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2024 Vol.44 Issue.5,Published 2024-05-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Carbon Emission Control
Emerging Contaminants and Environmental Toxicology
Environmental Health
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2024 Vol. 44 (5): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 96 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 263KB] ( 1201 )
Air Pollution Control
2369 Research progress and prospect of amide in atmosphere
FAN Liang, ZHANG Hai-jie, WANG Wei, LI Jun-ling, REN Yan-qin, GAO Rui, LI Hong, XU Yi-sheng
In the present study, we reviewed the relevant researches on amide over the past few decades. The basic properties, observation and analysis techniques, concentration levels and distribution characteristics, sources and sinks, environmental and health effects of amides have been systematically summarized and discussed. Field observation result indicates that atmospheric amide is predominantly distributed in urban areas. The sources of gaseous amides include not only primary emissions from natural sources and secondary transformations, but also primary emissions from sewage and waste treatment, vehicle exhaust, industrial processes, biomass combustion in catering industries and tobacco smoke. Additionally, gaseous amides can be formed through secondary transformations in artificial processes such as carbon capture and agriculture. The chemical reaction mechanism of secondary transformations primarily involves the oxidation of amines and the reactions of RO2 with NO3 radicals. Atmospheric amides undergo efficient degradation by OH radical during daylight, by NO3 radical during nighttime, and by Cl radical in coastal or industrial regions with high Cl radical concentrations. The detailed degradation mechanism involves the H-atom abstraction by free radicals OH, NO3 and Cl from amide. Moreover, amides have the ability to participate in the new particle formation (NPF) to further affect the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), atmospheric environment and human health. Based on the existing research of amides in the atmosphere, we put forward to improve the detection and analysis methods under the background of air pollution complex, to explore the mechanisms of sources and sinks reactions mechanism, to discover the environmental and health effect in the further researches.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2369-2385 [Abstract] ( 216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1974KB] ( 1315 )
2386 Source apportionment of black carbon in autumn and winter in a southern city of Northern China: Based on the improved black carbon meter model
XIN Zhi-xuan, NIU Da-wei, ZHANG Nan, YANG Wen, KONG Shao-fei, YE Si-hang, ZHAO Xue-yan, HAN Bin
The concentration of black carbon (BC) was measured in Luohe City, southern North China, from September 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, using a 7-band black carbon meter (AE33), and the variation characteristics of black carbon in autumn and winter in Luohe City were analyzed, and the source apportionment was carried out using the improved potassium ion dynamic constrained black carbon meter model. In addition, the effects of fireworks on eBCEC and K+ during the New Year's Day and Spring Festival were analyzed, in order to provide reasonable suggestions for BC pollution control in cities in southern North China. The results showed that the average concentration of eBCEC in autumn and winter was 3.62μg/m3, the concentration in winter (5.17μg/m3) was about 2.4times that the autumn concentration (2.15μg/m3), and the daily concentration of eBCEC revealed a ‘bimodal’ distribution with peaks at 8:00 and 21:00. Using the improved black carbon meter model, it was found that the contribution of BC in autumn and winter was mainly from fossil fuel combustion (74.69±15.63%), followed by biomass combustion contribution (25.31±15.63%), and it was more effective to control the reduction of BC pollution from fossil fuel combustion sources. The average daily concentrations of eBCEC during fireworks and fireworks firing periods such as New Year's Day, Lantern Festival, and Spring Festival were 11.45, 8.42 and 8.12μg/m3, respectively, which were 2.6, 1.9 and 1.8 times of that during non-fireworks and fireworks periods, respectively. The average daily concentrations of K+ during Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, and New Year's Day were 26.11, 16.23, and 5.79 μg/m3, respectively, which were 6.9, 6.3, and 3.6 times of that during non-fireworks and fireworks periods, respectively. The increased rate of K+ concentration during the above fireworks discharge period is significantly higher than that of eBCEC, which will interfere with the results of the constrained model. It is recommended that the data for the fireworks discharge period be excluded when using the model.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2386-2398 [Abstract] ( 129 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5919KB] ( 1266 )
2399 PM2.5 pollution characteristics in the public areas of subway stations with different platform door systems
JI Wen-jing, ZENG Jun-jie, LI Xiao-feng
The characteristics of PM2.5 pollution were investigated for public areas of subway stations equipped with platform screen door (PSD) and platform bailout door (PBD) systems. Air samples were collected from both inside and outside selected subway stations, and the PM2.5 concentration and composition of the samples were determined. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) method was employed to determine the contributions of different sources to PM2.5 in the public areas. The mean PM2.5 concentration in the public areas of PSD stations was considerably lower than that of PBD stations but higher than the ambient PM2.5 concentration. The indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios of elemental Fe and Cu in the PBD stations were 32and 9, respectively, surpassing those in the PSD stations (16 and 4). The source apportionment results were used to categorize the indoor and outdoor sources of PM2.5 in the public areas. The contribution of indoor sources to PM2.5 was 74%, with an elemental concentration of 40.1μg/m3, for PBD stations and 69%, with an elemental concentration of only 18.8μg/m3, for PSD stations. In both types of subway stations, indoor sources contributed over 80% of the heavy metal elements in the public areas. However, indoor sources produced a heavy metal concentration of 17.5μg/m3 in the PSD stations, which was 53% lower than that (36.9μg/m3) in the PBD stations. Therefore, installing a PSD system results in a considerably lower mass concentration and content of heavy metal elements of PM2.5 in public areas of subway stations than installing a PBD system.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2399-2406 [Abstract] ( 188 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1303KB] ( 1368 )
2407 The observation and study on the turbulent flux and transport of CO2 and H2O over suburban areas at the northern part of Qinling Mountains of China
PENG Yan, ZHAO Kui-feng, ZHANG Lu, ZHANG Hong-sheng, LI Xing-min
Based on the data obtained on April 2021 to March 2023 from eddy covariance measurements at aerosol and cloud microphysical characteristics field station over Qinling Mountains, CMA, the characteristics of CO2 and H2O concentration, evaporation, and flux of CO2 and H2O were studied and compared with some urban and suburban sites. The influence of temperature, soil temperature at 5cm depth, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction on CO2 flux were discussed. Furthermore, the total annual CO2 emission/absorption at the northern part of Qinling Mountains was estimated. The result showed that annual mean concentration of CO2 was (404.4±27.9)×10-6, which was significantly lower than those obtained at urban and suburban areas in East China while compared to the values observed at the global atmospheric background stations and the Chinese atmospheric background stations (Waliguan, Qinghai). The monthly mean concentration of CO2 showed bimodal variation with one peak values in February and the other in October, and the minimum concentration of CO2 was observed in June. The diurnal variation of CO2 concentration showed higher in the early morning and midnight, while lower in the midday during four seasons. The annual mean concentration of H2O was 9.44g/m3. And the total annual evaporation was about 1321.5mm with higher values in summer (598.1mm) and lower values in winter (84.7mm). The CO2 flux observed at Chang'an Station showed obviously diurnal and monthly variation. And it showed strong absorption during daytime in four seasons with the maximum values appearing in June (-11.95 μmol/(m2·s)), and lowest values in January (-4.06 μmol/(m2·s)). For the nighttime it showed net emissions with higher values in July and lower in January. The water vapor flux showed relative higher during daytime and close to zero at night. The total CO2 absorption at daytime was about -3047g/m2, and the total emission of CO2 at night was about 2631g/m2 during the observation period. The diurnal and easonal variation of CO2 flux was associate with solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature at 5cm depth, wind speed fluctuations and relative humidity. The result showed that the absorption and emission rate of CO2 at Chang’an station were both increased with temperature, and the respiration of plants was more sensitive to the increased of temperature during nighttime. The negative values of CO2 flux appeared mostly under westerly wind directions during the daytime, which mainly from the area with large coverage of farmland and vegetation. The positive values of CO2 flux at night were both higher under southwesterly and easterly wind directions, which indicating that respiration of plants and anthropogenic emissions were both important to the emission of CO2. In general, the ecosystem of the suburban area with high vegetation coverage in the northern part of the Qinling Mountains was an obvious carbon sink, and the net absorption of CO2 during the study period was about -416g/m2.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2407-2417 [Abstract] ( 124 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2329KB] ( 1297 )
2418 Characteristics of photochemical pollution and sources analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in the regional background station of Hainan
LIN You-jing, YAN Wei-jun, XU Wen-shuai, DU Chuan-dong, WANG Bo-guang, GONG Dao-cheng, LI Qin-qin, SHENG Hui, MENG Xin-xin
The regional background site in Hainan Province is located in the northeastern part of Hainan Province and serves as an important site along the atmospheric transport pathway in tropical regions in China. This study conducted online observations of photochemical pollutants (O3, PAN) and their precursors VOCs from August to December 2021 at the regional background site. The study analyzed the characteristics and trends of photochemical pollution, the composition of VOCs, ozone formation potential (OFP), and chemical reactivity (L·OH), and utilized PSCF and PMF methods to investigate the sources of VOCs. The results indicated that the concentration levels of ambient air pollutants at the regional background site in Hainan were relatively low. However, when northerly winds prevailed as the dominant wind direction, concentrations of various pollutants increased. O3 was generated during the day and accumulated at night under the influence of meteorological conditions, leading to photochemical pollution. The average concentration (volume fraction) of photochemical precursor VOCs during the observation period was 7.21×10-9±4.60×10-9, with concentrations of various types of VOCs ranked from highest to lowest as alkanes>OVOC>aromatics>alkenes>alkynes. Pollutant concentrations were significantly higher during pollution periods compared to clean periods. Analysis of VOCs reactivity revealed that OVOC and alkenes were the main contributors to photochemical reactions. High-value areas of potential sources of precursors, PAN, and O3 during pollution periods were mainly distributed in the developed coastal areas from the Pearl River Delta to the southeast of Fujian. According to the results obtained using PMF source analysis model, this regional background site was significantly influenced by anthropogenic sources, with vehicular exhaust emissions (37.8% to 46.2%) being an important contributor to O3 pollution in Hainan.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2418-2430 [Abstract] ( 180 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2660KB] ( 1471 )
Water Pollution Control
2431 Study on treatment performance of rural wastewater using the improved constructed rapid infiltration system-The influence of hydraulic loading cycle
SUN Qi-ya, WANG Lin, LI Yong-mei
Based on the conventional constructed rapid infiltration (CRI) system, the improved CRI system with non-saturated and saturated layers was constructed. The effects of three hydraulic loading cycles (3, 6 and 12h) on the treatment performance of rural domestic wastewater were investigated when corn cob was added as solid carbon source in the saturated layer, and the microbial mechanism was further elucidated. The results showed that the optimal hydraulic loading cycle of the improved CRI system was 6h. Under the optimal hydraulic loading cycle, the average effluent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 5.40, 0.91, 5.59 and 0.47mg/L, respectively. The effluent water quality index meets the “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18918-2002)” level A standard. The results of microbiological analyses implied that the removal of COD mainly occurred in the non-saturated layer of the system, and the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the main functional microorganisms involved in the metabolism of organics. Nitrification also occurred in the non-saturated layer, and Nitrospirae was the main nitrifier. Functional microorganism Chloroflexi in the saturated layer could degrade corn cobs and provide sufficient carbon source for denitrification process, and carry high abundance of key functional genes for denitrification at the same time, facilitating the denitrification process in the saturated layer. This study can not only provide a basis for the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, but also provide technical support for the improved CRI system to strengthen the treatment of rural domestic wastewater.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2431-2439 [Abstract] ( 119 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1621KB] ( 1284 )
2440 Efficacy and mechanism of inactivation of fungal spores by ultraviolet combined with performic acid process
WANG Jing-yi, WU Ge-hui, Lin Wei, HUANG Ting-lin, WEN Gang
The inactivation efficiency and mechanism of ultraviolet / performic acid (UV/PFA) combined process against two typical pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus flavus) were investigated in this study. It was found that UV/PFA could inactivate 1.21-log of Aspergillus Niger spores and 2.08-log of Aspergillus flavus spores at 8min, and the inactivation efficiency of combined inactivation was higher than the sum of the inactivation efficiency of PFA and UV alone, showing a synergistic effect. The mechanism of combined inactivation was mainly that UV activated PFA to generate strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (·OH) to cause damage to cell membranes, increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species to increase cellular stress, and also facilitated the penetration of PFA into the cell interior, thus enhancing the inactivation efficiency. UV played a major role in the combined inactivation process, followed by ·OH, which contributed 87% and 11% to Aspergillus Niger inactivation and 71% and 27% to Aspergillus flavus inactivation, respectively. In addition, after UV/PFA inactivation, the regeneration time of fungi was delayed and the maximum potential of regeneration growth was inhibited.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2440-2448 [Abstract] ( 129 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1381KB] ( 1117 )
2449 Long-term effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties and microbial metabolism of activated sludge
WANG Yu-chao, YANG Lei, CUI Shen, GUO Lin-kai, LU Hao-Qi, LI Yu-cai, MENG Hong-yan, REN Yong-xiang
In order to reveal the biotoxicity of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) in complex environmental systems, this study used activated sludge as the research target and investigated the long-term effects of NiO NPs (0~200mg/L) on the operational efficacy, sludge performance, and microbial metabolism of sequencing batch reactors. Results indicated that low concentrations (0~50mg/L) of NiO NPs did not have significant effects on activated sludge operational efficacy, and high concentrations (100~200mg/L) of NiO NPs significantly inhibited the removal of ammonia nitrogen and COD by 8% and 20%, respectively. With the increase of the concentration of NiO NPs, the activities of key functional enzymes ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO) in the nitrification process decreased by 55.71% and 62.09%, respectively, and the release amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased by 113.06%. Meanwhile, NiO NPs negatively affected activated sludge flocculation, with an increase in average sludge particle size, loose floc shape, and a slight decrease in flocculation. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed an overall decreasing trend, the intensities of protein-related (N-H, C=O) and polysaccharide-related (C—O, C—C, C—O—C, C-O-H) functional groups weakened at high concentrations, and the intensities of the proteins characteristic peak of three-dimensional fluorescent decreased substantially. However, biodegradation of dead microorganisms and stress response promoted microbial metabolism and tyrosine protein-like substance production in EPS. In addition, the diversity and stability of microbial communities in activated sludge were both affected by NiO NPs. PICRUSt2prediction showed that metabolic pathways related to metabolisms and genetic information processing were both significantly inhibited by NiO NPs. Therefore, NiO NPsaffected nitrification and organic matter removal of activated sludge by altering microbial community structure and metabolic pathways.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2449-2459 [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1905KB] ( 1228 )
2460 Preparation of biochar-based palladium-copper nano-catalysts and optimization of denitrification performance
MO Xiao-xin, ZHANG Li-hao, WU Yu-qing, DONG Yi, ZHU Zong-qiang, ZHU Yi-nian
The biochar-based nano palladium-copper bimetallic catalysts (Nano-PdCu-BC) were prepared by wet chemical- immersion reduction method aiming to break through the current technical bottleneck of efficient treatment of nitrate pollution in water. The influences of catalyst preparation precursor concentration, initial nitrate concentration, current intensity, catalyst dosage and initial pH value on electrocatalytic reduction of NO3-N were investigated in this study. The results showed that the palladium copper bimetal could be successfully loaded on the biochar of bamboo by impregnation and reduction, and the Nano-PdCu-BC bimetal catalyst could be obtained. Under the conditions that the precursor solution is 0.60g/L PdCl2 and 0.15g/L CuCl2, the initial NO3-N concentration is 100mg/L, the current intensity is 220mA, the initial pH value is 7, and the catalyst dosage is 0.80g/L, the removal rate of NO3-N reached 99.68%, and the selectivity of N2 was about 44.25% after 180min. The reaction of Nano-PdCu-BC electrocatalytic reduction of NO3-N conforms to the first-order kinetics with a kinetics constant k-value of 0.034/min. After three cycles of reuse, the removal rate of NO3-N remains above 95%, and the selectivity of N2 remains above 40%. Moreover, the mechanism of electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate by Nano-PdCu-BC bimetallic catalyst was revealed. After adsorption of NO3-N by nano-zero-valent Cu, it was oxidized to CuO, which provided electrons to promote the reduction of NO3-N to NO2-N, and then in synergy with nano-zero-valent Pd to indirectly reduce NO3-N by activating atomic hydrogen (H*) for adsorption, achieving the purpose of reducing NO3-N to NH4or N2.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2460-2472 [Abstract] ( 134 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4901KB] ( 1438 )
2473 Simultaneous dissimilatory reduction of Cr(VI) and nitrate by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in a low-permeability groundwater zone
GONG Yu-feng
Cr(VI) and nitrate were common contaminants in groundwater, which can be transported into low permeability zones thus the remediation issues was ignored. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was used to reduce both Cr (VI) and nitrate in batch and heterogeneous column experiments. Results from batch experiments showed that Cr (VI) reduction was mainly depended on initial biomass concentration, but was hardly affected by concentrations of nitrate and lactate. On the contrary, nitrate reduction was significantly inhibited by Cr(VI). The first-order reduction rate constant of nitrate reduction decreased from 0.635h-1 to 0.164h-1 when Cr(VI) concentration increased from 0 to 0.02mmol/L. At the same time, lactate oxidation rate was also inhibited by high Cr(VI) concentration, which was possible due to the metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was affect by Cr(VI) toxicity. In the column experiment, when the influent Cr(VI) concentration was ≤5mg/L (about 0.1mmol/L), it could be completely removed in 15 days, and about 60% of nitrate was reduced correspondingly. When Cr(VI) concentration increased to 10mg/L (about 0.2mmol/L), about 40% Cr(VI) and 50% nitrate were reduced, respectively. The reduction products trapped within the column for Cr(VI) and nitrate were Cr(OH)3 and ammonia, respectively.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2473-2482 [Abstract] ( 192 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2040KB] ( 1124 )
2483 Removal of Orange G by nitrogen-doped biochar loaded with CuS activated persulfate
CHEN Si-liang, SUN Wen, HONG Yao-liang
In the present study, a composite material of nitrogen-doped biochar loaded with copper sulfide (CuS@NBC) was synthesized using wheat straw and urea via a pyrolysis-coprecipitation method. The physicochemical properties of CuS@NBC were analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and porosity analysis. The prepared CuS@NBC was used for activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade the azo dye Orange G (OG). This study investigated the effect of various parameters, including PDS concentration, CuS@NBC concentration, and initial pH, on OG removal efficacy, as well as the recycling performance of CuS@NBC. The results showed that at an OG concentration of 50mg/L, a CuS@NBC concentration of 0.2g/L, and a PDS concentration of 4mmol/L resulted in the OG removal and mineralization rates of 99.16% and 36.79%, respectively. Effective OG removal was observed within a pH range of 5~9. CuS@NBC maintained an OG removal rate of 75.92% even after five reuse cycles. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and free-radical quenching experiments indicated that O2·- and 1O2 were the primary active oxygen species in the CuS@NBC/PDS system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that Cu+, C=O, -COOH, and graphitic nitrogen on the surface of CuS@NBC were the main active sites for PDS activation. Ion coexistence experiments demonstrated that OG removal was enhanced by Cl-, while NO3- had almost no effect on it and HCO3- and Humic acid (HA) considerably inhibited it. In addition, based on experimental results, a potential activation mechanism for the CuS@NBC/PDS system was proposed.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2483-2494 [Abstract] ( 155 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2136KB] ( 1482 )
2495 Formation of DBPs from EfOM under UV365 and solar irradiation and the variation of their toxicity
XU Yu-xiao, AN Ya-li, CHEN Wen-feng, LI-Chen, HUANG Xu-li, CHEN-Rong, MA Xiao-yan, WANG Na
This study investigated the variation of the disinfection by-products (DBPs) under solar irradiation which formed from chlorination process of dissolved organic matter in wastewater treatment plant effluent (EfOM). Firstly, the photolysis and hydrolysis properties of individual and mixed DBPs under UV365 and solar irradiation were identified, and then the variation of DBPs formed from EfOM chlorination and associated biotoxicities were revealed. The results showed that among the six DBPs formed from EfOM chlorination, bromodichloromethane and 1,1,1-trichloroacetone could be degraded under UV365 and solar irradiation. Their photolysis rates were 0.0072 and 0.0523h-1, respectively, under UV365irradiation, while they were 0.0293 and 0.1551h-1, respectively, under solar irradiation. Their photolysis rate under solar irradiation was greater than that under UV365 irradiation. In the mixed DBPs solution, the coexisting DBPs showed promoting/inhibiting effects under UV365 and solar irradiation. Under UV365 irradiation, the concentration of DBPs (except chloroform) formed from EfOM increased by 16.5%~231.1% along the irradiation time, and the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of chlorinated EfOM increased by 17.0 % and decreased by 5.6%, respectively. However, under solar irradiation, the concentrations of trichloroacetic acid and 1,1,1-trichloroacetone decreased by 36.2% and 82.2%, respectively, while other DBPs remained stable. Moreover, the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of chlorinated EfOM decreased by 35.8 % and 37.7%, respectively. This provides a certain basis for guaranteeing the ecological safety of wastewater treatment plant effluent after discharging into the open water bodies and exposing into the sunlight.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2495-2503 [Abstract] ( 163 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 807KB] ( 1368 )
2504 Study on g-C3N4/Pd/C3N4Bi2WO6 heterostructure and its synergistic degradation mechanism of bezafibrate
YIN Ze, GAO Bo-yi, LIU Yuan-qiang, GAO Ai-fang
A flower-like g-C3N4/Pd/C3N4Bi2WO6 heterostructure with high visible light activity was designed and synthesized by low temperature hydrothermal method utilizing the plasmon resonance effect of noble metal Pd and the photocatalytic synergism of shape-controlled C3N4Bi2WO6. It was found that the composite of Pd/g-C3N4 and C3N4Bi2WO6 significantly enhanced removal efficiency of BZF under visible light irradiation. Further analysis of characterization showed that C3N4Bi2WO6 in g-C3N4/Pd/C3N4Bi2WO6 exhibited a central radiated flower-like nanostructure, which is connected with layered Pd/g-C3N4. The noble metal Pd could be used as the medium for electron transport to promote the formation of Z-type heterostructures between g-C3N4 and C3N4Bi2WO6, which is beneficial to cooperatively enhance the photocatalytic activity. It was confirmed that ·OH was the main active species in degradation of BZF with g-C3N4/Pd/C3N4Bi2WO6 heterostructures by quenching experiments and EPR analysis. Moreover, the LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that hydroxylation with fibrate chain substituent was the main route of BZF degradation.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2504-2513 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2234KB] ( 1359 )
2514 Study on the effect of biochar addition on ammonia emission from constructed wetlands —— Based on the analysis of microbial community assembly mechanism
MIAO Ya-qin, ZHU Wei-hong, SHEN Yu-ting, ZHU Hui
This study investigated the impact and mechanisms of different biochar ratios on the denitrification performance and ammonia emission reduction in surface flow constructed wetlands based on mesocosm simulations. Employing machine learning and “infer Community Assembly Mechanisms by Phylogenetic bin-based null model ” (iCAMP), we further explored the microbiological mechanisms involved. The results indicated that, compared to the control group without biochar, a 50% biochar addition significantly promoted the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Chloroflexi, Rhodocyclaceae), enhanced NH4+-N transformation in the system, and effectively reduced ammonia emissions by 32%. Sensitive microbial species identified by the random forest model, such as Planctomycetes and Parcubacteria, could serve as preliminary indicators for ammonia volatilization flux. The proportion of biochar in constructed wetlands was closely linked to changes in community structure. An increase in biochar ratio led to a clustering of phylogenetic structures and promoted the growth and establishment of specific bacterial communities (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria) related to carbon and nitrogen cycling. This study offers a new perspective on understanding the factors driving microbial communities in constructed wetlands and provides guidance for the practical application of biochar in these ecosystems.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2514-2525 [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4156KB] ( 1185 )
2526 Pollution characteristics and source analysis of short-chained chlorinated paraffins in Lanzhou section of upper Yellow River
CHENG Jing-long, JIA Ning-yi, HU Bai-cheng, GUO Yu-xuan, SONG Shi-jie, ZHAO Yuan, MAO Xiao-xuan
This study investigated the pollution characteristics, sources and ecological risks of SCCPs in the water environment of Lanzhou section of the upper reaches of the Yellow River in 2023 during dry season and wet season. The concentrations of SCCPs in water phase, suspended particle phase and sediment in the study area were 116.04~1057.74ng/L, 1.89~68.93μg/g (dry weight) and 121.65~428.97ng/g (dry weight), respectively. The concentration of SCCPs in the water phase was higher during the wet period than during the dry period, but the concentration of SCCPs in the suspended particle phase was higher during the dry period; the concentration of SCCPs in the sediment was higher in the lower part of the main sewage outlet and the slower part of the river. The sewage discharge in the study area may have increased during the wet period. As to the homologue patterns of SCCPs, C10, C11 and Cl5-7 components occupy the highest proportion. The SCCPs pollution in the study area may be mainly caused by the production and use of CPs products and atmospheric transport, whose pollution contribution rates were 67.21% and 32.79%, respectively. According to the risk assessment criteria of Environment Canada, SCCPs pollution in river water and sediment in the study area did not pose a significant ecological risk, but the high concentration of SCCPs in the suspended particulate phase needs to be paid due attention.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2526-2533 [Abstract] ( 173 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 771KB] ( 1094 )
2534 Effects of sulfate, chloride, and alkalinity on the release of heavy metals in drinking water distribution systems
ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Shan, YANG Min, WANG Long, ZHOU Jun-yang, WANG Zhang-chi, FAN Ming-zhou, LU Jin-suo
Changes of drinking water quality can cause the release of heavy metals in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), resulting in water discoloration and potential risk to human health. In this study, the influences of sulfate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-) and alkalinity on metal release in DWDSs were investigated using static experimental systems, including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), and copper (Cu). The results show that the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) were decreased with the increase of SO42- and Cl-, while the values of turbidity were increased dramatically. Under higher alkalinity, both DO and turbidity were reduced gradually. The release of Fe, Mn, As, and Cu were promoted by SO42- and Cl-. When the concentration of SO42- was 100mg/L, the maximum concentrations of Fe, Mn, As, and Cu in steel pipes were 2.20mg/L, 45.15, 0.74, and 5.41μg/L, respectively. The values in cast iron pipes were 1.06mg/L, 9.31, 0.76, and 5.43μg/L, respectively. Similarly, with the Cl- level of 100mg/L, the concentration of the four metals were highest. However, the increase of alkalinity inhibited metal release. When the alkalinity was increased from 70mg/L CaCO3 to 200mg/L CaCO3, the release of Fe, Mn, As, and Cu at 48h in steel pipes were reduced by 0.38mg/L, 7.60, 0.09, and 2.30μg/L, respectively. Under the same condition, the release of the four metals in cast iron pipes were decreased by 0.44mg/L, 3.73, 0.12, and 1.29μg/L, respectively. Significant differences of Fe and Mn release were observed between steel and cast iron pipes. Nevertheless, pipe materials had fewer influences on As and Cu release. This research can provide theoretical basis and technological support for the control of drinking water secondary pollution.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2534-2542 [Abstract] ( 152 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1295KB] ( 1034 )
2543 Fabrication of Bi-SnO2 electro-catalytic membrane for enhanced removal of carbamazepine in drinking water
WEI Yong, GUO Zi-yin, YUAN Xue-feng, LI Ke-ying, ZHOU Chen, SUN Tian
This study aimed to develop an electro-catalytic membrane for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from drinking water. The membrane was fabricated by depositing nanoscale Bi-SnO2 onto carbon membrane (CM) in household water purifiers. To characterized the membranes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed. The electrochemical performance of the membranes, including oxygen evolution potential, specific capacitance, and impedance, was evaluated using Tafel analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Carbamazepine (CBZ) was chosen as a representative PPCP to assess the electro-catalytic performance of the membranes. The results showed that the particle size of Bi-SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by electrodeposition-hydrothermal method is about 27.2nm, which could be well loaded on the surface of activated carbon filter element, and the electrocatalytic membrane with excellent electrochemical performance was prepared. compared with the base membrane, the Tafel slope increases from 31.09mV/dec to 80.22mV/dec, the electrochemical impedance decreased from 1.03 Ω cm2 to 0.37 Ω cm2, and the specific capacitance increased from 0.689F/g to 2.635F/g. Finally, the degradation effect of carbamazepine was verified by experiments. In the static cycle experiment, the removal rate of CBZ by Bi-SnO2/CM reached 97.3%, the mineralization rate was 59.2% after 1 h, the energy consumption was 123.87kW·h /kgTOC, and ΔTMP was 0.177kPa. In continuous operation, the removal rate of CBZ by Bi-SnO2/CM was 93.7%. The mineralization rate was 35.2%, the energy consumption is 208.33kW·h/kgTOC, and the ΔTMP was 0.613kPa after 1 h. The results showed that the Bi-SnO2/CM electrocatalytic membrane exhibited good electrical conductivity, electrocatalytic activity and stability, and has a good effect on the removal of CBZ.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2543-2553 [Abstract] ( 118 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1040KB] ( 1217 )
Solid Waste
2554 Effect of electric field assistant on the food waste aerobic composting
HE Ying-ying, MIN Bo-lin, XIANG Yuan-kun, LI Hui-ping, XIE Li
The composting trial was conducted with food waste in a small reactor for 32 days to investigate the alterations in extracellular polymers during electric field-assisted aerobic composting. The findings demonstrated that the electric field significantly expedited the biological transformation of organic matter, resulting in 23.1% and 40.8% increases in volatile fatty acids and reducing sugars during the initial stages of composting, respectively. Compared with the control group, the electric field group exhibited a notable increase of 91.4% in fulvic acid-like substances and 82.7% in humic acid-like substances, respectively. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed a significant association between changes in extracellular polymers and the conversion of organic matter. Primarily, protein components within extracellular polymers were identified as potential catalysts for facilitating the interaction between electrons and oxygen, thereby promoting the degradation of organic matter. Simultaneously, the polysaccharide and protein components served as precursors for humus formation, contributing to the humification process. Moreover, the application of an electric field stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymers, suggesting that these polymers could serve as a potential mechanism for enhancing organic matter degradation during electric field-assisted aerobic composting. This study presents a novel approach for regulating the humification process in electric field-assisted aerobic composting.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2554-2561 [Abstract] ( 228 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 953KB] ( 1180 )
2562 Enhanced bioproduction of short-chain fatty acids by ionic liquid during anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
MA Xin-yang, JIANG Xin-yuan, HE Jin-ling, TAI Jun, LIU Ze-qing, ZHOU Yong-quan, ZHANG Ai
The application of anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge is hindered by low production rate of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and inefficient sludge solubilization and hydrolysis. To surmount these challenges, this study used ionic liquid to promote sludge solubilization. Effects of ionic liquid on sludge hydrolysis and SCFAs production were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of ionic liquid [Emim]OTF significantly enhanced sludge hydrolysis, increased SCFAs production, and inhibited gas production. At ionic liquid dosage of 0.1g/g VSS, the maximum SCFAs production was 226.4mg COD/(g TS), which was 3.75times that of the untreated sludge. Analysis of microbial diversity revealed that addition of ionic liquid [Emim] OTF enriched hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria and strengthened the sludge hydrolysis and acidification processes, which in turn led to the increase in SCFAs production.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2562-2567 [Abstract] ( 130 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 792KB] ( 1427 )
2568 Application status and research progress of bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion system
LI Lei, LUO Si-han, YE Wen-jie, SUN Hui, CHEN Yan-zi-yun, WANG Xiao-ming, PENG Xu-ya
This review investigated typical research works related to bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion (BEAD) in the field of biogas production. The configuration and operational principles of the BEAD system were firstly introduced; then, the efficacy and mechanisms of the BEAD system to mitigate process instability and simultaneously to enhance methane generation during anaerobic digestion were discussed; finally, the effects of variable parameters (including applied voltage, electrode material and the spacing of the electrodes) on improvement of the anaerobic digestion system were analyzed. Recent studies revealed that BEAD can enhance methane yield by a factor of 0.15~8.6, and simultaneously the methane content in biogas can also be increased by a factor of 1.2 to 1.6. This improvement can be attributed to the enrichment of functional microorganisms and enhanced electrons transfer efficiency due to adoption of BEAD system, implying that the voltage and electrode material of the BEAD system could be significant parameters on system performance. Nonetheless, full-scale application of the BEAD system encounters economic constraints. Future research work should focus on exploration of intermittent powering, powering by renewable energy, using peak-valley power as supply for the BEAD system. Meanwhile, developing new electrode materials that could enhance microbial enrichment while keep resistant to fouling, and innovating electrode assembly configurations or embedding patterns, are believed to significantly promote the practical applications of BEAD.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2568-2579 [Abstract] ( 204 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1301KB] ( 1366 )
Soil Pollution Control
2580 Strength and leaching characteristics of CGF solidification/stabilization heavy metal contaminated soil
CHANG Rui-qing, YANG Jun-jie, WU Ya-lei, LU Rui-fan
Contaminated soils with different soil types (different proportions of clay, silt and sand) and different composite heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) content were solidified/stabilized by CGF(a solid waste based binder composed of calcium carbide residue(CCR), ground granulated blastfurnace slag(GGBS) and fly ash(FA)), macro and micro tests were conducted to study the strength characteristics, heavy metal leaching characteristics and solidification/stabilization mechanism of the solidified/stabilized contaminated soil. The results show that the strength and leaching concentration of heavy metal contaminated soil solidified/stabilized by CGF were mainly determined by curing time, heavy metal content and soil type; With the increase of curing time, the strength of solidified/stabilized contaminated soil gradually increased, leaching concentration was negatively correlated with curing time, there is a "critical content" of heavy metal, which was controlled by the type of heavy metal ions and the type of soil. The "critical content" of solidified/stabilized Clay contaminated soil at 7, 28 and 90d were respectively 200, 300 and 600mg/kg; the "critical content" of solidified/stabilized Clay, CSSM511 and CSSM111 contaminated soil at 28d were respectively 300, 200 and 200mg/kg, solidified/stabilized CSSM011 contaminated soil didn’t exist "critical content". The mechanism of CGF solidification/ stabilization heavy metal contaminated soil includes the stabilization of heavy metal ions by chemical precipitation, encapsulation, adsorption and ion exchange of the and the stabilization of heavy metal ions by clay mineral in the soil.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2580-2594 [Abstract] ( 173 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5160KB] ( 1499 )
Environmental Ecology
2595 Spatial and temporal characteristics and driving factors of habitat quality in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve
SU Jun-de, ZHAO Xiao-jiong, LI Guo-xia, GUAN Hai-wen
This study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of habitat quality and degradation degree in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve with the help of InVEST model, and used the spatial correlation of local Moran's I method and geographical detector to clarify the hot spot distribution, and the influencing factors and driving mechanism of the spatial and temporal differentiation of habitat quality were deeply discussed. The results indicate the following: the habitat quality gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. From 2000 to 2020, the areas of high habitat quality decreased year by year, while the areas of low and low habitat quality increased significantly. The habitat degradation areas were mainly concentrated in grassland and forest land near the threat sources (cultivated land, construction land, unused land, road); The hot spots of habitat quality were concentrated in the middle of the study area and distributed in a contiguous way. The hot spots in the east and west were mostly divided by cold spots. The area of the hot spots of habitat degradation was small, accounting for 6.72%~8.22% of the total area of the study area, but most of them were in the areas with good ecological conditions; The main driving factors affecting the spatial and temporal variation of habitat quality in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve were altitude, annual NDVI and population, and the relationship among these factors was nonlinear; Habitat quality was significantly positively correlated with average annual NDVI and precipitation, and negatively correlated with population. There were significant differences in habitat quality and degradation degree at different altitude gradients. The habitat quality and degradation degree were lower at the altitude gradient of 1751~2400m, while the habitat quality was higher at the altitude of 2400~2950m, The degree of habitat degradation is also large. In the future regional environmental protection and land resource utilization, further deterioration of habitat quality in low-altitude areas (1751~2400m) should be prevented. While reducing human activities, protection measures against climate change should be strengthened. Meanwhile, special attention should be paid to habitat quality and habitat degradation in middle-altitude areas (2400~2950m) to improve regional health as a whole. The research results can provide reference for the precise formulation of environmental protection strategies and future land use spatial planning in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2595-2605 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2504KB] ( 1471 )
2606 Study on sediment transport potential and contribution of wind-blown sand into Yellow River in Xiliugou Valley and middle reaches of Yellow River Basin
ZHAO Hong-sheng, DANG Xiao-hong, MENG Zhong-ju, LI Wan-jiao, FENG Shuang, GAO Yong
In this study, the Xiliugou sandstorm area, one of the top ten tributaries, was selected as the study area. Through the combination of field monitoring and indoor analysis, the characteristics of wind conditions and sand transport potential in the study area were analyzed. At the same time, the observation of sandstorm flow activities was carried out to measure the sand transport fluxes on different underlying surfaces along the river basin. The results indicated that: (1) The study area is classified as a medium wind energy environment, with an average annual sand-driving wind speed of 6.41m/s, an average annual sand-driving wind frequency of 17.85%, and a maximum wind speed of 11.37m/s. (2) The direction of synthetic sediment transport potential tends to remained consistent at different time scales, primarily in the southeast direction (SE, SSE). The annual variability index for direction belonged to the medium range, and the annual synthetic sediment transport potential direction (RDD) was towards the SSE direction. This directly results in a significant amount of sediment being inputted into the river. (3) The vertical sediment transported fluxes of different underlying surfaces were significantly distinct, with wind-driven sand accounting for 77.09% in moving sand, 15.30% in semi-fixed sand, and 7.61% in fixed sand, respectively. The variation of the vertical line of surface sediment transport rate indicated a strong exponential relationship between the total sediment transport rate of different underlying surfaces and wind speed. Therefore, the relationship between sediment transport rate (qv), duration of sand-driving wind (h), and length of section (dm) is utilized to estimate that the average annual total amount of yellow dust in Xiliugou Basin was approximately 8.09×105t/a. This paper aims to explore the coupling relationship between sand transport rate and wind speed on different underlying surfaces in Xiliugou Basin, in order to provide a data basis for preventing and controlling wind-blown sand into the Yellow River Basin and reducing safety risks caused by it.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2606-2618 [Abstract] ( 187 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2908KB] ( 1368 )
2619 Assessment of the suitable habitat for the Tufted deer (PElaphodus cephalophus) in the Hupingshan National Nature Reserve
LIU Qi, TANG Tao, LI Jian-jun, KANG Zu-jie, YU Gui-qing, YANG Cun-cun
The Hupingshan National Nature Reserve (NNR) has been designated as a location for releasing the South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) into the wild. Assessing the suitable habitat for the South China tiger is the primary task of implementing wild reintroduction. The Tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophos) is one of the three primary prey species of the South China tiger within the reserve. Hence, assessing the distribution of the suitable habitat of the Tufted deer can provide a reference for effectively estimating the suitable area for the South China tiger. Previous studies on habitat selection of the Tufted deer did not consider the impact of climate factors and climate change on its habitat utilization and distribution. The distribution data of the Tufted deer and environmental factors were employed in this study. The MaxEnt model optimized by the parameter combinations was applied to evaluate the distribution of suitable habitats for the Tufted deer under the current (1970~2000a) climate scenario. Then, the distributions of suitable habitats for the Tufted deer under two climate scenarios, SSP126 (the low carbon emission scenario under strict environmental policies) and SSP585 (the high carbon emission scenario under relaxed environmental policies), during the 2050s (2040~2060a) and 2090s (2080~2100a) periods were predicted, respectively. Finally, the suitable habitats for different periods were divided into high, medium, and low suitable levels. The results showed that the contribution of the precipitation of the wettest quarter and the mean temperature of the coldest quarter to the habitat selection of the Tufted deer was 56%. The total area of the high and medium suitable habitats was 486.5km2, accounting for72.9% of the total study area in the current climate scenario. Under the future climate conditions, the total areas of the high and medium suitable habitats were 553.7km2 (2050s) and 597.2km2 (2090s) in the SSP126 scenario, accounting for 83.0% (2050s) and 89.4% (2090s) of the total protected area, respectively. In the SSP585scenario, the total areas of high and medium suitable habitats were 382.0km2 (2050s) and 139.5km2 (2090s), accounting for 57.2% (2050s) and 20.9% (2090s) of the total study area, respectively. Meanwhile, the climate factors were revealed to be the main influencing factors on the habitat selection of the Tufted deer. Furthermore, the different development paths of human beings might induce the variations in the climate conditions, which would pose a significant impact on the distribution of suitable habitats for the Tufted deer. Therefore, recognizing the impact of climate factors and climate change on the habitat selection of the Tufted deer is necessary for the accurate evaluation and prediction of the suitable habitat in the Hupingshan NNR. Findings from this study can provide important references for the protection of the Tufted deer population and the implementation of the wild release plan for the South China tiger.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2619-2629 [Abstract] ( 153 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1158KB] ( 1645 )
Environmental Microbiology
2630 Isolation and identification of epiphytic bacteria from Vallisneria natans and screening of functional strains
LIANG Shu-ya, CUI Chen-chen, HU Si-wen, ZENG Jin, DING Cheng-cheng, CUI Yi-bin, ZHAO Da-yong
In order to explore the functional characteristics of epiphytic bacteria in submerged macrophytes, Vallisneria natans was selected to domesticate the bacterial community in indoor simulated wastewater, screening the rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacteria isolated from V. natans, combined with the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and identification results, 172 strains were isolated, purified and preserved (distributed in 5 phyla, 15 order and 42 genera), including 107 rhizosphere strains and 65 phyllosphere strains. 82 representative strains (distributed in 5 phyla, 30 genera and 47 species) were selected for nitrogen removal, phosphorus solubilization, indoleacetic acid production and organic matter removal function validation experiments. Finally, 10 high-efficiency ammonia nitrogen removal strains, 9 high-efficiency nitrate nitrogen removal strains, 12 strains with high-efficiency inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing ability, 11 strains with high-efficiency organic phosphorus-solubilizing ability, 11 strains of high IAA production and 10 high-efficiency organic matter removal strains were screened. The diversity of cultivable microorganisms in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of V. natans is relatively abundant, the high-efficiency functional strains screened in this study have enriched our cognizance of the resources of epiphytic microorganisms in V. natans, laying the foundation for the development and application of submerged macrophytes synthetic microbial communities.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2630-2641 [Abstract] ( 172 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1841KB] ( 2042 )
2642 Analysis of environmental factors and mechanism of metabolic shift of phosphorus accumulating organisms
LI Lu, SHAO Hong-yu, HUANG ji-hui, NI Min, HUANG Yong, PAN Yang
Phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) are the main functional microorganisms that play the role of phosphorus removal in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Their metabolic behavior determines the stability of the phosphorus removal system and the final phosphorus removal efficiency. In order to adapt to the external environment change, the metabolic mode of PAOs will shift from polyphosphate accumulating metabolism to glycogen accumulating metabolism. On the basis of stoichiometric parameters, the mechanism of the metabolic shift of PAOs were described and the environmental factors that may cause the metabolic shift, such as influent phosphorus concentration, metal ions, pH value, temperature, etc. were summarized in this paper. Also, the reasons for the metabolic shift in different PAOs species were classified and described. This review provides a reference for the application of PAOs in EBPR processes.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2642-2651 [Abstract] ( 178 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 820KB] ( 1277 )
2652 Effect of CO2 on the activity and formation of secondary iron minerals by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
HUANG Hai-tao, GENG Kang-hui, WU Xian-hui, WANG Chong, WEI Cai-chun
The effects of 0.03% (CO2 content in air), 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% CO2 concentrations on the activity of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and the formation of secondary iron minerals were studied using shaking flask experiments to simulate the iron-rich and sulfate-rich environment. The pH, Fe2+ oxidation rate and oxidation rate, total Fe precipitation rate and secondary iron mineral phase-related indicators were analysed. The results showed that when the concentration of CO2 was 3%, the ability of bacteria to oxidise Fe2+ was the strongest and the oxidation efficiency of Fe2+ reached 100% at 72h. At the end of the experiment, the total Fe precipitation rate was the highest, at 42.8%. With the increase in CO2 concentration, the activity of A. ferrooxidans in each system was inhibited. The final minerals obtained in different CO2 concentration systems were all jarosite minerals mixed with a small amount of schwertmannite. An appropriate increase in CO2 concentration is therefore helpful to improve the activity of A. ferrooxidans and promote hydrolysis mineralisation, thus increasing mineral yield. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of acid mine wastewater.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2652-2659 [Abstract] ( 152 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 962KB] ( 1107 )
Emerging Contaminants and Environmental Toxicology
2660 Effects of polylactic acid microplastics on the recruitment of cyanobacteria from sediments
ZHANG Li-xue, TANG Bing-ran, LI Hong
Sediments are important sites for cyanobacteria overwintering, and also be the sinks of microplastics (MPs) and nutrients. In this study, a laboratory experiment was conducted to explore the effects of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs) on the recruitment of dormant cyanobacteria from sediment. Different content (0, 0.05%, 0.5%, 5%, w/w) of PLA-MPs were added to the sediment and then incubated under 15℃, with light intensity of 40μE/(m2·s) for 50days. Results showed that addition of 0.5% and 5% of PLA-MPs significantly increased the concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N (P＜0.05) in the overlying water, which was 61.19 and 84.94 times, 5.80 and 17.01 times higher than that in the control, respectively. This was linked with the increase in the abundances of nitrogen fixation (nifH), nitrification(AOB-amoA、nxrB) and the reduction of denitrification (narG) genes. Besides, the abundance of the phoD gene that involved in organophosphorus mineralization, the oxygen penetration depth in sediment were also decreased with the presence of PLA-MPs, which probably promote the release of sedimentary phosphorus. Moreover, the relative abundance of the cyanobacterial phylum in the water increased significantly with the increase in PLA-MPs content, which was 12.38%, 23.53% and 28.54% higher than that of the control group, respectively, indicating that PLA-MPs promoted the recruitment of sedimentary cyanobacteria. These findings may extend the current understanding of the potential aquatic risk of biodegradable PLA-MPs.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2660-2671 [Abstract] ( 136 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1000KB] ( 1284 )
2672 Occurrence and removal efficiency of microplastics in the upper Yellow River water supply plants
MIN Rui, ZHOU Tian-hong, ZHANG Hong-wei, SONG Shang-jian, LIU Xin, ZHANG Guo-zhen
The abundance, physical morphology, and composition of microplastics＞1μm in a water supply plant were investigated in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the raw water, coagulation and sedimentation, filtration, UV disinfection and terminal effluent were (1964.5±212.5) microplastics/L, (795±136) microplastics/L, (386±21) microplastics/L, (377±20) microplastics/L, and (374.5±13.5) microplastics/L, with an overall removal rate of 80.97%. Microplastics from raw water to terminal effluent were predominantly in the form of fragments of ＜10 μm (89.60%~100%), and their removal efficiency was related to shape and size. 15 different polymer types were identified by laser direct infrared spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy with qualitative analysis. Polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polymethylmethacrylate were mainly manifested. The basis for the presence of microplastics in urban water supplies and the reference for the removal of microplastics during water supply treatment were provided in the experiment.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2672-2679 [Abstract] ( 143 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2199KB] ( 1281 )
2680 NTA-Fe@PDA/H2O2 oxidation for removal of oxytetracycline hydrochloride from wastewater
LIN Jia-wei, SU Bing-qin, LI Xing-fa, WEI Yue-xing, ZHENG Xiao-xiao, ZHANG Xia-ling, SONG Xin-tong, ZHAO Wen-bo
In this paper, polydopamine (PDA) grafted with nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA)and Fe3+ were chelated to form Fenton catalyst. Advanced oxidation process of NTA-Fe@PDA activated H2O2 was used to remove oxytetracyclin hydrochloride (OTC) from wastewater. The material characterization analysis showed that NTA-Fe@PDA was a typical mesoporous structure, Fe successfully chelated with organic ligand, and the polymerization effect of PDA was good. The effects of H2O2 dosage, NTA-Fe@PDA dosage and initial pH value on the degradation of OTC were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the degradation rate of 20mg/L OTC reached 96.23% after reaction for 60min, under the conditions of 5mmol/L H2O2, 200mg/L NTA-Fe@PDA and initial pH 4.85. Free radical quenching experiments confirmed that ·OH was the main free radical for OTC degradation. The possible degradation path of OTC was inferred by LC-MS analysis. The degradation rate of OTC was still above 86.80% after NTA-Fe@PDA was reused for 8times. Fenton oxidation process of NTA-Fe@PDA provided a new idea and technical reference for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2680-2692 [Abstract] ( 143 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2159KB] ( 1135 )
2693 Aminocarboxylate chelated cobalt activates peroxymonosulfate to degrade tetracycline
ZHENG Xiao-xiao, LI Xing-fa, ZHANG Feng, PAN Han-feng, LIN Jia-wei
In this study, a high-quality metal-based heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized using aminocarboxylate as a chelating agent.A composite catalyst (CSI-Co) was fabricated by chelating the metal cobalt with aminocarboxylate tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS) and grafting it onto chitosan (CS) at room temperature and under acidic conditions (pH~6).The results of EDS, FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that CS and IDS were successfully grafted to form amide bonds and Co was also successfully chelated to the composite material. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was degraded by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by CSI-Co.Under the conditions of 10mg/L TCH (initial pH~5.21), PMS dosage of 400mg/L,and CSI-Co dosage of 200mg/L, the degradation rate of TCH was 98.52 % after 10min reaction, and the degradation rate was still 74.16 % after repeated use for 4times.It also has good catalytic effect in a wide pH range (3~11) and in the presence of multiple anions (HCO3-, HPO42-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3-) and humic acid(HA), indicating its excellent catalytic performance. The active species in the reaction system were identified by free radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. It was confirmed that the main active species in the degradation of TCH by PMS/CSI-Co system was singlet oxygen (1O2), and a small amount of sulfate radical (SO4·-) and hydroxyl radical (HO4·) were involved in the degradation. The results provide a new idea for the preparation of metal-based heterogeneous catalysts, indicating that the prepared CSI-Co has potential in persulfate catalytic reaction and antibiotic removal.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2693-2703 [Abstract] ( 110 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1848KB] ( 2121 )
2704 Preparation of metal chelated Fenton-like catalysts used for tetracycline degradation
LI Xing-fa, LIN Jia-wei, ZHEN Xiao-xiao
A solid-phase iron-based chelating Fenton-like catalyst was synthesized by grafting the chelating ligand amino carboxylic acid onto dopamine, followed by chelation with a metal. Experimental studies using H2O2 as the oxidant for the catalytic degradation of antibiotics revealed that the system could effectively remove tetracycline, achieving over 87% removal within a pH range of 3 to 10, with a maximum efficiency of 95.02%. The system maintained an impressive removal efficiency of 86.47% for tetracycline even after seven rounds of reuse. Despite the presence of anions such as Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42-, and HPO42-, and in various water matrices including ultrapure water, tap water, river water, and lake water, the catalytic degradation system consistently delivered favourable outcomes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and biological toxicity assessments disclosed that the degradation of tetracycline occurred through three distinct pathways, where the toxicity of the intermediate products initially increased before decreasing to nontoxic and harmless levels. This catalyst preparation strategy was further extended to develop cobalt-based catalysts, which exhibited a remarkable 98.52% removal efficiency for tetracycline within a 10minute reaction period when using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as the oxidant.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2704-2713 [Abstract] ( 139 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1112KB] ( 1357 )
2714 Dietary risk assessment based on the probability distribution of fluopyram residues
HAN Wen-hao, ZHANG Ming-hao, LIU Feng-jiao, CHEN Yi-fu, CHENG You-pu, WU Yan-bing, CHEN Zeng-long
The exposure risk of fluopyram in cucumber was comprehensively evaluated for different dietary consumption groups in China based on its residual characteristics. A rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of fluopicolide in cucumber, with limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.001mg/kg and retention time of 2.6 min. The half-lives of fluopyram in cucumber was 2.6~6.7d, indicated it was an easily digestible pesticide. The final levels of fluopyram was < LOQ~0.130mg/kg, which were lower than the maximum residue limit standard of China and the world. Probabilistic and deterministic models showed that fluopyram did not pose an unacceptable short-term dietary risk to Chinese dietary consumers (%ARfD, 0.081%~2.527%), whereas there was an unacceptable long-term dietary risk (%ADI, 105.740%~ 528.147%), of which cucumber accounted for 0.325%~1.107%. In addition, the long-term dietary risks of children aged 2~6 years (367.156%~528.147%) were significantly higher than that of other age groups (334.940%~105.740%) (p＜0.05). In summary, we should further focus on the negative effects of fluopyram exposure under multiple exposure pathways and joint risk amplification in the follow-up study, especially for vulnerable children.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2714-2723 [Abstract] ( 132 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 677KB] ( 1108 )
2724 Toxic effects of bisphenol AF on cardiovascular and nervous systems in marine medaka larvae
ZHOU Tian-yang, CHEN Yue-bi, GAO Jia-hao, WANG Zhong-duo, GUO Yu-song, DONG Zhong-dian
To assess the toxic impacts of bisphenol AF (BPAF) on the growth and development of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae and whether these effects could recover when environmental restored, the larvae were exposed to BPAF at the concentrations of 7.96 and 82.91μg/L for 7 days, followed by a 7-day recovery in BPAF-free seawater. The survival, growth, heart rate, and swimming behavior, as well as transcription levels of genes related to nervous, cardiovascular, and antioxidant system, were examined. The results showed that exposure to 82.91μg/L BPAF significantly reduced the survival rate; exposure to both of 7.96 and 82.91μg/L BPAF significant inhibited the growth, swimming behavior, and heart rate. After a 7-day recovery, the growth of the larvae recstored, but swimming behavior and heart rate remained suppressed. The results of gene expression analysis showed that, exposure to 7.96μg/L of BPAF significantly downregulated the expression of the neurological gene ache (30%), cardiovascular gene tbx2b (47%), and antioxidant system gene cat (56%), with the inhibitory effects on achee and cat dissipating following recovery; exposure to 82.91μg/L of BPAF significantly reduced the expression of neurological genes syn2a (80%), shha (58%), xdh (59%), gap43 (47%), and elav13 (54%), as well as cardiovascular genes atp2a1 (44%), crhr1 (84%), tbx2b (60%), arnt2 (32%), and tbx6 (68%); following a 7 day recovery, elav13 normalized while gap43 was upregulated, and antioxidant genes cat, sod, cox, and gpx were decreased by 61%, 71%, 51%, and 53% relative to controls. This study provides important data for the assessment of marine ecological risks of BPAF and the establishment of water quality standards.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2724-2732 [Abstract] ( 155 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1480KB] ( 1585 )
2733 Effects and mechanisms of Bisphenol G on the neurobehavior of zebrafish
LIU Zai-teng, LUO Lin-jie, WANG Tian-cai, WANG Xing-yu, QIU Jing, MU Xi-yan, JIANG Jing-zhe
This work evaluated the chronic toxic target and mechanism of bisphenol G (BPG) toward adult zebrafish through chronic exposure. The results showed that BPG exposure resulted in abnormal behavior of zebrafish. In the 50μg/L BPG exposure group, the zebrafish moving distance and switching frequency between the upper and lower zones were significantly reduced, and the accumulative time at the bottom was increased by 22.7%. Both 5and 50μg/L exposures significantly changed the social behavior of zebrafish, with increased social distance by (126.8% and 151.2% of control, respectively), reduced contact time (80.1% and 73.7% of control, respectively), and showed significant anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment. Section staining showed injured brain structure and intestinal villi, as well as increased intestinal goblet cell and mucus secretion, indicating potential intestinal inflammation and the development of neurological diseases. Further targeted metabolomics revealed disordered levels of neurotransmitters in the gut and brain, with significant changes in levels of tryptophan, GABA, glutamine, norepinephrine, choline, and histamine. Enrichment analysis of the KEGG pathway showed that phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; arginine biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were mainly affected pathways and with gender discriminations. These pathways regulate zebrafish behavior by interfering with the transport and homeostasis of neurotransmitters. In conclusion, BPG induced significant neurobehavioral toxicity and neurotransmitter disorder in the brain and intestine of zebrafish, and the gut-brain axis may be involved in mediating this effect. Key word：bisphenol analogs；bisphenol G；neurotoxicity；Intestinal metabolism；neural behavioral impacts
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2733-2741 [Abstract] ( 145 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2547KB] ( 1331 )
2742 Combined toxicity interactions and contribution of three N-DBPs to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67
GUI Yi-xin, ZHANG Jin, ZHANG Ying, ZENG Jian-ping, CHEN Ru-li
Three nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs), bromoacetonitrile (BAN), dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) and dichloroacetamide (Dichloroacetamide, DCAM), were selected as research objects, and three binary mixture systems (BAN-DBAN, BAN-DCAM, DBAN-DCAM) and one ternary mixture system (BAN-DBAN-DCAM) were designed by the direct equipartition and uniform design ray methods, respectively. The time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis (t-MTA) was used to systematically determine the toxicity of the three N-DBPs and their mixture systems against Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67, Q67. A concentration addition (CA) model was applied to analyze toxicity interactions within mixtures, and the dose reduction index (DRI) method was used to characterize the contribution of individual components to the combined toxicity interactions. The results showed that the concentration-effect curves of BAN, DBAN and DCAM on Q67 were "S"-shaped with obvious acute toxicity, and the long-term toxicity was higher than the acute toxicity. BAN-DCAM mixture showed antagonism, the BAN-DBAN showed synergism, while the DBAN-DCAM and BAN-DBAN-DCAM appeared both antagonism and synergism. The three binary mixture systems, except BAN-DCAM, showed synergistic effects with different intensities at the early stage of exposure. In the BAN-DBAN-DCAM system, DRImax, DBAN (=258.706)＞DRImax, BAN (=38.166)＞DRImax, DCAM (=2.658), so the contribution degree of the three N-DBPs to the synergistic effects was presumed to be followed by DCAM＞DBAN＞BAN.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2742-2753 [Abstract] ( 151 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3230KB] ( 1241 )
Environmental Health
2754 Exposure risk assessments and environmental impacts of surface ozone in Chongqing during 2015~2022
LUO Yu-qian, CHEN Jing, HAO Yu-hang, HUANG Wei, WAN Feng-lian, TIAN Mi
To comprehensively evaluate the potential health and environmental impacts of surface ozone (O3), along with its role in the secondary aerosol formation, long-term variations of O3 in Chongqing during 2015~2022 were examined in this study. Risk assessments of long-term O3 exposure on health, economy and vegetation were comprehensively characterized by multiple indices, with a specific focus on the exposure risk assessments of short-term persistent O3 pollution, as well as its potential impacts on the nocturnal nitrate formation. Results indicated that an overall upward trend was exhibited in the surface O3 in Chongqing in recent years, with the nocturnal O3 levels increased gradually. Especially, the surface O3 exceedance in spring should be paid more attention. Generally, all the long-term O3 exposure risk indices were ascended during 2015~2019 and subsequently decreased with fluctuations. The corresponding exposure risks of short-term persistent O3 pollution were increased significantly in comparison to both pre- and post-pollution periods. The production rate of NO3 (PNO3) might be intensified by the elevated nocturnal O3, thereby promoting the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 and the nocturnal nitrate formation. This phenomenon was pronounced in pollution episodes, specifically under high relative humidity conditions. This signifies the importance to further investigate the nocturnal O3 related exposure risks and impacts on the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2754-2765 [Abstract] ( 156 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2212KB] ( 1467 )
2766 Analysis of aerial pollen and allergic rhinitis in Ordos region
HAO Yu-zhu, GUO Chun-yan, WANG Jia
The pollen concentration, the number of AR patient visits, and meteorological data from April 1, 2017 to September 30, 2022 in Ordos were selected for statistical analysis in this study. There were two peak periods of pollen concentration in Ordos City, namely from April 1st to April 30th and from July 20th to September 10th, and among them, the impact of summer and autumn pollen was more severe, and AR patients mainly occurred in August. From 2017 to 2022, the annual average pollen concentration showed a decreasing trend year by year, and the number of days pollen concentration exceeded the standard decreasing from 76 to 38 days, while the number of AR patient visits did not decrease every year. Through research on the effects of pollen, the number of AR patient visits, and meteorological factors, the following results were presented. The Vegetation coverage was positively correlated with pollen concentration, and the pollen contribution rate of the vegetation index was 38.3%, the higher the relative humidity,the shorter sunshine hours, the lower wind speed, the better the vegetation growth, and the higher the pollen concentration, and the influence of meteorological factors contributed 46.3% to the variation of pollen concentration, vegetation and meteorological conditions are the main factors leading to changes in pollen concentration. However, the outbreak of pollen concentration is related to the accumulation of accumulated temperature, surface accumulated temperature and sunshine hours, and the accumulated temperature, surface accumulated temperature and sunshine hours should need to reach the conditions of 1958℃, 2296℃ and 757h respectively. When the pollen concentration sensitization threshold reached 80grains/1,000mm2, the AR patients showed a doubling after 2days. Based on the response relationship between pollen concentration and AR patients, a model of pollen concentration change was constructed to estimate the number of patients, which could provide important basis for the prevention of local medical treatment and environmental departments in advance. Key word：number of visits for allergic rhinitis；peak pollen concentration period；number of days when pollen exceeds the limit；correlation research
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2766-2776 [Abstract] ( 145 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 6078KB] ( 1060 )
2777 Experimental study on the inactivation of bioaerosols by dielectric barrier discharge combined with Ag-Cu/TiO2-CS composite photocatalyst
ZHAO Lu-yao, ZHANG Jia-li, ZHANG Ke, LI Yan-peng
Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger were selected as model organisms to prepare typical bacterial and fungal aerosols, respectively. A chitosan (CS)-modified Ag-Cu/TiO2-CS composite photocatalyst was synthesized via the sol-gel method. The efficacy of this photocatalyst, in conjunction with a custom-built cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, was assessed for bioaerosol inactivation. The study examined the impact of initial concentration, discharge power, and the synergy between photocatalytic and plasma treatments on bioaerosol deactivation. Mechanistic insights were garnered through SEM analysis, as well as extracellular protein and electrolyte assays. The optimal bactericidal effect was achieved with an Ag and Cu doping ratio of 2:2mol%, resulting in a 0.61-lg reduction in E.coli viability within 10.5seconds. Compared to standalone DBD treatment, the combined approach significantly enhanced bacterial and fungal inactivation rates to 2.89-lg and 2.87-lg, respectively, under a 60W condition, and substantially inhibited bioaerosol revival. Post-inactivation, the revival rates of bacteria and fungi were reduced to -3.40-lg and -3.39-lg, respectively, within 48 hours, underscoring the enhanced efficiency of the synergistic treatment.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2777-2785 [Abstract] ( 136 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1940KB] ( 1222 )
Carbon Emission Control
2786 The spatial transition of “production-living-ecological” space in Beijing and its effect on carbon storage under the perspective of human-land relation
PARUKE Wusimanjiang, AI Dong, JI Zheng-xin, DUAN Wen-kai, WANG Nan, HAO Jin-min
Since the carbon storage effect and spatial differentiation characteristics of "production-living-ecological" space transformation were the important basis for guiding regional land spatial development and ecological environment protection, the spatial distribution pattern and transformation characteristics of "production-living-ecological" space in Beijing were analyzed by using dynamic attitude model and change trajectory method based on the theory of man-land relationship, while the spatial differentiation characteristics of carbon storage in Beijing from 1980 to 2020 and the influence of "production-living-ecological" space transformation on carbon storage were revealed by means of InVEST model and contribution rate of ecological environment quality. The results showed that: ① In the development stage of human civilization, the two modes of transformation, artificial induction and natural transformation convey a mutual succession trend; ②From 1980 to 2020, the spatial structure of "production-living-ecological" space in Beijing was mainly ecological space, and the agricultural production space was decreasing continuously, while the urban living space was mainly distributed in the six districts of the main city; ③ During the past 40 years, "production-living-ecological" space had undergone drastic spatial transformation, and the transformation and changes caused by human activities accounted for 92.68% of all the transformation and changes; ④ From 1980 to 2020, the high-value areas of carbon storage in Beijing were distributed in ecological conservation areas, and the main reason for the increase of carbon storage was the shift of agricultural production space and grassland ecological space to woodland ecological space. On the contrary, the occupation of ecological space by urban and rural living spaces was the main reason for the decrease of carbon storage.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2786-2798 [Abstract] ( 157 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1900KB] ( 1369 )
2799 The evaluation of the livestock and poultry production of carbon emissions in China based on life cycle assessment
MA Yu-qing, CAO Ding-ge, LUO Wen-hai, LI Guo-xue, ZHANG Wei-feng, LI Yang-yang
Due to the lack of carbon emission accounting methodology in China's livestock and poultry industry, it is difficult to meet the needs of the evaluation of the livestock and poultry production of carbon emissions in China. The accounting method of this paper referred to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) national greenhouse gas inventory guidelines and life cycle assessment (LCA). The carbon emission rate was based on the Meta-analysis data of domestic livestock and poultry breeding literature research and the relevant data in the Ecoinvent database (GABI 10SOFTWARE), the default value or reference value of the emission factor was re-determined, and the carbon emission accounting method for the whole life cycle of livestock and poultry' feeding-clearing-storage-waste treatment' was constructed. The results show that the carbon emissions of livestock and poultry breeding industry mainly come from manure treatment and energy consumption. For ruminants, the emissions from intestinal fermentation in feeding are the most important sources. Through the error transfer equation analysis, the uncertainty of the method is low, and the method can be realized.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2799-2810 [Abstract] ( 219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1406KB] ( 2460 )
2811 Emission inventory of rural civilian sources surveyed in households and the emission reduction effects of clean energy policies
WANG Chen, BAO Ai, LIU Jun, ZHOU Xin, ZHAO Xiang-yi, PENG Li, WANG Yu, AN Hao-wen, TANG Xiao-long, YI Hong-hong
Based on the energy consumption model established by the national rural domestic fuel consumption survey data, this study simulated the coal and biomass consumption level at the county level in 2015, and constructed the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emission inventory of rural domestic energy. On this basis, 2025 is taken as the policy effect year to evaluate the emission reduction effect of the clean transformation of rural living energy. The results show that the consumption of coal and biomass fuel by rural residents in 2015 was 169.5Mt and 242.0Mt, respectively. The resulting emissions of PM2.5, VOCs, SO2, NOx, CO and CO2 were 2.91Mt, 1.98Mt, 2.39Mt, 524.3kt, 43.0Mt and 642.9Mt respectively, among which Hebei Province was the highest emission province. By 2025, the total emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in the no-policy scenario will be reduced by about 15% compared with 2015, and in the northern heating region, where the role of clean transition policies is most obvious, compared with the no-policy scenario, The emissions of PM2.5, VOCs, SO2, NOx, CO and CO2 were reduced by 76.0%、76.7%、75.6%、55.4%、76.6% and 43.2% , respectively, which has an ideal pollution reduction effect.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2811-2822 [Abstract] ( 156 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1936KB] ( 1502 )
2823 Comparison of carbon emission intensities across different urban passenger transport modes
TIAN Pei-ning, ZHANG Hao-xiang, MAO Bao-hua, ZHANG Shu-jing
To compare the carbon emissions levels across various urban passenger transport modes, we proposed a comprehensive evaluation index and developed a detailed calculation model for urban passenger transport carbon emission intensity. Through the application of Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction, we discerned significant variances in carbon emission intensities among different urban passenger transport modes. Additionally, the k-means clustering method was further employed to examine the carbon emission intensity across urban rail transit (URT) of different operational mileages. The findings revealed: (1) Both RPCF (Rated person-kilometer carbon emission factor) and APCF (Actual person-kilometer carbon emission factor) indicators were effectively to assess the carbon emission intensity of urban passenger transport modes, yet a significant and non-negligible difference between these two indicators was observed. (2) When average levels of RPCF and APCF were examined, urban public transport was shown to have a clear low-carbon advantage over private transport. The average values of RPCF were determined in descending order for gasoline cars, electric cars, diesel buses, natural gas buses, URT and electric buses, recorded as 40.69, 21.26, 14.86, 11.63, 8.81 and 5.28gCO2/(person·km) respectively; whereas APCF averages were identified in descending order for gasoline cars, electric cars, URT, diesel buses, natural gas buses and electric buses, noted as 113.02, 59.06, 43.14, 42.47, 33.24 and 15.07gCO2/(person·km). Compared to RPCF, the low-carbon advantage of URT's APCF was diminished. (3) URT and diesel buses were not observed to have a low-carbon advantage over electric cars. Natural gas buses and electric buses exhibited a significant low-carbon advantage compared to URT, with electric buses being identified as the most carbon-efficient mode and gasoline cars as the least. (4) URT with higher operational mileage was shown to have a greater low-carbon advantage compared to that with lower mileage. URT with operational distances of 0~70, 70~200, 200~400, 400~600 and 600~800 km had their APCF measured as 86.03, 57.43, 51.71, 34.11 and 33.41gCO2/(person·km).
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2823-2832 [Abstract] ( 174 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1379KB] ( 1404 )
2833 Power system optimization with energy storage and carbon neutrality scenario analysis of China
FAN Shi-jia, XU Guang-qing, ZHAO Qing, WU Jing-yi
To achieve carbon neutrality, a new type of power system with new energy as the main body needs to be built on the supply side, and the electrification rate needs to be improved on the demand side. Simultaneously, the integration of new energy sources necessitated the construction of energy storage facilities. In this study, the NEMO-China energy system model was built based on the LEAP-NEMO framework, and the cost of the power system was optimized. The baseline scenario was set with high carbon sink capacity expectations and the retention of coal-fired power as a backup, then the demand-oriented, supply-oriented, and Comprehensive scenarios were set according to different development pathways. China's terminal energy demand, power system operations, cost, and CO2 emissions were simulated from 2020 to 2060. Results indicated that carbon peaking was achieved as scheduled. Achieving carbon neutrality in the Baseline scenario required support from CCUS and negative carbon technologies. The demand-oriented scenario incurred high costs and did not achieve cost-effectiveness. In the supply-oriented scenario, achieving carbon neutrality was challenging with low expectations for carbon sink capacity, necessitating simultaneous efforts in deep decarbonization on the supply side and deep transformation on the demand side. The comprehensive scenario achieved carbon neutrality with the lowest cumulative costs and carbon emissions, making it the ideal pathway for future carbon neutrality. Encouraging industrial transformation and increasing electrification rates on the demand side, while promoting the penetration of renewable energy and the development of energy storage technologies on the supply side, are necessary for the future.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2833-2846 [Abstract] ( 167 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3498KB] ( 1230 )
2847 HCFC-142b emission inventory in North China plain and environmental impact analysis
ZHANG Da-yu, WU Jing, WANG Tong, LIU Ze-hua, HU Dong-mei, PENG Lin
The North China plain was selected as research region, the emission factor method was used to establish the HCFC-142b emission inventory from 2000 to 2060, its spatial distribution characteristics were discussed, and the sensitivity analysis of emission results was carried out for different sectors. The results showed that the cumulative emissions of HCFC-142b from 2000 to 2019 were 34.0kt in this region. Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan had the largest emissions, with cumulative emissions of 595.1t, 267.6t and 196.5t, respectively. Emissions from XPS was largest, followed by ICR. The most sensitive factors were initial emission factor and equipment disposed rate in XPS and ICR sector, respectively. The projected emissions show that under the control of the Montreal Protocol, the cumulative emission reduction potential of North China will reach 151.9kt (9.9kt CFC-11-eq; 350.9mt CO2-eq) from 2020 to 2060.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2847-2852 [Abstract] ( 151 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1052KB] ( 973 )
2853 Analysis of carbon emission decoupling effects in the five growth poles of the Yellow River Basin based on GDIM decomposition
CHEN Rui-min, MA Xiao-jun, LI Yi-liang
Based on provincial-level energy balance sheets, a top-down estimation method was adopted to calculate the carbon emissions of the five major growth poles in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2020. The expanded generalized Divisia index decomposition method (GDIM) was utilized to decompose the driving factors of carbon emissions in the five major growth poles. Combining the GDIM decomposition method with the traditional decoupling model, a new decoupling index model was constructed to deeply investigate the decoupling effects of carbon emissions in the five major growth poles, scientifically quantifying the decoupling contributions of various factors. The results indicated that the total carbon emissions in the five major growth poles of the Yellow River Basin showed a trend of initial growth followed by a decline, while the carbon intensity in the five major growth poles generally exhibited a decreasing trend, with a reduction exceeding 63%. The impact of various factors on carbon emissions in the five major growth poles varied significantly. Technological scale and output scale were the main factors causing carbon emissions to increase, while technological carbon intensity was the primary factor inhibiting the increase in carbon emissions. Energy consumption carbon intensity and energy intensity had significant potential for reducing future carbon emissions. Except for the "Ji"-shaped metropolitan area in the Yellow River Basin from 2015 to 2020, which did not achieve decoupling, the other stages saw some decoupling achievements in the five major growth poles. Notably, the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration exhibited a strong decoupling effect from 2010 to 2015, with a decoupling index value reaching 1.6126. Technological carbon intensity and output carbon intensity were the dominant factors determining decoupling of carbon emissions in the five major growth poles. Drawing from these findings, the following policy measures were proposed: formulating tailored carbon emission reduction policies, intensifying support for the research and application of low-carbon technologies, and continuously optimizing the energy structure.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2853-2866 [Abstract] ( 184 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1650KB] ( 1066 )
2867 The spatial correlation network structure and formation mechanism of carbon emission performance: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
LIN Ming-yu, CUI Xing-hua
This study had taken cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2019 as the research object. It quantitatively analyzed the spatial correlation strength of carbon emission performance in the region by introducing a modified gravity model. Furthermore, it explored the structural characteristics and formation mechanism of the spatial correlation network using social network analysis model. Research shows that: (1) The overall carbon emissions performance of cities in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Belt was showing an upward trend, with obvious Matthew and radiation effects. The overall spatial correlation strength is not high, and there is a trend of weakening. The connectivity and robustness of the spatial network structure are strong, and the redundant paths of the network are gradually decreasing, but do not have the characteristics of strict hierarchy. (2) From the characteristics of different river basins, the urban clusters in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are in a relatively central position in the spatial network, playing a leading role in the carbon emission performance spatial network of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, while the urban clusters in the upstream region are in a relatively disadvantaged position, playing a central and transmission role. (3) From the perspective of spatial correlation module, the carbon emission performance spatial correlation module of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt can be divided into "net spillover", "net benefit", and "bidirectional spillover" modules. Within the module, there is a clear clustering and spatial correlation effect between cities, and there is also a clear synergy and spatial spillover effect between each module. (4) From the perspective of impact mechanisms, spatial adjacency relationships, climate change differences, transportation infrastructure differences, population size differences, and energy structure differences play an important role in the formation and evolution of the spatial correlation network structure of carbon emissions performance in cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2867-2878 [Abstract] ( 122 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2650KB] ( 1511 )
2879 Study on decarbonization properties and mechanism of composite adsorbent with modified biochar based on MOFs
WANG Chen-xing, JIA Li, LIU Qing-rui, WANG Yu-ying, CHENG Peng, QIAO Xiao-lei, NIE Hao-tian, JIN Yan
In order to further explore high performance MOFs-based CO2 composite adsorbents, firstly, biochar was modified by doping Ce, Cu, Mn, and Co multi-metals, and on the basis of exploring the optimal preparation method, Mg-MOF-74modified biochar composite adsorbents were prepared by structural design based on the basic properties that biochar and Mg-MOF-74 contain unsaturated metal sites and oxygen-containing functional groups together. On the basis of obtaining the composite adsorption properties of Mg-MOF-74 modified biochar, the coupling and synergistic mechanisms among the loaded multi-metals, MOFs materials and biochar were investigated, and the microscopic properties such as pore structure, surface functional groups and crystalline structure of the samples were studied by various characterization methods. The decarbonization mechanism of the composite adsorbent was also investigated by combining adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics and elemental valence changes. It was found that the sol-gel method is favorable for the preparation of modified biochar. The loaded multi-metals existed as metal oxides in the modified biochar, and the oxidized edge lattice defects introduced oxygen-containing functional groups to the modified biochar, and the best results were obtained for the 10% Fe+4% Ce+2% Cu sample with an adsorption capacity of 1.53mmol/g. The adsorption of CO2 by the composite adsorbent was the result of the combined effect of physical and chemical adsorption, and the MOFs material optimized the pore structure of the composite adsorbent. The pore structure of the composite adsorbent was optimized by the MOFs material, and the chemisorption occurred on the surface of the modified biochar due to its graphite microcrystalline structure and doped multi-metal modification, the composite of the two played a mutually promoting and synergistic role in the decarbonization process, so that the adsorption performance of the composite adsorbent was significantly improved. The improvement was 230.7% and 75.7% compared to modified biochar and Mg-MOF-74, respectively.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2879-2892 [Abstract] ( 148 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5576KB] ( 1586 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
2893 Evaluation of soil environmental capacity under different land use patterns
WANG Xia, CANG Long, WANG Yu-jun
The soil environmental capacity of pollutants in development land is complicated due to complex land use patterns and the need of protect diverse target receptors including human health, groundwater and soil organisms, with limited related studies. This paper classified different land use patterns of development land from the perspective of soil function and environmental risk to these receptors. Evaluation methods of soil environmental thresholds and soil environmental capacity were established based on the different sensitive receptors under different land use patterns. On this basis, using Cd as model pollutant, the soil environmental capacity under different land use patterns in red soil region of China was calculated, and the evaluation method of site soil environmental capacity was further verified. The calculated soil Cd environmental capacity of park land, residential land, industrial and mining land and commercial service land were 11.68kg/hm2, 28.89kg/hm2, 40.84kg/hm2 and 40.84kg/hm2, respectively. This study provided baseline methods and cases for the assessment of soil environmental thresholds and environmental capacity of development land based on protecting different sensitive receptors, providing a scientific foundation for the evaluation of regional soil environmental capacity for development land, which was of great significance for improving the soil environmental management pratice of development land in China.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2893-2904 [Abstract] ( 153 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 652KB] ( 1317 )
2905 Environmental footprint assessment methods and case studies for cyanide-contaminated soil remediation projects
SANG Chun-hui, YANG Xin-tong, ZHANG Hong-zhen, XIAO Meng, LIU Rui-ping, MENG Teng-teng, LI Xiang-lan
Based on defining the evaluation boundary, refining the data list, and constructing a systematic evaluation process method, the internationally widely used Environmental Footprint Analysis and Calculation Tool (Spreadsheets for Environmental Footprint Analysis, SEFA) was used to quantitatively evaluate the environmental footprint of a cyanide contaminated site in Shandong Province. Results showed that the pollution volume of the restoration project was 74948m3, the material consumption was 2249t, the solid waste production was 4.19t, the water resource consumption was 2714m3, the wastewater production was 2481m3, the energy consumption was 42740000MJ, and the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission was 2463t CO2-eq. In situ chemical oxidation has less environmental impact than in situ ectopic chemical oxidation and the energy efficiency and GHG emission intensity of cyanide removal were 6415MJ/kg and 339.11kg CO2-eq/kg, respectively, accounting for 25% of ectopic chemical oxidation. The study case results show that SEFA enables rapid and efficient quantitative assessment of the environmental impact of cyanide remediation projects. Indirect emissions from upstream raw material use are the main source of environmental footprint in the case, and the duration of equipment use and the amount of materials used are the key parameters influencing the assessment results.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2905-2915 [Abstract] ( 158 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1049KB] ( 1462 )
2916 Comprehensive assessment of the technological, environmental, and economic effects of pilot-scale oil refining by pyrolysis of waste tires
HUANG Hai-yan, LI Zi-feng, XU Liu-jie, WANG Chao, GAO Ning-bo, SONG Qing-bin
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the problem of waste tires has been attracting more and more attentions. How to achieve effective recycling and safe disposal of waste tires has become a hot issue in current industrial practice. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the product characteristics, environmental pollution, and economic benefits of a pilot-scale refinery process, based on the basis of the pyrolysis characteristics of waste tires. It is found that when the pyrolysis temperature ranges was 300℃~350℃, it will result in fewer gaseous pollutants (such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides). Under different pyrolysis temperatures, the heavy fuel oil products at the temperature range of 250℃~350℃ was consistent with the expected results, with lower asphaltene content (4.45%~5.68%) and higher olefin content (18.27%~25.18%). The optimum production temperature conditions were explored to be 350℃, which resulted in an annual profit of CNY 1,981,800 and a payback period of 34 months. This work focus on the evaluation and optimization of the pilot-scale process of low-temperature pyrolysis oil refining waste tiresfrom the perspecitves of technology, environment, and economy, and can provide technical support and application practice for the recycling of waste tires in future.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2916-2922 [Abstract] ( 123 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 941KB] ( 1495 )
2923 Ecological compensation in transboundary watersheds and economic growth in compensated counties: A quasi-natural experiment based on the third round of ecological compensation in Xin'anjiang River Basin
YANG Yong-liang, WANG Wei, QIN Qiong-xia
The transboundary watershed ecological compensation mechanism is an essential institutional innovation to promote the construction of economy and ecological civilization synergistically, and to promote the high-quality coordinated development of the region. This paper adopts the double-difference method to assess the impact of the implementation of the third round of the transboundary basin ecological compensation policy of Xin'anjiang River Basin on the economic growth of the compensated counties. The results of the study show that the third round of the transboundary basin ecological compensation policy of Xin'anjiang River Basin significantly promotes the economic growth of the compensated counties. Gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP per capita in compensated counties increased by about 4.4% and 4.3%, respectively. The three rounds of the transboundary basin ecological compensation policy that lasted nine years has obvious dynamic cumulative effects. The integrated analysis found significant differences in the impacts of the three rounds of transboundary basin ecological compensation policies on economic growth in the compensated counties of the Xin'anjiang River Basin. In addition, the robustness of the research conclusions is proved by a series of tests such as the event study method, randomly generating the experimental group, and synthetic control methods. Further, the mechanism analysis verifies that differences in the level of economic development and regional financial pressure will have a differentiated impact on county economic growth, and the opening of the Hangzhou-Huangshan high-speed railway deepens the positive effects of the transboundary watershed ecological compensation policy on the promotion of economic growth in the compensated counties.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2923-2936 [Abstract] ( 204 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1032KB] ( 1231 )
2937 Evaluation of the cultivated land ecosystem stability based on multi-source remote sensing data—A case study of Fenhe River Basin
LÜ Wen-bao, XU Zhan-jun, YANG Li-qi, QI Qiang-qiang, YUE Xin, LI Zhe
This study was initiated from the perspective of exogenous stresses on cultivated land in the Fenhe River Basin. Multiple remote sensing data sources were utilized to obtain monitoring indicators such as soil erosion, desertification, salinization, pollution, remote sensing ecological index, and vegetation productivity. A dynamic stability evaluation model within the framework of stress-resistance-response was constructed, analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land ecosystem stability. Cultivated land was partitioned using two-dimensional graph theory clustering, and corresponding control measures were proposed. The results show that: (1) From 2011 to 2021, certain counties in the Jinzhong Basin and its northeast experienced a significant exacerbation of soil pollution and salinization. The exogenous stress values increased slightly in these areas, while in other regions, a decrease in exogenous stress values predominated, accounting for 91.66% of the total farmland area. Resistance values exhibited a noticeable increase, with 98.69% of cultivated land experiencing an upward trend. Spatially, a basic pattern emerged, with the Jinzhong Basin and Linfen Basin forming dual core growth areas. 83.13% of cultivated land experienced an increase in response values, while declining areas were concentrated in the Jinzhong Basin and its northeast. (2) The cultivated land ecosystem stability increased markedly, with 99.06% of cultivated land experiencing an enhancement. Stability in the Jinzhong Basin showed a slight increase, whereas downstream areas such as the Linfen Basin and river valleys exhibited a significant increase. The disparity in stability between regions gradually diminished, primarily due to improvements in the ecological environment quality. (3) Based on stability and its intrinsic indicators, the study area was divided into the Loess Hilly Area-core governance zone, Jinzhong Basin-urban agricultural zone, Linghuo Mountain Gorge-ecological safeguard zone, Linfen Basin-conservation buffer zone, and River Valley Plain-stable and productive zone. Differential cultivated land protection and management measures were proposed accordingly. The research findings can provide a scientific basis for enhancing the stability of the cultivated land ecosystem.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2937-2947 [Abstract] ( 134 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2124KB] ( 1969 )
2948 Spatial relationship between human activity intensities and ecosystem services value in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration
ZHOU Ya-ping, ZHAO Xian-chao
With Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration as the research object, based on remote sensing images, geostatistics, transportation network data and other multi-source data, we built the human footprint index model, Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) modification model and flow gain-and-loss matrix to measure the spatiotemporal changes of the human activities intensity(HAI) and ESV from 1990 to 2020. On such basis, it also comprehensively made use of geographic detector and bivariate space autocorrelation model to investigate the spatial relationship between HAI and ESV, which helped to reveal the profound influence of HAI on ESV. The results indicated that: First, the HAI in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration had an increasing trend in the past 30 years, with a growth rate of 33.33%; additionally, there was overall circle spatial evolution characteristic with the main urban area as the center, which decreased to the periphery. Second, the ESV showed a slow decline trend with an average annual decrease of 1.38×108 yuan and showed a distribution pattern of “higher in the fringe area and lower in the core area” from 1990 to 2020. The conversion of forest land to construction land and cultivated land was the main reason for the loss of value. Third, the q value of HAI in the factor detection increased from 0.348 to 0.394, which explained the spatial differentiation of ESV in a better manner. The risk detection found out that the ESV generally showed a decreasing trend with the increase of HAI. Among them, the value of ecosystem cultural services kept balance within the abnormal intensity range of human activity from 0.3 to 0.7. Fourth, Moran's I changed from -0.363 to -0.491 during the study duration, there was a spatial negative correlation between HAI and ESV and the negative effect was intensified. High-low clustered area mainly distributed in the central urban area in the north, the low-high clustered area mainly distributed in densely forested mountain ranges which had higher elevation at the edge of the study area.
2024 Vol. 44 (5): 2948-2960 [Abstract] ( 147 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3927KB] ( 1295 )
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