8%) in the autumn and (55.8%±27.3%) in the spring, followed by groundwater and soils, while the least by precipitation.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 288-299 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1770KB] ( 453 )
300 Ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil and relevant driving factors of desert oasis region
LIU Jing-yu, YIN Fang, LIU Lei, JIANG Lei, GUO Shuai

By studying the characteristics of soil nutrient content in arable land, garden land, forest land, and bare land in the desert oasis area of the northeastern edge of the Tarim Basin, the influence of different land use types on soil ecological stoichiometry was analyzed to provide a reference basis for evaluating the quality and function of soils in fragile ecosystems. The results showed that:① The soil of the study area was deficient in TN and SOC, normal in TP, and rich in TK. The pH showed a distribution pattern of "high in the northwest and low in the southeast," which was negatively correlated with the spatial distribution pattern of other elements. ② The contents of TC, SOC, TP, and TN were highest in cultivated land and lowest in bare land, but there were no appreciable differences in the content of TK across different land use modes. The TC, SOC, TN, and TP had an obvious "surface aggregation effect", and their contents reduced with the increase of soil depth; on the contrary, the pH increased with the increase of soil depth. The change in TK content was not obvious at different depths. ③ Among the four landuse modes, w(C):w(N) was in the order of bare land>garden land>forest land>cultivated land, w(C):w(P) was in the order of garden land>forest land>bare land>cultivated land, and w(N):w(P) was in the order of garden land>cultivated land>bare land>forest land. On different soil depths, w(C):w(N) increased with the increase of soil depth, w(N):w(P) decreased with the increase of soil depth, and w(C):w(P) didn't show a clear pattern of variation. ④ The cumulative variance explained by ecological chemometric traits was 91.66%, of which TN had the highest importance, with a proportion of 53.5%. Therefore, the deficiency of soil nutrient elements in the arid oasis area ccould be alleviated by improving the application of nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizers and introducing nitrogenfixing plants.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 300-309 [Abstract] ( 71 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4647KB] ( 466 )
310 Distribution and influencing factors of net community production in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea in summer
WU Zhi-guang, QIN Chuan, WANG Lei, ZHANG Gui-ling
O2/Ar in surface seawater of the East China Sea (ESC) and Yellow Sea (YS) was observed by an underway measurement system using membrane inlet mass spectrometry in June-July 2018, and estimated the NCP in the mixed layer. The NCP characteristics of distribution and its regulating factors were analyzed in combination with hydrographic parameters and satellite data. An overall autotrophic condition was observed in the ECS and YS with an average Δ(O2/Ar) of (3.3 ±8.5)%, and an average NCP of (12.9 ±36.7) mmol C/(m2·d). The average Δ(O2/Ar) was (4.9 ±9.8)% and the NCP was (21.0 ±38.2) mmol C/(m2·d) in the ECS, showing a trend of decreasing offshore, which was affected by the high growth of phytoplankton promoted by the massive nutrient from terrestrial input. The average Δ(O2/Ar) was (1.6 ±6.6)% and the NCP was (4.8 ±33.3) mmol C/(m2·d) in the YS. The distribution of NCP in the YS was mainly influenced by nutrients and Yellow Sea Cold Water, with high values observed in the North Yellow Sea and low values in the South Yellow Sea. The correlation analysis showed that light and nutrients were the main factors controlling the distribution of NCP in the study area.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 310-318 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2442KB] ( 414 )
319 Assessment and selection of the best management practices for the Jinghe River Basin considering the comprehensive benefits of environmental costs
RUAN Bing-nan, WU Lei, GUO Jia-wei, DU Bai-lin
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of nine individual BMPs, as well as their various combinations-03 different scenarios in total-for reducing non-point source pollution (NPSP). A multi- attribute decision analysis method based on information entropy was also employed to assess the tradeoffs between the cost of implementing watershed BMPs and their effectiveness in controlling NPSP. The results reveals that the SWAT model was well-suited for simulating NPSP in the Jinghe River Basin, and the load reduction of NPSP varied greatly with different BMPs. Combined BMPs performed better than single BMPs in reducing the load of NPSP. The combination of reducing fertilizer application by 50% during agricultural cultivation, returning farmland with a slope greater than 25° to grassland, and planting grass in river channels was the preferred combined BMPs for the Jinghe River Basin with the highest comprehensive benefits value of environment and cost.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 319-328 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1094KB] ( 423 )
329 The characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors during extreme drought of a large-scale reservoir-Take Xinfengjiang Reservoir for example
ZHANG Hui, PENG Yu-qiong, ZOU Xian-ni, ZAHNG Ting-ting, LIAO Zhi-hui, LIN Xiao-ping, QIAO Yong-min, CHEN Rui
In 2021, the Xinfengjiang reservoir basin experienced the extreme drought in 60 years. To understand the characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors, an investigation was carried out monthly from 2020.1 to 2021.12 in Xinfengjiang Reservoir, a large-scale oligotrophic reservoir in southern China. The results showed that the water quality indexes of Xinfengjiang Reservoir basically met the 'Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard'(GB3838-2002) Ⅰ during both periods of normal and extreme drought. The values of TLI ranged from 14 to 28 in 2021, increasing about 19.1% compared to 2020, which indicated that the reservoir wasin poor nutrition state. A total of 201 phytoplankton species were identified belonging to 8 phyla and 90 genera in 2020, as well as 191 phytoplankton species were identified in 2021 belonging to 8 phyla and 86 genera. Among these species, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta and Pyrroptata were main compositions of the total phytoplankton species. The structure of phytoplankton community was Chlorella -Cyanophyta form in 2020, as well as Chlorella -Diatom form in 2021. The average abundance of phytoplankton were 1.38×106cells/L and 0.41×106cells/L in 2020 and 2021, respectively. As for the composition of phytoplankton abundance, the former drought was significantly different from the period of drought, which attributed that decreasing nutrient input restricted algal proliferation activities. Correlation and canonical correspondence analysis showed that water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, transparency were the key factors controlling phytoplankton community structure change in former drought, and those of water, temperature, ammonia nitrogen、conductivity、pH value、total nitrogen、Permanganate index、transparency for phytoplankton community structure during drought period in Xinfengjiang Reservoir.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 329-343 [Abstract] ( 42 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2226KB] ( 338 )
344 Simulation of degradation, diffusion and distribution of total nitrogen pollution influenced by tide and runoff in Yongjiang River
CHEN Qin-si, HU Song, WANG Xiao-hua, LIU Peng-xia, LIU Xing, GAO Zhao-quan
Based on the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), the hydrodynamic model of Ningbo-Zhoushan sea area is established in this paper. Combined with the monitoring data of sea water, the distribution of total nitrogen concentration in the area and the dynamic factors affecting the transport of pollutants are analyzed. Then, the apparent degradation coefficient method was used to supplement the decaying mechanism of tracer concentration in the DYE module, and the degradation, diffusion and distribution of total nitrogen pollutants from Yongjiang into the sea were simulated and analyzed under the conditions in the high flow period of 2021. The simulation results show that the total nitrogen pollutants imported from Yongjiang into Ningbo-Zhoushan sea area is an important factor contributing to the high concentration of total nitrogen in the coastal waters of Zhenhai and Beilun districts in Ningbo in summer 2021. Under the combined action of tidal and Yongjiang runoff, the total nitrogen pollutants imported from Yongjiang into Ningbo-Zhoushan sea area will significantly affect the sea water quality in the eastern and northern sea areas of Ningbo. Taking the summer of 2021 as an example, after considering the degradation process, the simulation results show that the total nitrogen pollutants imported from Yongjiang will increase the seawater total nitrogen concentration of Ningbo coastal station by about 0.7mg/L within 90 days.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 344-351 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 3271KB] ( 361 )
352 Vegetation evolution and its influencing factors in the Yangtze River Basin based on multi-scale geographical weighted regression
LI Yong-jun, CHEN Qing-chang, FANG He, LI Jian
The Yangtze River Basin is an important industrial and agricultural production area and ecological security barrier in China. In-depth research on the spatial-temporal evolution of vegetation in the basin and its influencing factors and scale effects is of great significance for understanding the regional vegetation growth under changing environments and grasping the ecological environment quality. However, previous studies have not fully considered the difference between/in scale effects of different influencing factors of vegetation spatial differentiation pattern. Therefore, this study took the vegetation coverage of the Yangtze River Basin from 2000 to 2022 as the dependent variable and used terrain, meteorology, and socio-economic factors as independent variables. With the help of multiscale geographic weighted regression (MGWR) which was good at handling scale differences, the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation and its influencing factors were explored. The results showed that:1) Vegetation coverage in the Yangtze River Basin fluctuated between 2000 and 2022, with an overall improvement trend and a growth rate of 0.245% per year. The spatial distribution pattern of vegetation in the basin showed a low-east and high-central pattern, indicating significant spatial differentiation. However, there was a risk of degradation in most areas of the basin in the future. 2) Different influencing factors had obvious spatial differences in their effects on vegetation in the Yangtze River, among which slope, elevation, temperature, and relative humidity were the main driving factors. It was noteworthy that anthropogenic factors had relatively small influence on vegetation. 3) The response scales of vegetation to various influencing factors were significantly different, with natural factors such as terrain and climate having smaller impact scales (only 43) than social factors (over 870).
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 352-362 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 4636KB] ( 298 )
363 Characteristics of algal bloom and its threshold of ecological flow in the middle and lower Hanjiang River
HE Shu-feng, HU Wei, YANG Zao-li, FENG Tao, YAN Han-lu, LIN Yu-qing, CHEN Qiu-wen
Based on the hydrological, water environment, and water ecology data in the middle and lower Hanjiang River from 2015 to 2019, this paper uses principal component analysis and redundancy analysis to identify the key factors for the prevention and control of algal bloom outbreaks in the river, and obtained their regulatory thresholds by fitting. Then the ecological flow rate for inhibiting algal bloom outbreaks in the river was calculated by using the cross section flux method and the velocity inhibition method. The results showed that:Algal blooms in the middle and lower Hanjiang River mainly occurred in the dry season. In the dry season, the dominant algal populations were Bacillariophyta, chlorella were the dominant species. In the wet season, the dominant algal populations were Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta, Chlorella sp. were the dominant species. Flow velocity is the dominant controlling factor affecting algae growth. We found the flow velocity exceeding 0.462m/s will inhibit algae growth. The ecological flow thresholds for controlling algal blooms in the middle and lower Hanjiang River during the dry season were 890m3/s in the Shayang section, 918m3/s in the Qianjiang section, 953m3/s in the Xiantao section and 1075m3/s in Hanchuan section.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 363-370 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 732KB] ( 501 )
371 Inversion of coastal soil salinity in Qinzhou Bay based on domestic ZY1-02D satellite and machine learning algorithm
TIAN Yi-chao, ZHENG Dan-lin, ZHANG Qiang, LU Fang, HUANG You-ju, TAO Jin, ZHANG Ya-li, LIN Jun-liang, YAO Gui-zhao, YAO Yuan-yuan
The relevant feature parameters extracted from the domestic ZY1-02D multispectral satellite were used to characterize the soil salinity over the coastal area of Qinzhou Bay with the support of Ada Boot, LightGBM, XGBoost, RFR, and CatBoost machine learning algorithms. The performance of each model was evaluated with the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The results show that the soil total salt content in the research area was measured to range from 0.740 to 10.352g/kg with an average of 1.739g/kg. Model simulation results demonstrate that CatBoost had the best predictive performance over AdaBoost, LightGBM, XGBoost, and RFR, and combined CatBoost with the highest accuracy (R2=0.8317, RMSE=0.396g/kg); and of all variables in a group, the mean of texture features was most sensitive to soil salinity and made the highest contribution; The soil salt content was simulated to range from 0to 8.784g/kg, with an average of 2.478g/kg, in which mild salinity mainly occurred in the western part of the study area and scattered in the eastern part. The combination of domestic resource satellite remote sensing data and CatBoost model has shown good performance in retrieving soil salinity in the coastal area of Qinzhou Bay, providing a new approach to characterizing coastal soil salinity at a large-scale.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 371-385 [Abstract] ( 41 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2358KB] ( 262 )
386 Transport processes and numerical simulation of DNAPL contaminants in saturated sandy soils
XIAO Peng, LIU Han-le
In this paper, based on the parameters obtained from the physical sandbox experiment, the numerical simulation Petrasim program was utilized to simulate the migration process of DNAPL in saturated porous media, which has certain research significance in exploring the migration behavior of DNAPL under the combined action of gravity and capillary force and the contaminants distribution characteristics in the migration paths. The numerical results and experimental data showed that:(1) in the early stage of infiltration, DNAPL was mainly affected by gravity and showed "droplet" vertical diffusion. After vertical diffusion to the bottom impervious layer, DNAPL began to redistribute and spread laterally driven by capillary force, and finally forms a long-term "pool" contaminant source area at the bottom of sandbox; (2) By comparing the simulation results with the experimental data, the relative error range of the vertical diffusion was -2.96%~5.95%. The relative error range of horizontal diffusion was 0.04%~23.41%, and the relative error range of plane contamination area was 0.03%~19.39%. The fitting determination coefficients R2 which characterize the differences between the simulated values and the experimental data of horizontal diffusion, vertical diffusion and contaminant area were 0.8827, 0.9919 and 0.9832, respectively. The simulation results were close to the experimental data, which is satisfactory. The reliability and accuracy of numerical simulation Petrasim program in predicting DNAPL migration behavior and contaminant distribution in saturated porous media were investigated in this study. Indicating that the assessment of DNAPL leakage range and the prediction of DNAPL migration behavior have broad application prospects in the field environment.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 386-395 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2046KB] ( 419 )
Carbon Emission Control
396 Carbon sequestration and emission reduction potential of straw biochar and its environmental impacts
LIU Yang, JIN Chen-sheng, ZHANG Hai-ya, ZHANG Xin-bo, ZHANG Yu-Pan
The straw biochar obtained by slow pyrolysis, as one of most common biochars, was used as a research object, while the biochar application to soil was used as an application scenario. The carbon sequestration potential and environmental impacts by the application of biochar technology were discussed and analyzed in detail using the methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA). The results showed that the preparation and application of 1t straw biochar (the straw biochar system) was able to reduce carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions by 5.50×103kg and achieve carbon sequestration of 5.53×103kg CO2e, which had a significant effect on greenhouse gas emission reduction. As for the environmental-hazard potential, the preparation and application of the straw biochar system effectively mitigated abiotic depletion potential (-5.15×10-5kgSbe) and eutrophication potential (-5.35×10-3kgPO43-e), which had a small negative impact on acidification potential (0.0576kgSO2e), ozone depletion potential (8.28×10-14kgR11e), photochemical oxidation potential (7.38kgC2H4e) and human toxicity potential (2.01kgDCBe).
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 396-403 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 512KB] ( 364 )
404 Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology development status and application prospects
YANG Ping-jian, PENG Shuan, WANG Jing, WANG Qiang, Ren Ni, SONG Wei-ning
The development of various key links in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology was reviewed, and the current progress and challenges of CCUS technology application globally and in China were analyzed. The results indicate that at the current economic and technological level, it is difficult for CCUS projects to achieve a cost-effective balance. Therefore, it is necessary to make changes and consider CO2 as a basic industrial raw material to accelerate the layout of CO2 resource utilization. Based on this, a pyramid model for CO2 conversion and utilization was proposed, which optimized the combination of high-value-added carbon-based materials production, chemical utilization, biosynthesis, and other CO2 conversion and utilization paths to form a new carbon economy balancing emissions reduction and commercial value. Finally, based on the practical needs of China's future leadership in the energy field and the flexibility of power grids, policy recommendations were proposed to accelerate the layout and application of CCUS technology in China, with the aim of assisting the industrialization and sustainable development of CCUS technology.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 404-416 [Abstract] ( 116 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1528KB] ( 673 )
417 Prediction of coal-fired power units carbon emission factor based on BayesianOpt-XGBoost
ZHAO Jing-hao, WANG Na-na, JIANG Jia-ming, TIAN Ya-jun
A Bayesian-Opt-XGBoost model was established on the basis of the features of power generation units and coals, in which the parameters were optimized with Bayesian. The prediction of the carbon emission factors of power and heat generation of coal-fired power plants had coefficients of (R2) of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively, the corresponding mean absolute errors are 2.51% and 2.91%. Normalization methods were used to get rid of the dependence on coal's features, the corresponding R2 values were 0.79 and 0.77 respectively, and the mean absolute errors were 3.94% and 2.75%, the accuracy can still be acceptable. With the model, the carbon emission factors of coal power units in different provinces of China were estimated and compared with the published data, which proved the valid of this model. The analysis of the above estimated results shown that the carbon emission intensity of coal-fired power industry can be reduced by reforming the existing low-capacity units and building large capacity and high parameters units for newly plants.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 417-426 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2284KB] ( 353 )
427 The impact and transmission mechanism of China's urban digital economy on carbon emissions in the logistics industry
ZHONG Wen, YANG Jun, ZHENG Ming-gui, DONG Juan, YAN Zhi-qing
Based on the analysis of the mechanism of the impact of digital economy on carbon emissions in the logistics industry, based on the data of 278 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2011 to 2021, the impact of the digital economy on the carbon emissions of the logistics industry was empirically tested by nonlinear regression model and quintile regression model. The results show that there is a U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the carbon emissions of the logistics industry, and it is currently in the upper half of the U-shape. The mechanism test shows that the digital economy significantly reduces the carbon emissions of the logistics industry mainly through two paths:technological innovation and factor allocation efficiency improvement, and at the same time, there is a spatial spillover effect on the carbon emissions of the logistics industry, and there is heterogeneity of the city's own scale and resource endowment. Further analysis shows that the development of digital economy has a significant inhibitory and evolutionary effect on the carbon emissions of the logistics industry, and with the increase of quintiles, the marginal impact of the development of digital economy on the carbon emission reduction of the logistics industry decreases.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 427-437 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 380 )
438 Assessing the carbon emissions from fertilizer use reduction in China
ZOU Jin-lang, LIU Tao-hong, YAO Guan-rong, XU Long
The carbon emissions from fertilizer use reduction in China was assessed from three periods of 2008~2014, 2014~2020 and 2020~2025, based on two dimensions of total amount change and intensity contribution.. The results showed that:①Total carbon emissions from fertilizer use in China increased from 7185.11×104t in 2008 to 8462.78×104t in 2014, and then decreased to 7004.40×104t in 2020. It increased by 17.78% from 2008 to 2014 and then decreased by 17.23% from 2014 to 2020. The peak of total carbon emissions from fertilizer use of corn and cotton occurred in 2014, and other crops appeared before 2014. ②The contribution of fertilizer reduction to carbon reduction was 81.08% from 2014 to 2020. Among them, the contributions of soybean and tobacco were lower than 50%. Meanwhile, the intensity of fertilizer use of cotton increased. The carbon emissions from fertilizer use reduction in different provinces has varied significantly, among which, the contributions of fertilizer reduction to carbon reduction in Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hainan and Gansu wer below 50%, and the intensity of fertilizer use in Jiangsu, Guangdong and Xinjiang increased. ③Compared with 2020, the total carbon emission from fertilizer use will decrease in 2025 under the premise of securing the planting scale and optimizing the planting structure. The total carbon emissions from fertilizer use of rice, wheat, cotton, sugar and vegetables in 2025 under the 1% reduction scenario are lower than those in 2020, while the fertilizer use of corn, tobacco and soybean need to be reduced by 3%, 5% and 10%, respectively. Fertilizer use reductions of 1% of rice, wheat and cotton contribute more than 50% of the carbon reduction, while the fertilizer use of corn and sugar require 3% reductions, and tobacco, vegetables and soybeans require 5%, 7% and 10% reductions, respectively. Under the scenarios, the contribution of fertilizer reduction to carbon reduction of oilseeds is not significant in 2025. China's carbon emissions from fertilizer use have reached their peak. The next step should be focused on improving the synergy between fertilizer reduction and carbon reduction in the post-carbon peak period. At present, the areas where the intensity of fertilizer use increased and the contribution of fertilizer reduction to carbon reduction was not high need to be given more attention. The regulations of the total amount and intensity of fertilizer reduction and carbon reduction by crop types should be implemented.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 438-448 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 931KB] ( 241 )
Emerging Contaminants
449 Distribution and bioaccumulation characteristics of organophosphate esters in the Yellow river estuary
YAN Zhen-fei, FENG Cheng-lian, WANG Jin-dong, WU Feng-chang, BAI Ying-chen
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as a widely used commercial chemical, have been found in various environmental media and show persistence and multiple toxicity. In this study, the Yellow River estuary was selected as the research area, and a total of 17 OPEs were detected in surface water, sediment, plankton, and 12 types of aquatic organisms. Among them, chlorinated-OPEs had the highest detection abundance and frequency, which were the main pollutant components, followed by alkyl- and aryl-OPEs. Pollution sources of chlorinated-OPEs were more extensive in the homology analysis of OPEs in surface water and sediment. And the concentrations of ∑OPEs in wild fish with higher trophic level (such as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Carassius auratus, Sphyraenus, etc.) were higher than those in benthos with lower trophic level (such as Macrobrachium nipponense, etc.) among 12 aquatic organisms, indicating that the distribution of OPEs in aquatic food chain was bioaccumulative and species specificity. In addition, compared to gill absorption in fish, intestinal feeding was the main exposure pathway for OPEs pollution in wild fish. It was further found that some OPEs showed certain bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential in the aquatic food web from the Yellow River estuary. Tri (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate existed potential low ecological risks, to which should be paid more attention. The research results provide a scientific and reasonable theoretical basis for the risk management of emerging contaminant (OPEs) in the future.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 449-461 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1404KB] ( 378 )
462 Effects of salinity on the adsorption behavior of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at the seawater-sediment interface
JIANG Shu-qi, BI Yu-jie, ZHANG Tao, FENG Zhi-hua, GENG Qian-qian, TAN Zhi-jun, GUO Meng-meng
In order to understand adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PEAS), the five PFAS components were detected in the simulated seawater-sediment environments in this study. The adsorption capacity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) under varying salinity conditions was found to be greater than that of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with the same carbon-fluorine chain length. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of PFOS in sediments was observed to be higher than that of its alternative, potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (9Cl-PF3ONS); and the equilibrium adsorption capacity of PFOA in sediments was greater than that of its alternative, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimeric acid (HFPO-DA), but lower than another alternative, hexafluoropropylene oxide trimeric acid (HFPO-TA). A strong positive correlation was observed between the Kd values of PFAS and salinity levels. The sorption of PFAS onto sediments exhibited an upward trend as the salt concentration increased. The adsorption mechanism of PFAS involved both hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 462-473 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1401KB] ( 475 )
474 Study on the interaction between microplastics and lung surfactants
JIANG Fan-shu, CAO Yan, ZHANG Lin-feng, SHI Wei-meng, SONG Hao-ran, WANG Hao-jun, YANG Yan-lin, ZHAO Qun, LI Jie, LI Man-tao
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) were selected as the representatives of microplastics to investigate the interaction between microplastics and lung surfactant (LS). The results demonstrated that PVC and PE could adsorb the active components of LS, and their adsorption rates towards phospholipid components reached 49.33% and 47.00%, respectively, which resulted in the increase of surface tension and the inward contraction of the surface pressure area isotherm (π-A) of LS. After interaction with LS, the surface morphology and zeta potential of microplastics were also changed. The absolute values of zeta potential of PVC and PE decreased by 5.61mV and 5.20mV, respectively, which further affected the dispersion state and settling performance of microplastics. Therefore, when microplastics enter the lung environment through the respiratory system, they can not only change the chemical properties of the LS interface, but also affect their own properties, possibly inducing more serious health hazards.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 474-481 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2702KB] ( 379 )
482 Development of portable smartphone powered fluorescence biosensor for sensitive on-site detection of antibiotics
ZHUO Yu-xin, XU Wen-juan, CHENG Yuan, LONG Feng
Combining the principle of laser-induced fluorescence and optical fiber biosensing, a portable smartphone powered fluorescence biosensor was constructed for rapid and sensitive on-site detection of antibiotics in waterby integrating an all fiber optical system, a miniaturized flow sampling system, a highly sensitive micro-photoelectric detection system, and a smartphone based APP software. Taking Norfloxacin (NOR), a kind of the quinolone antibiotic, for example, the detection limit of the proposed biosensor was 0.35μg/L and the linear detection range was 1.6~20.6μg/L under optimized conditions. The established NOR detection method was used for the NOR recovery detection in various spiked water samples. The recovery rate of NOR was 85%~120% and a detection period was less than 15min, indicating that this biosensor could be used for rapid and sensitive on-site detection of NOR in actual samples. Combining emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things, the detection results can be directly uploaded to the environmental monitoring and supervision center according to the set procedures, providing important technology support to achieve early warning and emergency monitoring of water environmental safety.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 482-488 [Abstract] ( 52 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 868KB] ( 372 )
489 Competitive effect and mechanisms for bioconcentration of perfluoroalkyl acids in Daphnia magna
XIAO Lu, ZHANG Shang-wei, CHENG Hao, YU Dan-feng, JIANG Xiao-man, HU Die-xuan, WEN Wu, XIA Xing-hui
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a class of ubiquitous organic pollutants in aquatic environment. The PFAAs can be accumulated in various organisms, and thus induce diverse toxic effects. By studying the bioconcentration of short-chain PFAAs in Daphnia magna under exposure conditions with and without long-chain PFAAs, we herein analyzed the uptake rate constant (ku), elimination rate constant (ke), and bioconcentration factors at steady state (BCFss) of PFAAs in Daphnia magna, and subsequently attempted to uncover mechanisms underpinning the influence of long-chain PFAAs on shorter chain PFAA bioaccumulation. It revealed positive linear associations between ku or BCFss and the numbers of perfluorinated carbon, membrane-water distribution coefficients, protein-water distribution coefficients, and PFAA-protein association constants. Moreover, longer chain PFAAs inhibited the bioconcentration of shorter chain PFAAs, reducing the BCFss to 56%~80%. Such a reduction would be caused by competitive binding to proteins between longer and shorter chain PFAAs.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 489-498 [Abstract] ( 40 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 943KB] ( 322 )
499 Photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by Nitrogen-doped Zinc cadmium sulfide
XIONG Wei, LI Ao-xiang, XIE Jin-xi, YU Han-bo
Nitrogen-doped Zn0.67Cd0.33S materials (denoted as N-Zn0.67Cd0.33S) were successfully prepared using a viable hydrothermal method wherein N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) acted as the nitrogen source. The introduction of nitrogen in N-Zn0.67Cd0.33S was confirmed through morphology and phase analysis employing TEM, XRD and XPS techniques. The photocatalytic degradation performances towards tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) over N-Zn0.67Cd0.33S synthesized by adding 13mL DMF (NZCS-13) were investigated under simulated visible light. The results indicated excellent degradation rates of 99.9% for TC and 86.9% for CIP, with corresponding degradation rate constants of 0.2397 and 0.0676min-1, respectively, which were 2.33 and 2.57 times higher than those of pure Zn0.67Cd0.33S(ZCS). The superoxide radical (∙O2-) was indicated as the primary active species by radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance tests. The enhanced photocatalytic degradation capability was primarily attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated charges, as supported by PL, UV-Vis DRS and electrochemical assessments. In addition, good cyclic stability was certified by 5consecutive degradation experiments.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 499-509 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1833KB] ( 383 )
Environmental Toxicology and Health
510 Charge effects of silver nanoparticles on biotoxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa
YONG Ling-li, CHEN You-peng, GUO Jin-song, FANG Fang, SUN Zhuang-zhuang, YAN Peng
The behavior and biotoxic effects of two silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified by polyethyleneimine (BPEI-AgNPs with positive charge) and citric acid (Citrate-AgNPs with negative charge) on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were investigated to evaluate the surface charge-dependent biotoxicity of AgNPs on M. aeruginosa. A more pronounced suppressive influence on the growth and photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa was observed with the Citrate-AgNPs than with the BPEI-AgNPs. The peak content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 0.5mg/L Citrate-AgNP group (100.8nmol/mgprot) was higher than that in the same concentration BPEI-AgNP group (82.5nmol/mgprot). Compared with BPEI-AgNPs, Citrate-AgNPs demonstrated a significant up- and down-regulation on sod2 and GPX gene expression in M. aeruginosa, resulting in a higher peroxidation in algal cells. The extracellular polymer (EPS) secretion was observed with BPEI-AgNPs, amounting up to 32.21mg/gSS in 0.5mg/L BPEI-AgNP group (16d). Subsequently, the toxicity of BPEI-AgNPs was neutralized by the coating effect of EPS. The final intracellular Ag+ released in the 0.5mg/L Citrate-AgNP group was 2.13 times that of the 0.5mg/L BPEI-AgNP group, and M. aeruginosa cells were seriously ruptured. Therefore, the surge of Ag+ ions triggered severe cellular impairment to cells by Citrate-AgNPs. Furthermore, Citrate-AgNPs significantly inhibited the expression of photosynthesis (rbcS and rbcL) and energy metabolism (por) genes.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 510-519 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 3081KB] ( 395 )
520 Dynamic characteristics of non-spherical particles generated by industrial processes deposited in the respiratory tract
ZHUANG Jia-wei, CHEN Geng-yang, YANG Ru-meng, GUO Zhang-hui, LIU En-hai, DIAO Yong-fa, SHEN Heng-gen
In order to investigate the dynamic characteristics of non-spherical particles from the casting workshops deposited in the respiratory tract of workers, the microscopic morphology of dust particles was obtained by using electron microscopy scanning, the movement patterns of five non-spherical particles in the respiratory tract of G3~G6 and G9~G12 were analyzed by numerical simulations, and the effects of particle shape, respiratory volume, and particle size on deposition distribution of particles were discussed. The results showed that the larger the particle shape factor φ, the particle size or the expiratory volume was, the higher the deposition rate of particles ηtin the respiratory tract was. The smaller the particle shape factor φ was, the more dispersed the deposition distribution of particles in the G3~G6 airways was, and the opposite phenomenon appeared in the G9~G12 airways. Non-spherical particles in the G3~G6 airways were deposited mainly by inertial collisions, and were more strongly obstructed. The difference of deposition efficiency between particles with different shapes was significantly greater than that in the G9~G12 airways, and the difference of local deposition rates was more than 30%. Therefore, non-spherical particles with small shape factors were more likely to be transported to deeper locations in the respiratory tract, posing a greater health risk to workers.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 520-527 [Abstract] ( 43 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1889KB] ( 177 )
528 The compound BDE-47 induces apoptotic mechanisms in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis through both lysosomal-intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
WANG Zhao-ning, CAO Sai, LIU Qian, CUI Xin-yi, ZHOU Bin, WANG You, ZHOU Zhong-yuan
The study was conducted under experimental ecological conditions to investigate the response of the marine toxicological model organism Brachionus plicatilis to the highly toxic tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47). Differential genes and enrichment pathways were analyzed at the transcriptome level and key gene proteins were validated, to reveal the mechanisms and pathways of stress response. The results indicated that (1) compared with the control group, 582 differentially expressed genes were appeared in the treatment group after 24 hours of exposure to 0.08mg/L BDE-47; KEGG annotation showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as ribosomes and apoptosis; the differentially expressed genes were responsible for repairing damage and inhibiting apoptosis in ribosomes and estrogen signaling pathways were significantly down-regulated, while those associated with apoptosis-related MAPK signaling pathways and apoptosis pathways were significantly up-regulated, indicated that BDE-47 stress could induce apoptosis in the rotifer. (2) BDE-47 stress increased the permeability of the lysosomal membrane of the Brachionus plicatilis, and the expression of tissue protease L (Cathepsin L) in the lysosome was significantly increased (P < 0.05), indicating the damage of lysosomal. The ratio of pro-apoptotic/anti-apoptotic factors Bax/Bcl-2 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the Caspase family was activated. After the addition of the Cathepsin L inhibitor leupeptin, the activity of Bax/Bcl-2and Caspase family was significantly inhibited, indicating relief from the apoptotic phenomenon. The results suggested that the release of Cathepsin L caused by lysosomal damage was involved in the apoptosis process of the roundworm. Furthermore, significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidase (POD) were observed in the body of the rotifer, indicating the elevation of ROS caused by lysosomal damage was another way to induce rotifer apoptosis.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 528-536 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1312KB] ( 381 )
Environmental Microbiology
537 Coercive effects of different exogenous Cd(II) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa EPS——Changes in yield, composition, adsorption characteristics and their mechanisms
CHEN Li-yao, LIAN Ze-yang, SONG Wei-feng, DAI Wen-can, YANG Zuo-yi, SUN Meng-ge, HUANG Xiang-wu, BAI Xiao-yan
The effects of anions on the yield and characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa EPS and its performance on Cd(II) adsorption were compared by using CdCl2, CdSO4 and Cd(NO3)2 as stress factors. The results showed that the maximum EPS yield of 214.91mg/g VSS (136.75mg/g VSS in protein content) was observed for Cd(NO3)2 at a concentration of 50mg/L, which was 409.31% higher than that before stress/induction. Under this condition, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cd(II) by the EPS was achieved, which was 50% higher than that before stress/induction. HPLC analysis showed that the changes of amino acids in EPS proteins were closely related to the adsorption characteristics of EPS. The results of 3D-EEM, XPS and FTIR showed that the content of C=O, C-N and N-H in EPS increased, which was conducive to the binding of heavy metals. Through competitive adsorption experiments, it was found that EPS has a higher affinity for Cd(II) than Zn(II).
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 537-547 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1889KB] ( 398 )
548 Effect of zero valent iron on antibiotic resistance gene in nitrifying sludge under 17α-ethinylestradiol stress
WANG Li-li, LI An-jie, ZHANG Chuan-guo
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been widely concerned by the worldwide researchers. However, the effect of zero valent iron (ZVI) on ARGs in nitrifying sludge has been rarely studied. A nitrifying sludge sequencing batch reactor was used to remove 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The effect of ZVI on ARGs in the process of EE2 removal by nitrifying sludge was investigated based on metagenome sequencing, and the potential mechanism was analyzed by combining with the structure of bacterial community. The results showed that the abundance of ARGs increased by 724.42TPM (transcripts per million) during the removal of EE2, and ZVI reduced the increasing trend of ARGs abundance. EE2 and ZVI changed the distribution of ARGs subtypes, but had no significant effect on the types and subtypes amount of ARGs. The abundance of ARGs belonging to high-risk ranks (Q1 and Q2) increased by 555.75, 151.08TPM in the treatment of EE2, but ZVI reduced the resistance risk. Multidrug was the most abundant high-risk (Q1 and Q2 rank) ARGs in nitrifying sludge, accounting for 49.23%. Microbial community was an important driving factor for ARGs in nitrifying sludge. Some bacteria, such as Sphingopyxis, were significantly associated with multiple ARGs positively, and might be the common potential hosts of multiple ARGs. This study provides a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for ZVI to reduce ARGs and resistance risks in the treatment of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants by biological nitrogen removal process.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 548-554 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1594KB] ( 353 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
555 Inequality of PM2.5 exposure and its driving factors in China: Based on Theil index and LMDI decomposition
MA Ben, QIN Lu, XIA Tian-chen
Focused on the main air pollutant PM2.5, this study specifically utilized population-weighted concentration from 2015 to 2021 to create an index of PM2.5 exposure in Chinese cities. We then measured the inequality of pollution exposure using the GINI coefficient and Theil index, decomposing it by city administrative level and province. Finally, the logarithmic mean Divisia index model (LMDI) was selected to analyze the driving factors of PM2.5 exposure and inequality, investigating the socio-economic factors behind their changes. Our finding showed that GINI coefficient remained within 0.2 and decreased over time, implying PM2.5 exposure inequality in China was mild. Inequality in pollution exposure was not observed between cities with different administrative levels, but more prominent among provinces. In general, the pollution exposure by unit source and the energy-saving effect of government green expenditure were the main inhibiting factors of PM2.5, which contributed more than 60% to the pollution exposure level, while government expenditure structure, government expenditure scale, economic development, and population factors increased PM2.5 exposure. However, each factor was heterogeneous among cities at different levels. Over time, inhibitors to pollution inequality, such as pollution exposure by unit source and the energy-saving effect of government green expenditure were weakened, which posed challenges to the pollution control strategy mainly relying on green energy. Based on our findings, we recommended that government should play a more active role in reducing PM2.5 exposure levels and achieving more equalization of environmental public services.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 555-566 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2221KB] ( 403 )
567 Stochastic evolutionary game between governments and enterprises in renewable energy investment in view of dynamic carbon price perspective
LI Yan-mei, YANG Chong, REN Heng-jun, NIU Dan-dan
An evolutionary game model with stochastic payment matrix was constructed by introducing a geometric Brownian motion model to define the dynamic carbon price parameters. We took power generation enterprises in the context of the national carbon market as an example and explored influences of different factors on the evolutionary equilibrium and the decision-making of both government and enterprises. The results showed that the carbon price is an important factor influencing the decision-making of the government and enterprises. When the carbon price is low, the optimal decision of government is to implement rewarding and punitive policies; and the optimal decisions of enterprises are not to make investment; at a high carbon price, the best choice is to refrain from implementing rewarding and punitive policies for government and to implement investment strategies for enterprises. The costs, benefits and carbon emissions of thermal power generation, as well as the costs, benefits and construction costs of renewable power generation, are key factors influencing the strategic choices of governments and power producers. The willingness to invest power generation enterprises has a positive correlation with the strength of rewarding and punitive policy implemented by government. Government's willingness to implement policies has a negative correlation with the strength of rewarding and punitive policies. Short-term increases in the strength of rewarding and punitive policies may encourage the investment of power generation enterprises, but will shorten the time of implementation.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 567-580 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1646KB] ( 338 )
581 Evaluating the effect of Clean Heating Policy Pilot on air quality improvement: A quasi-experimental study based on three batches of pilot cities in China
WANG Yu, LIU Wen-zhang
Based on the balanced panel data of 321 prefecture level cities from 2014 to 2019, the multi-period Differences-in-Differences (DID) approach was used to quantify the air pollution improvement effect of the Clean Heating Policy Pilot (CHPP) in China. The results showed that the CHPP significantly reduced air pollution and improved the air quality of pilot cities. On average, the air quality index (AQI) of the pilot cities was significantly lower than that of the non-pilot cities by 4.12; AQI, PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 decreased by about 5.49%, 11.47%, 12.65% and 35.66% respectively. The result remained consistent after a series of robustness tests. The internal mechanism of the CHPP to improve urban air quality was that the CHPP changed the heating energy structure of urban residents and reduced the emission of sulfide and inhalable particulate matter. Therefore, during the "14th five-year plan" period, it is recommended that the government should expand the implementation scope of CHPP, increase financial investment, promote fiscal expenditure efficiency, reduce the costs of clean energy and promote the universal adoption of clean energy.
2024 Vol. 44 (1): 581-592 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 730KB] ( 407 )
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