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  Current Issue
 
2025 Vol.45 Issue.1,Published 2025-01-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Carbon Emission Control
Emerging Contaminants
Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Health
Ozone Pollution Control
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2025 Vol. 45 (1): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 255KB] ( 303 )
Air Pollution Control
1 Release characteristics of thirdhand smoke pollutants from clothing
GENG Chuang, LIU Bi-yuan, GE Hao-nan, ZHANG Jia-rui, ZHU Yu-qing, HUANG Hai-bao, CAO Jian-ping
More than 100 volatile organic compounds (including 36 carcinogens) were identified in the clothing-mediated thirdhand smoke (THS) by using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). Significant differences were found in the component and amount for the THS released from different clothing material. Specifically, the amount of THS released from polyester was significantly lower than that released from cotton. Furthermore, the amount of THS released from clothing exponentially decreased as increasing time, and the decrease ratio was more than 80% after 30 minutes, suggesting that the clothing-mediated THS pollution could be reduced if the smokers stay outdoors for more than 30 minutes after smoking cigarettes. This study provided a useful method for the investigations of clothing-mediated THS pollution, deepening the understanding on the release characteristics of THS pollution from clothing, which should have great significance in reducing the THS exposure for non-smokers.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 112 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 723KB] ( 504 )
11 Evolution characteristics of boundary layer inversion and its pollution effects during haze events in the Sichuan Basin
HE Li-yuan, YANG Liu, ZHU Yao, NI Chang-jian
Based on the second level sounding data and routine environmental meteorological monitoring data from four regions (Chengdu, Yibin, Dazhou, and Chongqing) of the Sichuan Basin, during the winter of 2014~2017, combined with Mie scattering liDAR detection data in Chengdu during the same period, the boundary layer structure was identified by atmospheric extinction coefficient profile, and the evolution characteristics and pollution effects of atmospheric boundary layer inversion during haze weather were investigated. The results indicated that: Surface Layer Inversion (SLI), Mixed Layer Inversion (MLI), and Aerosol Boundary Layer Inversion (ABI) represented the three fundamental forms of boundary layer inversion. They showed a gradually weakened trend from bottom up and mark spatial variation among different regions. With the evolution of haze events from the formation phase to the persistence phase, the frequency of the three-layer inversions significantly increased. In the process, the intensity and thickness of SLI gradually decreased. However, the intensity and thickness of MLI exhibited quite opposite trend. In the meantime, the base height of MLI also decreased. The intensity and thickness of ABI fluctuated all the time. The coexistence and co-evolution of SLI and MLI not only strongly inhibited the vertical dispersion of ground pollutants, but also contributed to the increased near-surface humidity, which in turn induced the accumulation of particulate matter at the surface and enhanced aerosol hygroscopic properties, thereby reducing ground-level visibility. The above results revealed complex evolutionary patterns of boundary layer inversion during haze episodes in the Sichuan Basin from a new perspective and lay the foundation for integrated studies on the tropospheric lower-level inversion.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 11-18 [Abstract] ( 90 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1164KB] ( 344 )
19 Evolutionary characteristics of anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2020
TANG Feng, SHA Qing-e, LIU Ying-ying, WENG Shu-juan, ZHOU Ning, CHEN Hao-qi, LIU Lu-yun, SI-TU Shu-ping, ZHONG Zhuang-min, XU Guan-ying, CHEN Duo-hong, ZHENG Jun-yu
In response to issues identified in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission inventory for Guangdong Province—including time-lag, unclear source classification, and ambiguous emission trends—a refined PAHs emission factor library for anthropogenic sources was established through comprehensive literature research. A high-resolution, bottom-up PAHs emission inventory of 16PAH compounds for Guangdong Province covering 2006~2020 was developed using the emission factor method, providing insights into principal emission species, key sources, and the spatiotemporal evolution of emissions. The findings were as follows: From 2006 to 2020, anthropogenic PAHs emissions in Guangdong Province showed an overall decline of 45%, with the contribution of carcinogenic PAHs reducing from 60% to 29%. Naphthalene (Nap), benzo[g,h,i]perylene (Bghip), and phenanthrene (Phe) emerged as the primary PAH species, contributing on average 23%, 10%, and 9% to total PAHs emissions, respectively. As national standards for diesel vehicles and motorcycles tightened, yellow-label vehicles were eliminated, and policies like the prohibition on straw burning were enacted, the primary sources of PAHs emissions shifted from motorcycles, diesel vehicles, and biomass burning to industrial coal combustion, coking, and household combustion. Spatial analysis indicated that line-source emissions (primarily from motorcycles and diesel vehicles) decreased significantly, while point-source emissions from industrial sources increased across several regions. Considering population health risks and the need for targeted PAHs emission controls in densely populated areas, the study recommends enhanced regulation of PAHs from industrial coal combustion and coking industries. This study provides critical scientific support for Guangdong Province's PAHs emission control strategies, with a focus on public health outcomes.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 19-29 [Abstract] ( 87 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1482KB] ( 439 )
30 Spatio-temporal distribution and influencing factors of atmospheric ammonia in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas based on IASI observation data
SONG Xiao-ke, JIANG Lei, LU Hai-feng, SHEN Xiu-e, WANG Xin-hui, SUN Shuang, LI Lei, LI Jin-xiang
Monitoring and obtaining observation data of atmospheric anomia is of great significance for further reducing fine particles pollution. The study uses satellite remotely sensed Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) data to conduct research on the accounting method of atmospheric ammonia emission intensity and total ammonia in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, providing support for the remote sensing monitoring application of atmospheric ammonia and ammonia reduction. Spatial interpolation was performed on spatially discontinuous data to calculate the annual average emission intensity (YNH3), seasonal average emission intensity (QNH3), and monthly average emission intensity (MNH3) of atmospheric ammonia, and to estimate the total amount of atmospheric ammonia (TNH3). By doing so, the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal variation patterns of atmospheric ammonia in the study area were analyzed, and finally, the influencing factors of atmospheric ammonia emissions were further examined. The results showed that from 2014 to 2022, the daily average emission intensity of atmospheric ammonia in the study area was 7.99kg/km2. The central part of the region was a high value area for YNH3, and the five cities with low column concentrations and low increasing rates were mainly distributed in northern Hebei and southern Henan. The eight cities with low column concentrations but high increasing rates were distributed in southwestern Henan, central Hebei, and Jiaodong Peninsula. The nineteen cities with high column concentrations but low increasing rates and sixteen cities with high column concentrations and high increasing rates were distributed in the central region and the surrounding of the Bohai Sea. Over the past 9 years, both YNH3 and TNH3 have shown an increasing trend, with YNH3 in the study area growing from 5.89kg/km2 to 9.20kg/km2, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.73%; TNH3 increased from 1169kt to 1825kt. In terms of temporal distribution, QNH3 exhibited periodic changes, with summer being the peak season for QNH3 and July being the peak month for MNH3. TNH3 had a high correlation with arable land and population, and their spatial distributions were highly consistent with each other, indicating that farming and population are important influencing factors of ammonia emissions in the study area. Random Forest analysis showed that agricultural and living sources were the most significant reduction factors of ammonia emission. This study demonstrated that remote sensing monitoring of atmospheric ammonia can offer data support for air quality monitoring operations.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 89 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4008KB] ( 449 )
40 High-temperature soot filtration performance of superhydrophobic PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 fibrous membranes
HONG Mei, ZHANG Ming, MA Xiao, ZHENG Jun, QIAN Fu-ping
The novel PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes with a high performance in PM2.5 removal and high-temperature filtration were developed in this study under co-electrospinning-electrospray strategy, with PVDF-HFP/TiO2 as the functional layer and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the base membrane. According to the results, the PHT20nanofibrous membrane achieved an efficiency of 99.8% in capturing particulate matters, a low pressure drop of 67Pa, excellent air permeability, and high thermal stability (to 200°C). Moreover, the results of self-cleaning tests showed that the superhydrophobic surfaces of the PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes were resistant to dust particle contamination. To sum up, the multifunctional PPHT20 nanofibrous membrane developed in this study is an effective solution to dust removal at high temperatures.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 40-49 [Abstract] ( 94 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2572KB] ( 494 )
Ozone Pollution Control
50 Sensitivity analysis of O3 generation in Hubei Province based on TROPOMI data
YANG Chun-mian, HUANG Yu, HUANG Hai-bin, HE Ze-huang, CHENG Hai-rong
Based on the ground-level ozone (O3) data from provincial air quality stations and tropospheric HCHO and NO2 column concentration data from TROPOMI, the spatial and temporal distributions, variation trends and precursor sensitivity of O3 pollution in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2023 were studied by using the indicator method of O3 generation sensitivity. The results showed that the concentration of O3 columns in Hubei Province presented an overall upward trend. For the seasonal variations, the concentrations of O3 and HCHO were higher in summer and lower in winter, while NO2 was the opposite. For the spatial distributions, the concentration of O3 column increased gradually from south to north, and the concentration of NO2 and HCHO column increased in a stepwise manner from west to east. Through analyzing the spatial distributions of controlling factors for O3, we found that O3 generation in most areas of Hubei Province was controlled by NOx from June to September, and only a small area was controlled by NOx. Wuhan and its surrounding urban areas in eastern Hubei Province belong to the VOCs-control area, the western Hubei region mainly belongs to the NOx-control area, the rest of the areas mostly belong to NOx-VOCs collaborative-control area. After 2019, O3 generation in eastern Hubei Province has changed from VOCs-control area to NOx-VOCs collaborative control area.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 50-57 [Abstract] ( 86 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2162KB] ( 368 )
58 Synthesis of Ru confined in MFI zeolites catalyst and its study on the catalytic combustion performance of propane
WANG Jing-jing, XIA Liang-hui, WU Ya-ni, LIU Yu-jie, XU He, LIU Qi-yuan, LIU Ji-chen, JIAN Yan-fei, HE Chi
Three Ru-based catalysts were synthesized using in-situ synthesis, impregnation, and deposition-precipitation methods in combination with MFI zeolites to investigate their catalytic oxidation activity toward propane (C3H8). The catalyst synthesized via the in-situ method, denoted as Ru@MFI, exhibited the highest low-temperature oxidation activity, achieving a 90% conversion rate at 270°C, along with remarkable thermal stability at high temperatures and hydrophobicity. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and temperature-programmed desorption of CO (CO-TPD), revealed that Ru confined within the MFI zeolite channels possessed the smallest particle size and highest dispersion, thereby increasing the number of active Ru sites. Further characterization using Raman spectroscopy and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) indicated that interactions between Ru and the MFI framework led to a redistribution of charge around Ru or oxygen, enhancing the reduction capabilities. Consequently, the Ru@MFI catalyst demonstrated superior propane oxidation activity. Additionally, the geometric confinement within the MFI channels maintained the stability and dispersion of Ru species during high-temperature calcination, effectively preventing Ru aggregation and further ensuring the catalyst's high-temperature thermal stability.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 58-65 [Abstract] ( 82 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1348KB] ( 530 )
66 Identification of VOCs high-emission areas and analysis of long-term changes in urban area based on satellite observation
WANG Xin-hui, LI Jin-xiang, JIANG Lei, LU Hai-feng, SHEN Xiu-e, WANG Qin, YU Chao
This paper combined multi-source data to develop the identification approach of VOCs high-emission areas during ozone pollution season (from May to September). At the same time, the spatial distribution pattern and long-term change trend of VOCs during the ozone pollution season in Beijing from 2005 to 2023 was examined and discussed based on satellite-derived HCHO column concentration. The results showed that the concentration of VOCs in Beijing is at a high level within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and its distribution was significantly affected by human activities. The total amount of HCHO in the areas of anthropogenic sources dominated was 3.4times of that of natural sources dominated. The high emission areas of anthropogenic sources mostly appeared in the northern, central eastern, and southwestern parts of the urban area of Beijing City. Approximately 61% of the areas were sources of industrial production process and solvent usage, and mainly distributed outside the Fifth Ring Road. Approximately 39% of them were sources of automobile maintenance, logistics warehousing etc., and mainly distributed along highways. This identification method has improved the effectiveness of ozone pollution prevention and control work in the summer of 2023, offering technical support for locating key regulatory objects and areas. From the perspective of interannual variations, the column concentration of VOCs in Beijing showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2018, with an increase of about 26% (after correction of temperature), while it showed a downward trend from 2018 to 2023, with a decrease of about 11%, reflecting the effectiveness of VOCs emission control in recent years.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 66-77 [Abstract] ( 84 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8238KB] ( 498 )
78 Source apportionment of ambient VOCs during ozone pollution periods in Linfen
DUAN Li-qin, WU Yu-tong, LIU Bao-shuang
This study estimated the initial volume mixing ratios of the ambient VOCs measured from 18 April to 31 July 2021 in Linfen, Shanxi Province, using a photochemical age-based parameterization method, and corrected photochemical loss effects. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to conduct the initial-data source apportionment. The results showed that the average volume mixing ratio of total VOCs (TVOCs) during the study period was 17.1×10-9. The average initial volume mixing ratio of TVOCs in the daytime was 27.2×10-9, with chemical loss of 10.6×10-9 and loss rate was approximately 39.0%. Compared with other VOC groups, alkenes had the highest loss rate (66.0%). The chemical losses of isoprene (3.16×10-9), 1,3-butadiene (1.27×10-9), and ethylene (1.19×10-9) were higher than any other species. During the ozone pollution (OP) period, the chemical loss of TVOCs was 15.1×10-9, which was 1.6times higher than during the non-ozone pollution (NOP) period. During the OP period, the loss rate of alkenes was the highest (81.7%) than the other VOC groups. The losses of isoprene, 1,3-butadiene, trans-2-butene, and trans-2-pentene were 5.05×10-9, 1.85×10-9, 1.59×10-9, and 1.10×10-9, respectively, substantially higher than any other species. The PMF apportioned results based on the initial volume mixing ratios (i.e., IC-PMF) showed that petrochemical-related enterprise emissions (36.4%), natural gas (17.2%), the mixed source of diesel vehicle emissions and solvent usage (12.9%), gasoline vehicle emissions (9.6%), liquefied petroleum gas (8.6%), biogenic emissions (8.6%), and combustion sources (6.7%) were the main contributors to the ambient VOCs in Linfen during the study period. Compared to the PMF apportioned results based on the observed volume mixing ratios (i.e., OC-PMF), the contribution of biogenic emissions was underestimated by 83.3%, which was substantially higher than those of other sources; followed by the mixed sources of diesel vehicle emissions and solvent usage (22.2%) and the petrochemical-related enterprise emissions (19.7%). Meanwhile, the IC-PMF results suggested that the sources with higher contributions during the OP period were the petrochemical-related enterprise emissions and biogenic emissions, accounting for 24.1% and 21.7%, respectively. According to the IC-PMF apportioned results, the estimated results using the ozone formation potential (OFP) model showed that petrochemical-related enterprise emissions was the highest contributor to the OFP, with the contribution of 50.7% to the total OFP, followed by biogenic emissions (24.8%) and the mixed source of diesel vehicle emissions and solvent usage (10.4%). The emission sources with higher contributions to the OFP during OP period were biogenic emissions and petrochemical-related enterprise emissions, reaching 52.6% and 27.8%, respectively.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 78-92 [Abstract] ( 84 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2404KB] ( 399 )
93 Seasonal source analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Tongchuan high-tech industrial development zone
ZHANG Li-yuan, ZHANG Ya-nan, ZHONG Jia-hao, GUO Wei, ZHANG Yue, WANG Jian-yue, WU Wei-peng, BO Ya-nan
This study aims to investigate the VOCs pollution characteristics in the high-tech industrial zone of Tongchuan City, a medium-sized city in the Fenwei Plain, by using online monitoring methods to measure the concentration of environmental VOCs components (a total of 115species) in the atmosphere of the Tongchuan High-tech Industrial Development Zone, thereby obtaining a high-resolution time series and seasonal variation patterns of atmospheric VOCs.The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was utilized to identify the primary sources of VOCs, and the Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) method was applied to quantify the Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) of VOCs. Furthermore, the Hazard Index (HI) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) of toxic VOCs were calculated. The findings revealed that during the monitoring period, the average values of φ (TVOCs) in spring, summer, and winter were respectively (69.03 ± 47.48)×10-9, (92.66 ± 37.54)×10-9, and (134.90 ± 74.58)×10-9, with the top three components in each season being consistent (alkanes > alkenes > aromatics). PMF source apportionment results indicated that the sources of atmospheric VOCs in the development zone were primarily from chemical companies, motor vehicles, and combustion emissions (each contributing over 20%). OFP assessment outcomes revealed that OVOCs were the major contributing components in all seasons, with ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethylene being the primary species. Health risk assessments indicated that the HI in spring, summer, and winter all exceeded acceptable levels (HI > 1), suggesting non-carcinogenic health risks to the exposed population. Acrolein, in particular, had a notably high hazard index, exceeding 1in all seasons. The lifetime cancer risks in spring, summer, and winter were 1.68×10-5, 1.57×10-5, and 8.42×10-5, respectively, indicating a slight carcinogenic risk in all seasons.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 93-102 [Abstract] ( 79 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3182KB] ( 443 )
Water Pollution Control
103 Preparation and properties of visible light responsive CBM/PVDF self-cleaning catalytic membrane
GAO Ke-xuan, YANG Yu, CHAI Yi-ran, HOU Li-an
A photocatalytic membrane reaction process, integrating a CBM (gC3N4/BiOBr/MXene) photocatalyst and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, was constructed using a phase inversion method. The addition of CBM was adjusted to optimize the membrane surface structure and properties, as well as to improve the hydrophilicity and permeability of the composite membrane. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl), a common antibiotic drug, was used as the target pollutant in the dead-end process to assess the separation and fouling resistance capabilities. The optimally doped PVDF/CBM-0.6membrane achieved 92 % degradation of TC-HCl, in which the active species ·O2- and h+ played a dominant role. The degradation efficiency remains above 85% after 5 cycles, proving its good recyclability. Thirteen degradation intermediates and potential degradation pathways were proposed, including hydroxylation, demethylation, deamination, benzene ring opening, and deamidation reactions. Continuous operation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) confirmed the ability of the process to alleviate irreversible membrane fouling by preventing pore blockage and pollutant adhesion, achieving an efficient membrane self-cleaning. Overall, the CBM/PVDF photocatalytic membrane proposed in this work has the potential to enhance the practical application of photocatalytic membrane reaction systems.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 103-112 [Abstract] ( 96 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1784KB] ( 530 )
113 Advances of chlorine-resistant modification and chlorination remediation of polyamide membrane
ZHU Qin-yan, LI Xin-dong, BAO Luo, JIA Jiang-hui, YU Si-Wei, ZHONG Zhao-huang, CAI Meng
Two typical PA membranes, m-phenylenediamine-trimesoyl chloride and piperazine-trimesoyl chloride, are introduced and their latest chlorine destruction mechanisms are analyzed in depth. On this basis, the chlorine-resistant modification methods for these two membranes are further discussed, including changing the monomer structure, intrinsic doping techniques, physical coating methods and chemical grafting methods. The latest research research advances in the field of chlorinated PA membrane remediation are briefly discussed, including the reduction method after initial chlorination and the remediation with repair agent after chlorination degradation. The analysis shows that the development of chlorine-resistant PA membranes is still facing great challenges, and the research on chlorine-resistant modification of PA membranes should be carried out without sacrificing its separation performance, taking into account all other properties of the membrane, and flexibly utilizing various modification methods.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 113-123 [Abstract] ( 82 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 963KB] ( 568 )
124 Coupling effects of flow rate, pH value, sulfate, and alkalinity on iron release from drinking water distribution systems
WANG Long, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Shan, MIAO Zi-yi, LIU Zhuo, FAN Ming-zhou, JIA Pei-xin, FENG Yon-jia
When drinking water quality and hydraulic conditions change, the solid-liquid balance between pipe scales and water in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) will be destroyed, causing iron release and secondary pollution of drinking water. In this paper, dynamic experimental systems were set up to analyze the process of iron release in DWDSs under coupled changes of flow rate (v), pH, sulfate (SO42-), and alkalinity (Alk). Principal component regression was used to establish the model for predicting the release of iron. The results indicated that under the condition of v=0.12m/s, pH=6.5, [SO42-]=250mg/L, and Alk=100mg/L CaCO3, the total iron concentrations in steel and cast iron pipes reached the maximum of 1.423mg/L and 0.184mg/L, respectively. A large amount of flaky and scattered spherical structures were observed in steel and cast iron pipe scales, with α-FeOOH being the main component. After the experiment, the contents of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, and Fe2O3 in both pipe scales increased, while those of Fe3O4 decreased. The predictive model showed that the total iron concentrations were negatively correlated with pH and Alk, and positively correlated with SO42- and v. The order of the influences of the four factors was: v > pH > Alk > SO42-.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 124-131 [Abstract] ( 79 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1511KB] ( 433 )
132 Preparation and performance of a new chitosan-based flocculant based on the dual functions of flocculation and sterilization
TAN Xiao-bo, JIANG Jun-yi, SUN Man-li, ZHANG Zhan-mei, LI Hong, ZHENG Huai-li, DING Wei
To control the addition of chlorine disinfectant in drinking water disinfection technology, and to combine the coagulation and disinfection units to reduce energy consumption, a quaternary ammonium chitosan-based flocculant (CTS-g-CHPTAC) with dual functions of flocculation and sterilization was developed. This flocculant effectively removes kaolin and Escherichia coli from wastewater. Material characterization results showed that CTS-g-CHPTAC had a higher cationicity (29.51%) and better water solubility. Flocculation performance tests indicated that the turbidity and bacterial removal rates of CTS-g-CHPTAC reached up to 98.5% and 99%, respectively, when dosages were 0.2mg/L and 2mg/L. Meanwhile, the removal rate was as high as 97% when the dosage of CTS-g-CHPTAC was only 1~1.6mg/L in the mixed simulated wastewater, and the removal rate of mixed pollutants was as high as 95% within the pH range of 5~11. It is speculated that CTS-g-CHPTAC's higher cationic content and rougher surface topography enhance charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, and net sweeping effects, leading to improved flocculation. Furthermore, CTS-g-CHPTAC has bactericidal function, which can interact with the cell wall and cell membrane of E. coli through the quaternary ammonium group on CHPTAC and the amino group on chitosan and kill E. coli.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 132-143 [Abstract] ( 86 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4766KB] ( 391 )
144 Oxidative removal of water pollutants based on biomass-derived carbon nanosheets
HAO Rong-jiang, GU Xiang-yu, LI Song-geng
The porous two-dimensional carbon nanosheets with high graphitization and defect sites, designated M-C and M-N, were successfully synthesized via molten salt-assisted pyrolysis of glucose, with oxysalts (K2CO3 or KNO3) as additives, respectively. The oxysalts significantly enhanced the specific surface area of the carbon nanosheets. Particularly, KNO3 promoted nitrogen doping in M-N, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity for acid orange 7 (AO7) of 480.77mg/g, surpassing that of biochar (BC) from direct pyrolysis and M-BC from molten salt-assisted pyrolysis without oxysalts. The adsorption and catalytic degradation of AO7 removal over carbon materials exhibited a synergistic effect. The catalytic activity of M-N in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation was 22.64times that of M-BC and 33.48times that of BC. Additionally, the impact of nitrogen doping and other structural defects on the non-radical pathway-dominated catalytic processes was preliminarily assessed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study indicates that oxysalts can significantly reduce the amount of molten salt required in the preparation of carbon nanosheets, and also provides theoretical guidance for developing bifunctional biomass-based carbon materials for highly efficient organic pollutants adsorption and PMS activation.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 144-157 [Abstract] ( 74 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2834KB] ( 382 )
158 Research on the engineering of anammox process for treating iron oxide red wastewater
YANG Jun-feng, CHEN Zhen-guo, ZHENG Xu-wen, ZHANG yu, LI Jia-yi, ZHOU Song-wei, WANG Xiao-jun
In this study, a full-scale CANON system was constructed to treat high ammonia nitrogen iron oxide wastewater following physicochemical pretreatment. Over the course of 165days of continuous operation, the CANON system demonstrated excellent stability and shock resistance, achieving ammonia and total nitrogen removal efficiencies (TNRE) of 90% and 80%, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis and SHAP feature importance analysis were employed to elucidate the impact of water quality and environmental parameters on TNRE. Microbial community profiling unveiled substantial shifts in microbial population structures within the system, marked by the transition of the dominant anammox bacteria from Candidatus Anammoxoglobus to Candidatus Kuenenia, accounting for a relative abundance of 13.22%. Nitrosomonas was identified as the predominant ammonium-oxidizing bacteria with a relative abundance of 1.27%. Additionally, a machine learning model based on XGBoost was developed, which achieved a predictive accuracy of over 99.9% for TNRE, with a prediction precision of 98% for new data points in practical applications. This research provides valuable empirical insights into the engineering application and intelligent development of anammox processes.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 158-166 [Abstract] ( 89 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2179KB] ( 371 )
167 Mechanism exploration for chlorine-mediated electrocatalytic generation of 1O2 based on the equilibrium between ClO- and HO2-
SUN Hao-rang, YIN Ming-ming, TANG Hai-liang, WANG Li-zhang
Because of singlet oxygen (1O2)’s strong oxidation capability and environmental friendliness, understanding the mechanism of chlorine-mediated 1O2 generation in electrochemical processes can enhance wastewater treatment efficiency and minimize the side effects of active chlorine. Thus, electrochemical tests and treatment of Rhodamine B (RhB) simulated wastewater were used to assess the performance of Ir-Ta/Ti and Pt/Ti electrodes. The effects of different conditions (Cl- concentration, chlorine evolution activity of electrodes, H2O2 addition, O2 aeration) on electrochemical 1O2 generation were also explored. The results demonstrated that the 1O2-dominated electrochemical system can remove over 96% of RhB and shorten degradation pathways. Efficient 1O2 production depends on balancing hypochlorite (ClO-) and hydroperoxyl (HO2-) in the system, as an excess of either suppresses 1O2 generation. This study provides a theoretical framework for enhancing 1O2 generation under various conditions and the targeted preparation and modification of electrodes.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 167-174 [Abstract] ( 86 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2217KB] ( 389 )
175 Bioretention cells with epoxy resin modified loess to remove runoff pollutants
ZHOU Hang, ZHOU Jia-jia, XIONG Jia-qing, XU Yan-wei
This paper chose epoxy resin modified loess as the primary filler for the biological retention tank. It tested 48 different raw material types with varying parameters to improve the ratio of epoxy resin to loess as the benchmark (greater than 2mm/min). The corresponding epoxy resin content is 5% (b5), 10% (b10), 5% (b5d1), and 10% (b10d1). The adsorption capability of the four enhanced materials for NH4+ -N and phosphate was stronger than that of conventional fillers. After the biological retention tank was filled, b5d1had the best average removal of NH4+ -N and COD, reaching 93.97% and 77.5%, respectively. b5also removed NO3- -N (76.6%), TN (62.4%), and TP (98%) more successfully than the other two. Through microbial investigation, b5was found to contain more organisms including Chloroflexi and Steroidobacter that are engaged in the flora process. The NH4+ -N, NO3- -N, TN, TP, and COD can all be efficiently removed by an enhanced loess packed biological tank. According to studies, loess enhanced with epoxy resin has a wide range of promotional uses, may be utilized as biological tank packing, and effectively filters contaminants in runoff rainfall.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 175-184 [Abstract] ( 83 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3108KB] ( 339 )
185 Degradation mechanism of diclofenac sodium by potassium persulfate activated by magnetic MZF@PDA-PAC in water
LI Shi-yao, YU Jing, XU Dong-ying
To prepare a highly efficient heterogeneous carbon-based magnetic catalyst with excellent solid-liquid separation properties and good stability for activating potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS), this study employed Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 (MZF) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the magnetic core, and dopamine (DA) along with powdered activated carbon (PAC) was utilized to synthesize the magnetic nanocomposite MZF@PDA-PAC through a step-by-step deposition method. MZF@PDA-PAC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The efficiency of MZF@PDA-PAC in activating PMS for the degradation of diclofenac sodium (DS) was investigated, along with the removal mechanism of DS and the activation mechanism of PMS by MZF@PDA-PAC. The results showed that MZF@PDA-PAC possessed a "core-shell" structure, which exhibited excellent dispersibility and solid-liquid separation performance in water. Both radical pathways (SO4·-, HO· and O2·-) and non-radical pathways (electron transfer) played important roles in DS removal in the MZF@PDA-PAC+PMS system, with DS and TOC removal efficiencies of 99.50% and 66.32%, respectively. MZF@PDA-PAC was shown to have high stability and good recyclability, which has broad application prospect in the degradation of refractory organic compounds.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 185-197 [Abstract] ( 88 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3028KB] ( 457 )
198 Study on the performance and mechanism of methylmercury removal by hydrogen substituted graphdiyne
LI Hong-hu, LU Hua-ying, PENG Xi-yan, SHEN Zhen-hua, AN Miao, JIE Cui, YANG Jiao-yv
Hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) was synthesized through an in-situ cross-coupling reaction with triethynylbenzene as a precursor. The CH3Hg+adsorption performance of the novel sp-hybridized carbon material HsGDY was studied in comparison with traditional sp2-hybridized carbon material graphene (GE). This work showed that HsGDY had an excellent adsorption performance for CH3Hg+, which was significantly better than GE. When the CH3Hg+ concentration was 1.25 μg/L and solution pH was 7, the final removal efficiency of HsGDY with 30 mg dosage for CH3Hg+ could reach nearly 100%. An increase in ion strength, a decrease in pH and the presence of Hg2+ would to some extent inhibit the adsorption of CH3Hg+ on HsGDY due to the competitive adsorption effect. HsGDY had good regeneration performance. After 5 regeneration cycles, its CH3Hg+removal efficiency was still above 80%. By characterization methods such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the adsorption mechanism of CH3Hg+ onto HsGDY was thoroughly studied. The results indicated that CH3Hg+ was chemically adsorbed on the HsGDY surface, mainly due to the interaction between the acetylenic functional group and CH3Hg+.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 198-207 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2610KB] ( 364 )
208 Microbial mechanism of magnetite addition on the biodegradation of phenanthrene in sediments
WANG Hong-yang, YOU Jia, YAN Zai-sheng, JIANG He-long, YE Hua-xiang
In the surface environments, magnetite (Fe3O4) serves as an electron receptor and donor for microbial extracellular respiration, facilitating interspecies electron transfer as a means to promote the biodegradation of organic pollutants. It has gradually found application in the realm of water pollution remediation. The interplay between magnetite and the mineral-microbe interface assumes a profoundly pivotal role. However, the biodegradation mechanism of PAHs in sediments mediated by different morphologies of magnetite remains unclear. In this paper, two different morphologies of magnetite (micron Fe3O4 and nano Fe3O4) were prepared to investigate the effect of the magnetite on the biodegradation of PAHs in sediments. Under aerobic conditions, the addition of magnetite did not appreciably reduce the total content of PAHs and certain high-ring PAHs in the sediment. Nevertheless, the introduction of magnetite significantly diminished the levels of low-ring PAHs (naphthalene and phenanthrene) in the sediment. To further investigate the anaerobic biodegradation influence of magnetite on PAHs under varying redox conditions, with phenanthrene as the target pollutant, enrichment and cultivation experiments were conducted with the indigenous degrading microbial communities in the sediment. Two forms of magnetite were introduced under different redox conditions. The results revealed that the augmented treatment with magnetite or electron acceptors somewhat promoted anaerobic biodegradation. Under natural attenuation conditions, the independent addition of micron Fe3O4 significantly enhanced phenanthrene degradation, whereas the effect of nano Fe3O4 on phenanthrene degradation was more pronounced under sulfate and nitrate reducing conditions.The phenanthrene degradation rate constant under sulfate reducing condition was 1.39 times higher than that of the control treatment. Electron transfer system (ETS) activity demonstrated that the addition of Fe3O4 significantly enhances microbial respiration activity. Compared with the control, the ETS activity of the nano-Fe3O4 and the micro-Fe3O4 treatment increased by 441.7%~511.2% and 113.8%~141.1%, respectively. The microbial community structure indicated that the addition of Fe3O4 increased the abundance of aromatic compound-degrading bacteria such as Hydrogenophaga and Ignavibacterium, and relative to micron Fe3O4, nano Fe3O4 augments the abundance of PAH-degrading bacteria, Achromobacter and Ensifer. Furthermore, nano Fe3O4 may mediate intermicrobial electron transfer by releasing more Fe(II) and Fe(III). These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the pivotal role of magnetite in the biodegradation of organic pollutants, offering a potential approach for the remediation of contaminated sediments.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 208-222 [Abstract] ( 115 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3515KB] ( 491 )
Solid Waste
223 Ultrasonic combined with enzymatic pretreatment strengthens anaerobic digestion of food waste
CHEN Jia-xin, YAN Yi-ming, LIU Shi-man, FENG Yi-zhuo, FEI Qiang, MA Ying-qun
Microbial-based compound enzyme was in-situ prepared using food waste as the sole substrate in this study, and the effect and mechanism of ultrasonic combined with enzymatic pretreatment on methane production of food waste was investigated systematically. Results showed that the combined pretreatment could enhance the methane production of food waste, which was higher than that of single ultrasonic or enzymatic pretreatment, while increased the enzyme dosage could further improve the methane production. The maximal methane yield could reach (369.86±14.06)mL/g VS, which was 57.21% higher than that of the unpretreated food waste. The mechanism dissection revealed that the combined pretreatment promoted the decomposition of biomacromolecules in food waste, which was transferred from solid to liquid phase, thereby improving the biodegradability of fermentation substrate. Meanwhile, it was found that the combined pretreatment changed the protein secondary structure and destroyed the surface morphology of the food waste, and the degradation sequence of the main components in food waste was protein → lipid → starch. Moreover, the combined pretreatment reshaped the microbial community during the anaerobic digestion process by altering the characteristics of food waste, and the enrichment of Methanosaeta, a kind of acetotrophic methanogen, further enhanced the methane production.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 223-233 [Abstract] ( 68 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3001KB] ( 549 )
234 Phosphorus recovery and high purity vivianite synthesis from residual sludge—Based on acid leaching-purification-electrocoagulation three-stage process
LIU Chang, WEI Tao-yuan, QIU Ao-xue, LIAO Wu-bin, HONG Hui, DENG Dan-ni, XIE Shi-wei
An innovative technique for extracting phosphorus and synthesizing high-purity vivianite from incinerated sewage sludge ash was explored in this investigation, which experienced three principal stages, including leaching with sulfuric acid, purification via resin adsorption, and crystallization through iron electrocoagulation. The optimal conditions for acid leaching of phosphate (PO43-) from incinerated sewage sludge ash were examined by the response surface methodology, and the optimal operational parameters for the iron electrocoagulation process were determined by the Box-Behnken Design. The results indicate that phosphorus extraction efficiency of 92.80% was achieved at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 37.60mL/g, a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.125mol/L, and an acid leaching duration of 90.0min, the metal cations interfering with phosphate precipitation, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, and Fe2+/3+ were efficiently removed by 732cation exchange resin, all phosphorus was removed from the solution successfully during the iron electrocoagulation process at an initial solution pH value of 2.00, a current of 2.00A, and a reaction time of 30.0min, meanwhile, vivianite with a purity of 97.37% were synthesized. The outcomes show that the three-step method facilitates phosphorus recovery from incinerated sewage sludge ash. 61.44% of the phosphorus was retrieved as high-purity vivianite through the three steps; the recovery process costs 14.66yuan per kilogram product of vivianite and yields a profit of 30.68yuan.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 234-242 [Abstract] ( 81 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1731KB] ( 663 )
Soil Pollution Control
243 Residues and influencing factors of herbicides in dryland soil profiles in the black soil region of Northeast China
LIU Han-qiang, LI Rui, JIAN Le, HU Wen-you, XIE En-ze, HUANG Biao, ZHAO Yong-cun
This study examined the vertical distribution of herbicide residues in 14 typical dryland soil profiles (0~100cm) from the black soil region of Northeast China. Residues from 57 different herbicides were measured across various soil depths to clarify their vertical distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The findings revealed that herbicide residue characteristics were primarily influenced by the application strategies under different land uses. Notably, nicosulfuron, a commonly used herbicide in cornfields, exhibited significantly higher residue levels in the 0~60cm soil layer compared to other herbicides. A negative correlation was observed between the herbicide's octanol-water partition coefficient (logKow) and its distribution ratio in the surface soil (0~20cm) (P<0.001), while a positive correlation was found between the herbicide's degradation period and its distribution ratio in the deep soil (80~100cm) (P<0.05). Additionally, soil pH was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in surface soils (P<0.05), and soil bulk density was negatively correlated with herbicide residues in deep soils (P<0.05). Summer rainfall was found to enhance the vertical migration of herbicides within the soil profile. These results provide crucial data and a scientific foundation for the mitigating, risk control and management of herbicide residues in the agricultural soils of China's black soil region.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 243-252 [Abstract] ( 101 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 897KB] ( 364 )
253 Construction of ecological safety threshold prediction model for metal elements in soils
SHI Wan-yang, WANG Xue-dong, BIAN Jian-lin, LI Meng-jia, MA Yi-bing
This study collected 616 toxicological data of 8 elements on 5 species and 3 microbial processes in 31 Chinese soils through literature collection, attempting to construct a new model for predicting the toxicity of limited elements in soil data—the Quantitative ion characteristic activity relationship (s-QICAR) model. Firstly, based on the normalization method of soil properties, the toxicity values (logEC10; 1.42~3.35) of 8 elements to 5 species and 3 microbial processes were obtained under three soil scenarios of acidic, neutral, and alkaline. On this basis, the relationship between the 23 structural characteristic parameters of elements and their corresponding biological toxicity values was analyzed, and 24s-QICAR models (R2=0.70~0.98; P=0.001~0.023) were established using the covalent radius (CR) of elements. Furthermore, s-QICAR was used to predict the logEC10 (1.44~3.20) of V, As, Se, and Sn for 8species. Combined with the species sensitivity distribution curve, the HC5values of these four elements protecting 95% of organisms under three scenarios were calculated. After correction, the predicted no-effect concentrations of the four elements in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil scenarios were V:13,16,17mg/kg; As:10,13,15mg/kg;Se:4.9,7.2,8.4mg/kg;Sn:42,44,45mg/kg, and the ecological risk threshold map for these 4elements was drawn. This study establishes a new method applicable to the ecological risk of soil elements in China, providing scientific basis for soil environmental risk assessment and management.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 253-264 [Abstract] ( 105 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1780KB] ( 390 )
Emerging Contaminants
265 Simulation of the impacts of varying junction angles and flow ratios on microplastic transport in confluences
CAO Li-wei, SHEN Yu-han, GAO Wei-zheng, LI De-hong, LI Xiao-long, LI Sheng
Microplastics exhibited unique properties and possessed a wide distribution across various environments. The confluence served as a key point for the contamination of microplastics. At present, there was a lack of effective methods to reveal the motion characteristics and accumulation areas of microplastics at the confluence. The motion and fate of microplastics should be accurately captured at the confluence. The three-dimensional hydrodynamic-microplastic transport model for microplastics was established at the confluence. The transport mechanism and fate of microplastics were investigated under varying junction angles and flow ratios through the coupled CFD-DEM method. The results showed that (1) The low velocity zones, including the flow separation, flow stagnation, and downstream of the flow separation, would evolve into regions of microplastic accumulation. (2) Microplastics were primarily influenced by the vortex located in the flow separation, entering the vortex zone from the right bank of the mainstream and gradually forming an elliptical enrichment region. (3) The concentrations of microplastics in the center of the flow separation were positively correlated with the junction angles. (4) There was a linear negative correlation between the concentrations of microplastics and the flow ratios in the center of the flow separation, R2=0.9007. The number of microplastics in the flow separation exhibited a significant negative correlation with the flow ratio at the confluence. The findings of the study would advance the fundamental understanding of microplastic motion in confluences and establish a theoretical framework for precise prevention and control strategies against microplastic pollution.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 265-277 [Abstract] ( 80 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5109KB] ( 546 )
278 The effects of PE and PLA microplastics on nitrogen metabolism related functional microorganisms in water
WANG Zhi-chao, MA Yu, YANG Li-wen, YIN Zhen-yu, BAI Long, LI Wei-ping
To have explored the mechanism of the impact of MPs on the nitrogen metabolism function of water bodies, the study had conducted indoor simulation experiments from the perspective of microorganisms. Specifically, it had experimentally tested the impact of traditional polyethylene (PE) microplastics and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics at various concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10mg/L) on total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrite (NO2--N), and nitrate (NO3--N) levels. Furthermore, it had analyzed the effects on nitrogen-metabolizing microbial communities and their functional genes. The results had shown that both PE and PLA microplastics had contribute to nitrogen accumulation in water. PE microplastics increased TN concentrations by 53.77% to 94.76%, while PLA microplastics had caused an increase of 24.04% to 48.74% compared to the control. The impact on different nitrogen forms had varied according to the type and concentration of microplastics. Notably, PE microplastics had been negatively correlated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Cyanobacteria, whereas PLA microplastics had exhibited a positive correlation with bacteria involved in inorganic nitrogen processes, such as Actinobacteria. It had further shown that both PE and PLA microplastics had significantly affected genes responsible for nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction, and denitrification. This research had highlightsed the complex effects of microplastics on nitrogen cycling in aquatic systems, with the same particle size but different types and concentrations of MPs leading to varied outcomes on microbial community structure and nitrogen metabolism functions.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 278-291 [Abstract] ( 113 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4320KB] ( 636 )
292 Temporal and spatial distribution, sources, and transport of organochlorine pesticides in the Chaoshuidong karst system
ZHAO Pei-pei, XIONG Jun-wu, ZHANG Chao, YANG Xiu-wen, QIN Chao-jie, QIAN Zhe, ZHAO Ya-hui, ZHANG Xue-ming, LIU Wei, QI Shi-hua, CHEN Wei
This study investigated the susceptibility of karst groundwater from surface pollution. A typical karst spring system (the Chaoshuidong in Yichang, Hubei Province of China) was selected to analyze the contamination characteristics, sources, and transport processes of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Water, soil, and sediment samples were collected in four seasons for OCP analysis. The results showed that the average concentrations of OCPs in surface water, spring water, soil and sediment samples from Chaoshuidong system were 8.25ng/L, 5.11ng/L, 15.9ng/g and 12.6ng/g, respectively. OCPs concentrations in the Chaoshuidong system were relatively lower than in other regions, with seasonal fluctuations closely correlated to hydrogeological conditions and OCPs transport dynamics. Composition analysis of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) indicated that HCHs were primarily from agricultural inputs of Lindane(γ-HCH) in the water and sediments, while the technical HCH dominated in the soils. DDTs were mainly a mixture of inputs from technical DDT and dicofol pesticide in all three media. The contribution of OCPs from the soils in the recharge area to the upstream surface water and to the spring water was 87.8% and 58.3%, respectively, and the contribution of OCPs from the spring water in the discharge area to the spring sediments was 64.2%. This study demonstrated that OCPs can be rapidly transported from recharge area to discharge area through two primary pathways: surface transport and underground transport, subsequently contaminating water bodies.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 292-301 [Abstract] ( 83 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2207KB] ( 387 )
302 Degradation of emerging pollutants via ferrate catalyzed by magnetic biochar: efficiency and mechanism
QIU Qi, ZHENG Rui-bin, ZHOU Wei-wei, SUN Shao-fang, GAO Ming-chang, QIU Li-ping, LI Hong-lan
The degradation efficiency of various emerging pollutants by potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) catalysed through magnetic biochar (MC) prepared using hydrothermal-calcination method was investigated. The reactive species in M-BC/Fe(VI) system and the effects of the dosage of M-BC, Fe(VI), pH value and natural organic matters on the degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were studied. The results indicated that the removal of SMX by alone M-BC (50mg/L) and Fe(VI) (50μmol/L) were 3.5% and 54.1% during 20min, respectively, while the M-BC/Fe(VI) system achieved an SMX degradation rate of 89.6%. Experiments with probe compounds and inhibitors confirmed that the primary reactive species in the system were intermediate valence iron (Fe(V)/Fe(IV)). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the main active sites on M-BC were surface phenolic hydroxyl groups. Under pH conditions of 8, increasing the dosages of Fe(VI) and M-BC enhanced the removal of SMX by the M-BC/Fe(VI) system. Compared to the alone Fe(VI) system, the degradation of SMX in the M-BC/Fe(VI) system was increased by 114%, 63.6%, 300%, and 350% at pH 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. Low concentrations of natural organic matter (1mg/L) promoted the degradation of SMX by the M-BC/Fe(VI) system, but high concentrations of natural organic matter (5~10mg/L) competed with SMX for Fe(VI) and Fe(V)/Fe(IV), leading to a decrease in the degradation efficiency of SMX. Additionally, the M-BC/Fe(VI) system achieved SMX degradation of 100% and 83.7% in spring and Yellow River water, highlighting its potential for practical application in water treatment process.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 302-309 [Abstract] ( 96 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1107KB] ( 394 )
310 Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by bismuth oxybromide co-modified with biochar and oxygen vacancies
YU Han-bo, CHEN Ning-lu, LI Ao-xiang, HU Wei, LI Ye-wang, JI Xue-ting, CHEN Ai-xin, ZHAO Yu, XIONG Ting
A composite photocatalyst of bismuth oxybromide with oxygen vacancies covered by biochar (BC/OV-BiOBr, BOVB) was developed by hydrothermal method. Its photocatalytic performance was investigated with tetracycline (TC) as the target pollutant, and the catalytic effect was verified by dye pollutants. The results showed that 99.8% of tetracycline (TC) and 100% Rhodamine B(RhB) could be decomposed within 60min or 40min under visible light, of which degradation rates were 8.92 times and 9.82 times that of pure BiOBr, respectively. The degradation process of pollutants had strong resistance to pH change and low concentration co-existing ions. The results of phase characterization and photoelectrochemical performance test showed that the morphology was changed from flake to flower and the concentration of oxygen vacancies was increased after adding biochar, which were beneficial to improve the photoresponse and accelerate the charge transfer. Due to the synergistic effect between biochar and oxygen vacancies in driving the free radical chain reaction, the concentration of superoxide free radical (·O2-) in the system was increased, which was further transformed it into hydroxyl free radical (·OH), providing abundant strong oxidizing active species for pollutant degradation. In addition, good cyclic stability was certified by 5consecutive degradation experiments.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 310-321 [Abstract] ( 90 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3797KB] ( 388 )
Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Health
322 Association between perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances mixture exposure and hyperuricemia
FENG Yu, PU Shao-wei, CHEN Zhu-mei, ZHU Jun-liang, CAI Wei-jie, LIU Hong-bo
To evaluate the association and combined effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mixtures on hyperuricemia (HUA) and identify key components, this study analyzed data from 2,564 subjects in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2016 using logistic regression, weighted quantile sum regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Higher levels of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), n-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOA), and perfluoromethylheptane sulfonic acid isomers (Sm-PFOS) were positively associated with HUA when PFAS was exposed as a single source (P<0.05). When considered as mixture exposure, PFAS mixtures were positively associated with HUA overall, with a 39.6% increase in the risk of HUA for each quartile increase in PFAS mixtures (WQS index) (OR=1.396,95%CI: 1.180~1.651, P<0.001), and this association was only observed in the female population. n-PFOA and Sm-PFOS were identified as key components, while linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) may be negatively associated with HUA in the mixture. Potential interactions between various PFAS were also observed. The research findings can provide the latest epidemiological evidence for the study of the association between PFAS exposure and the risk of hyperuricemia, offering a basis for screening key populations.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 322-330 [Abstract] ( 85 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 767KB] ( 318 )
331 Study on the allergic rhinitis characteristics with the patterns of airborne pollen dispersion and environment conditions
GUO Chun-yan, HAO Yu-zhu, WANG Jia
Pollen allergy is a global health problem which also has attracted much attention in China, and the incidence is increasing in the northern area. The data of daily airborne pollen concentration, meteorological conditions, vegetation growth and allergic patient were analyzed from 2017 to 2022 in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There were two peaks of pollen dissemination every year. The first peak was in early April, which was a greater proportion of woody plant pollen, with a short duration. The second peak was from August to September, mainly composed of herbaceous plants pollen such as Artemisia of Compositae pollen, with a long duration and had much more serious sensitization effect. The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature of ≥5°C from January to June was significantly negatively correlated with the start date of the peak pollen dispersal period, while the cumulative precipitation and cumulative sunshine hours from the early stage to the flowering period were significantly positively correlated with the end date of the peak pollen dispersal period. The higher the accumulated temperature was, the earlier the peak period of pollen dispersal started. The end date of peak period would be delayed by the large amount of precipitation and light hours, meanwhile the number of pollen dispersal would increase. There were statistically significant or significant positive correlation between the cumulative value of each meteorological factor or the vegetation index and the monthly average pollen concentration. Appropriate light hours and precipitation, the vegetation would grown well, which would promote pollen dispersal and stimulate an increase in concentration. The number of Allergic Rhinitis patients was consistent with the variation of pollen concentration, and was reaching a peak in August. When the pollen concentration exceeds 100 grains/1000mm2, there was a lag period of 0~4days in the peak of AR treatment, among which the most obvious incremental effect was after 2 days. The number of patients was exponentially related to the pollen concentration in a ten-day time range. The above results would provide some practical reference for pollen concentration meteorological forecasting services and the prevention and treatment of AR caused by pollen allergy.<
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 331-342 [Abstract] ( 102 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1427KB] ( 372 )
Environmental Ecology
343 Prediction of nitrogen leaching from winter-wheat production in North China based on random forest and XGBoost
LI Tao-yu, XU Xiu-chun, YANG Xuan, CUI Bin, CHEN Heng-ai, ZHAO Xiao-ying, YUAN Ning, MENG Fan-qiao
Winter wheat is the main cereal crop in Northern China, and excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation are employed in recent years to ensure a high grain yield. A high amount of N was lost via leaching, which exacerbated the risk of non-point source pollution and further increased the resource waste. It is highly necessary to clarify the characteristics and influencing factors of N leaching loss during the winter wheat season in the region. The literature on N leaching loss from the winter wheat production in Northern China, published from 2000 to 2023 was screened, and linear, multiple-factor regression models, as well as random forest and XGBoost models were established in the study. The research showed that the N leaching during the winter wheat season was mainly affected by the fertilizer rate and irrigation water, as well as soil properties (pH, clay and sand content), and was effectively inhibited by crop straw incorporation. Multiple variable combinations were constructed based on the results of importance analysis and stepwise regression. Grid search method, Bayesian and the combination of Bayesian and Early stopping were used to optimize the model parameters. The models constructed through Random Forest, based on all influential variables and based on the influential variables screened by stepwise, had the R2 of 0.628 and 0.708, respectively, and the R2 for the corresponding models constructed through XGBoost were 0.745 and 0.722, respectively. This indicates that the prediction effects of N leaching based on Random Forest and XGBoost were much better than the linear and multiple-factor regression models. The influence of multiple factors on N leaching was comprehensively considered in the machine learning models, and the effects of prediction were better when choosing the influential variables screened by empirical statistical methods as independent variables. The results of this study can provide technical support for reducing the N leaching in the winter wheat production in Northern China.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 343-354 [Abstract] ( 104 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1393KB] ( 465 )
355 Source characteristics of net anthropogenic phosphorus input influence regional phosphorus output
GUO Yu-jing, WANG Yun-qi, ZHOU Xiao-zhou, ZHANG Jian-cong, CHENG Jin-hua, WANG Zhen, ZHANG Xiao-ming, LI Peng
To investigate the impact of phosphorus input on phosphorus output in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, this study utilized the Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Input (NAPI) model and the improved Export Coefficient Model (ECM) to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of phosphorus input and output from 2006 to 2021, as well as their response relationship. The results showed that the annual NAPI value initially increased and then decreased, with a peak in 2015. The distribution of NAPI values exhibited spatial clustering among counties, with phosphorus fertilizers contributing the most to NAPI, averaging 64.42% annually. Total phosphorus (TP) output fluctuated around 2500 tons per year with a slowly increasing trend, and the areas with high TP values shifted from the northeastern to the southwestern parts of the reservoir area. Dryland contributed the most to TP, with an annual average of 41.25%. There was a positive correlation between TP and NAPI, with the phosphorus input from human food and animal feed (Pim) having the greatest overall impact on TP, followed by non-food phosphorus input (Pnf) and phosphorus fertilizer input (Pfer). Pim was found to generate more TP per unit than Pnf and Pfer. The phosphorus output rate ranged from 1.18% to 2.26%, with an annual average of 1.78%. The proportion of Pim had the greatest influence on the phosphorus output rate, followed by the proportion of Pnf, with the output rate increasing as the proportions of Pim and Pnf increased. In contrast, the proportion of Pfer was negatively correlated with the phosphorus output rate. Pim posed the greatest threat to potential regional phosphorus pollution risks. This study provides scientific references for water environment management in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 355-368 [Abstract] ( 84 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4755KB] ( 406 )
369 Estimation of net primary productivity and correlation study with climate parameters in Jiangxi Province using the enhanced CASA model
LU Tie-ding, ZHANG Yuan, ZENG Si-ting, TAO Rui, TENG Yue
This research increases the accuracy of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) estimation in the CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model by refining the calculation methods for solar radiation parameters and water stress coefficients. Based on the improvement, correlation and trend analysis of NPP and meteorological variables were carried out.Following model optimization, the correlation between NPP and field observation data improved to 0.62. From 2001 to 2022, the annual average NPP in Jiangxi Province increased steadily, with the average value exceeding 1000gC/(m2·a). The monthly NPP values were in the following seasonal order: autumn > summer > winter > spring, with July having the highest value. The highest and lowest annual NPP values were observed in 2018 and 2010, respectively. Trend analysis and correlation facts show that, despite a decline in solar radiation from 2001 to 2022, NPP changes were not considerably impacted. A least-squares regression model revealed that NPP increased with rising temperature and decreased with decreasing sun radiation. Despite recent increases in extreme events (2019~2022), there has been no notable decrease in NPP levels.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 369-378 [Abstract] ( 92 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3024KB] ( 367 )
379 Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in global marine surface waters
YANG Zhi-hui, ZHANG Li-lan, YANG Rui
This study used a meta-analysis approach to examine the distribution of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Phe, Pyr and BbF) in the surface water of the world's seas as well as the factors that influence them. According to the findings, the Pacific Ocean had significantly greater concentrations of Phe, Pyr and BbF (16.885, 15.787, and 0.642ng/L) than the other oceans. These concentrations were also significantly linked with salinity, temperature, latitude, distance from coast, and chlorophyll. According to the findings, energy consumption and oceanic PAHs had a substantial and positive correlation (P<0.05). The distribution pattern of PAHs in the world's oceans is shown by this study, which offers a scientific foundation for the development of practical methods for the prevention and management of marine pollution.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 379-389 [Abstract] ( 81 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2495KB] ( 408 )
390 Process on emergency treatment technology of cyanobacterial blooms in Lacustrine/reservoir water sources
CAI Qi-jia, MA Qian-li, GOU Ting, LIANG Rong-chang, CHEN Si-li, HUANG Da-wei, ZHAO Rui, FENG Yan-hui, YAO Ling-ai
The tolerance to cyanobacterial blooms and the need for ecological safety vary spatially across different areas of lake and reservoir water sources (e.g., intake areas, lake/reservoir zones, bay areas), which requires more precise selection and application of emergency response technologies. Currently, there is a wide range of emergency response technologies available for cyanobacterial blooms, but selecting efficient and safe technologies that are tailored to the specific scenarios of lake and reservoir water sources presents a technical challenge for emergency responders. This study first details the theoretical foundations of current emergency response technologies for cyanobacterial blooms, focusing on three main aspects: rapid algae-water separation, environmental factor regulation, and physiological growth inhibition, providing a theoretical basis for technology application. Secondly, based on spatial heterogeneity, the study categorizes different treatment areas within lake and reservoir water sources: interception, skimming, filtration, and clear water dispatching for highly sensitive intake areas; aeration, pressurized algae control, ultrasonic, flotation, and magnetic separation technologies for lake/reservoir zones; and flocculation, modified clay, chemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, allelopathic plants, and microbial algae control for bay areas. Finally, the study comprehensively compares the technical requirements, advantages, duration of effectiveness, and application costs of these technologies in different water areas, providing a reference for the selection and development of emergency response technologies for cyanobacterial blooms in lake and reservoir water sources.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 390-405 [Abstract] ( 83 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 991KB] ( 676 )
406 Bottom-up and zooplankton’s top-down effects on the phytoplankton communities in Yilong Lake
QIU Fei, ZHANG Zhao-yang, CHEN Li, ZHU Jun-yu, GONG Xue, ZHENG Xin, ZHANG Tao, LI Tian-li, ZHAO Shuai-ying, CHEN Guang-jie
We conducted a seasonal survey on phytoplankton and environmental factors in Yilong Lake from summer, 2020 to spring, 2021 to uncover the seasonal pattern of phytoplankton community structure and biomass, and further identify the driving forces of bottom-up and zooplankton’s top-down effect in mediating phytoplankton variations through multivariate analysis. The results showed that the phytoplankton’s biomass in Yilong Lake ranged from 7.12mg/L to 66.07mg/L, with the highest value in September and the lowest value in December. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Cyanophyta, which contributed to 42.91% to 95.67% of total phytoplankton biomass. Raphidiopsis raciborskii, absolutely predominated during the investigation period (23.43%~84.30%), reflecting its strong competitive advantages. The ANOSIM and Kruskal-Wallis analyses indicated that there existed significant temporal fluctuation in phytoplankton community structure and biomass(P<0.05). The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the biomass of phytoplankton, Cyanophyta and R. raciborskii were all positively related to total phosphorus(P<0.05), total nitrogen and water temperature and negatively related to transparency and ammonia nitrogen(P<0.05), but had no significant correlation with zooplankton biomass(P>0.05). The RDA results showed that total phosphorus, total nitrogen, silicate, water temperature and water depth were among the significant factors in driving phytoplankton community in Yilong Lake. The results of variation partitioning further revealed that the bottom-up effect (water temperature, nutrients and water depth) and top-down effect (zooplankton community) accounted for 20.30% and 0.20% of the total variance independently with a shared portion of 5.80%. Therefore, the bottom-up effect had a greater impact on variations in phytoplankton community than the top-down effect by zooplankton in Yilong Lake. This may be because zooplankton in Yilong Lake had small mean body length (ZB/ZA:0.0019 ±0.0018) and relatively low biomass (0.56±0.39mg/L), and thus resulting in the weak grazing pressure on algae (ZB/PB:0.0303±0.0271). Our results will provide scientific data for the ecological assessment and integrated watershed management of Yilong Lake.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 406-415 [Abstract] ( 107 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1011KB] ( 513 )
416 Factors influencing urban coastal ecological resilience based on the STIRPAT model: a case study of Shenzhen City
QI Xiao-li, LUAN Bo, ZHOU Wen-jun, LUO Jia-ning, YU Lu
We established an assessment framework for coastal ecological resilience and conducted a regional evaluation in the area of Shenzhen as a case study. The STIRPAT model was employed to quantify the socioeconomic factors affecting coastal ecological resilience and identify key influencing factors and the extent of their impact. Strategies for coastal zone protection and restoration were also proposed. The results showed that, in 2021, the Shenzhen's coastal ecological resilience score ranged from 8.97 to 92.12, indicating a distinct spatial difference between the eastern and western parts, with a higher ecological resilience in the former. The spatial pattern of coastal ecological resilience was closely associated with the underlying geographical characteristics and urban developmental features of the area. The level of regional affluence was identified as a major negative factor impacting the resilience, followed by other factors such as reclaimed land area, environmental pollution, and population density. Conversely, a reduction in water consumption per unit of GDP showed a positive effect on coastal ecological resilience, suggesting that technological innovation and high-quality economic development can significantly enhance coastal ecological resilience. The results of this study provide a new method for studying ecological resilience in high-density urban coastal zones and a scientific basis for coastal zone management.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 416-429 [Abstract] ( 91 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2018KB] ( 1396 )
430 Nutrient removal effect of plant+microbial combined ecological ditch under salinity stress
YANG Wen-huan, PENG Yao-hua, XU Yan, YAO Zhi, WANG Le-le, LI Wei-ping
To efficiently remove nutrient salts in high salinity lakes, this study implemented a plant+microbial ditch at Daihai Lake. The nutrient removal efficiency, plant growth, and microbial community dynamics of this ecological ditch was investigated across different salinity gradients. Immobilizing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on polyurethane sponge within the ditch could significantly promote the growth of plant, enhance the activity of antioxidant stress-related enzymes, and strengthen the ability of plants to absorb and assimilate nutrients. Addiing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the ditch could not make it become the absolute dominant genus. but it could improve the microbial community structure, increase the abundance of functional microorganisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and enhance the water purification capacity of the ditch. Compared to ecological ditches with plant-only or microorganism-only, the integrated ecological ditch could achieve higher nutrient removal rates across different salinity concentrations. Specifically, over 70% TN, NH4+-N, TP, and CODCr could be removed in the integrated ditch at 15g/L salinity. Compared plant-only ditch, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in plants were increased 33.7%, 43.6%, and 38.7%, respectively, in planted+microbial ditch at 15.0g/L salinity.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 430-439 [Abstract] ( 88 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1853KB] ( 484 )
440 Remediation of saline-alkali soil microecology by a combined system of mycorrhizal fungus-Bacillus subtilis
YE Bin-yu, YU Yue, HE Pei-yi, XIE Qi-xiao, YANG Rui-ying, WU Jia-rui, LIU Yi-lin, LIN Zi-ran, LAI Wei-yu, XU Ling-yi, LIU Peng, HONG Hua-chang
To alleviate the harmful effects of salinization on soil micro-ecological environments, this study investigates the restorative effects of a dual microbial system on saline-alkaline soil. The experiment used the tomato variety 'Zhongshu No. 4' (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) as the test plant and tested arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Bacillus subtilis as inoculants. Inoculations were carried out using pot culture and root drenching methods, with saline-alkaline solutions at concentrations of 15mmol/L (SA1), 75mmol/L (SA2), and 150mmol/L (SA3), to assess the effects of exogenous AMF and B. subtilis on the soil micro-ecological environment under saline-alkaline stress. Results showed that both AMF+B. subtilis sterilisation solution (Gm) and AMF steriliser+B. subtilis (B) moderately improved the saline-alkaline soil conditions. However, the dual treatment (Gm+B) demonstrated the most pronounced remediation effect. Under the dual inoculation, plant height increased significantly, by 57.52% compared to the blank control (CK1) and by 58.04% compared to the inactivated inoculant control (CK2). In the Gm+B group, soil organic matter increased by a maximum of 47.15% compared to CK1, exceeding the growth observed in the Gm and B treatments alone. Significant increases in soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) were observed, with improvements of 38.85% (SA2+Gm+B), 465.20% (SA1+Gm+B), and 157.75% (SA3+Gm+B), respectively. Soil enzyme activities, including urease, sucrase, and catalase, were markedly enhanced under dual treatment, with increases of 63.64% (SA2+Gm+B), 209.63% (SA3+Gm+B), and 45.26% (SA3+Gm+B), respectively. Soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations increased to 1.93, 1.25, and 4.37times those of CK1under SA2+Gm+B and SA3+Gm+B, indicating a substantial improvement in the rhizosphere microbial community structure. The synergistic interaction of AMF and B. subtilis reduced soil pH and electrical conductivity while significantly increasing soil moisture content. N, P, and K levels showed an upward trend, and AMF colonization rates were enhanced, effectively mitigating the negative effects of saline-alkaline soil on enzyme activities and promoting root and stem development. Therefore, the AMF-B. subtilis dual microbial system demonstrates strong potential for effective ecological restoration of saline-alkaline soil microenvironments.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 440-449 [Abstract] ( 106 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1156KB] ( 515 )
450 Identification of ecological functional areas and multi-scenario simulation study in Anhui province based on trade-off/synergy effect
HUANG Mu-yi, TANG Yu-ru, GUO Qin, WU Xue
The practical needs of specific regions in coordinating various ecosystem services could be effectively addressed through ecological zoning, guided by the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of these services, as well as their trade-offs/synergies. Sustainable development in the study area was promoted by formulating corresponding management strategies according to the specific ecological attributes of different ecosystem services. The identification of ecological functional zones based on the trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services offers a precise and differentiated regulatory framework for ecological function restoration and management. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the InVEST model was employed to assess and analyze the spatial-temporal evolution and trade-offs/synergies of typical ecosystem services in the region from 2000 to 2020. Ecosystem service clusters were extracted through the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) model to define ecological functional zones. The PLUS model was then applied to simulate the evolution trend of integrated ecosystem services by 2050, leading to the proposal of regulatory strategies. Key findings include: ① From 2000 to 2020, water production services and soil conservation in Anhui Province showed continuous improvement, whereas carbon sequestration services, habitat quality, and food supply experienced a decline. The comprehensive ecosystem service index revealed a spatial pattern of "high in the south and low in the north". Approximately 50% of the study area was capable of providing two types of ecosystem services, while only about 11% of the area supported all ecological services. Areas unable to provide ecosystem services increased from 0.07% in 2000 to 4.85% in 2020. ② Strong synergistic effects were observed among water production, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and soil conservation sevices. Conversely, a distinct trade-off was evident between the water production and food production services. ③ Based on this findings, four clusters of ecosystem services were identified: the food supply cluster, ecological conservation cluster, human living environment cluster, and forest protection cluster. Consequently, Anhui Province was divided into agricultural ecological zones, ecological conservation zones, urban development zones, and forest ecological protection zones, each with tailored regulatory strategies.④Multi-scenario simulation analyses revealed that under the ecological protection scenario, habitat quality and carbon sequestration services were optimized. Food production reached its peak under the arable land protection scenario. The ecological protection scenario showed significant improvements in overall ecosystem services. The research outcomes offer a scientific basis for promoting sustainable development and optimizing ecological environment in Anhui Province.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 450-464 [Abstract] ( 83 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5088KB] ( 458 )
465 Simulation of land use and synergistic development between promoting green expansion and economic growth in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
QU Zhi-guang, YANG Bo-yuan, HU Li-dan, Li Fei, WANG Jin-zhuo
This paper is based on simulation data from the "SD-PLUS-InVEST" coupling model, a collaborative evaluation method of regional green expansion and economic growth was developed and carried out at both economic belts and provincial scales. Then, the future simulation features, potential difficulties and new quality policy of realizing the targeted coordinated development were analyzed and discussed from perspective of "economic belt-province and city". The results showed that the land use type in the Yangtze River Economic belt was dominated by forest land, and the overall carbon storage quality indicated a downward trend from 2000 to 2030. The carbon service values under the scenarios of the ecological protection, the high-quality development and the high-speed development scenario decreased by 5.88, 17.664 and 38.303 billion yuan, respectively. Based on the synergy assessment of ecological expansion benefits and economic growth benefits, the level of synergistic development under the high-quality development scenario was optimal. Spatially, there were obvious differences in the level of coordinated development to some extent. Based on the comparative analysis of the mentioned difference characteristics, the targeted policy was proposed to improve quality in the regional synergistic development of green expansion and economic growth.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 465-476 [Abstract] ( 118 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2176KB] ( 449 )
Environmental Microbiology
477 High nitrate load in lakeside groundwater around Lake Taihu promotes the enrichment of denitrifying functional bacteria community
WANG Zhuo-qun, CHEN Kou-ping, WU Ji-chun, WANG Bao-zhan, LIU Xu
The denitrifying functional bacteria community plays a crucial role in the degradation of nitrate pollution. However, the understanding of the relationships between its interspecies links and nitrate load is still limited. Groundwater resources in the vicinity of Lake Taihu serve as vital reserves, yet in some areas, nitrate load in groundwater exceeds health thresholds. This paper focused on 14 groundwater samples with varying nitrate concentrations from the Lake Taihu area. With microbial sequencing techniques, the diversity of bacterial communities in groundwater was explored, and the denitrifying functional bacteria community was identified. The response of interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community to nitrate load was investigated by co-occurrence network analysis. The results indicate: Significant differences were found in bacterial community composition between high and low nitrate samples; The α-diversity and β-diversity were highly influenced by nitrate load; Interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community in the high nitrate samples were denser than those in the low nitrate samples. This study demonstrates that nitrate load in groundwater significantly influences the interspecies links within the denitrifying functional bacteria community, providing new insights into the interplay between groundwater denitrifying functional bacteria community and nitrate load in the Lake Taihu area.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 477-486 [Abstract] ( 83 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2915KB] ( 428 )
487 Characteristics of migration and deposition of microorganisms under different seepage conditions in stormwater recharge
WU Yu-hui, YANG Yue-suo, LU Ying, YAN Zi-han, WANG Qian-dan, SHI Min
Based on the unique hydrodynamic and environmental conditions of stormwater artificial recharge, a series of one-dimensional seepage simulation experiments were conducted. The migration and deposition characteristics of clogging microorganisms within porous media under varying seepage conditions, such as different saturation levels, pH environments, ionic strengths, and recharge rates were systematically analyzed and the development of bioclogging within porous media under different seepage conditions was clarified. DLVO theory was used to reveal the dominant forces during microbial migration under different pH environments and ionic strengths. The results showed that the migration of microorganisms slowed down as saturation decreased, pH lowered, ionic strength of the recharge water increased, or recharge flow rate decreased. Consequently, deposition on the medium increased, while interlayer deposition became more uniform, promoting the formation of bioclogging within the medium. Changes in saturation, pH, or ionic strength had minimal effect on microbial migration when saturation was between 60% and 80%, pH was between 7.5 and 8.5, or ionic strength was between 1and 5mmol/L. Under unsaturated conditions, the impact of recharge rate variations on microbial migration and deposition was weakened when the recharge rate was within the range of 0.5to 1mL/min. Under different pH environments and ionic strengths, the dominant forces during microbial migration in saturated and unsaturated media were electrostatic forces and capillary forces, respectively.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 487-499 [Abstract] ( 92 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1895KB] ( 320 )
500 Isolation and degradation kinetic analysis of a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strain tolerant to high-strength ammonium
WANG Nuo, DAO Yu, QIN Xing-yu, SUN De-zhi, LIU Xin-ying
A heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HNAD) strain WN1 with significant tolerance against high ammonium concentrations was isolated from a reactor treating high-strength ammonium organic wastewater. Based on colony morphology and 16S rDNA analysis, it was identified as Corynebacterium glutamicum. The growth and metabolic characteristics of WN1 were studied under different initial ammonium concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000mg/L, respectively. The results showed that strain WN1 could still grow well (48h, OD600=3.264) at an initial ammonium concentration of 3000mg/L, corresponding to a free ammonia concentration of 590.2mg/L. As initial ammonium concentrations increased from 500 to 3000mg/L, the maximum ammonium conversion rate (Rm) of strain WN1increased from 15.93 to 43.29mg/(L·h). Additionally, the average conversion rates of ammonium and COD were 7.06~9.36mg/(L·h) and 95.63~199.13mg/(L·h), respectively. Furthermore, the Haldane model was used to characterize the growth and substrate degradation properties of strain WN1under different initial ammonium concentrations (R2 = 0.99). Strain WN1had a maximum specific growth rate of umax = 0.36h-1, a maximum specific ammonium degradation rate of rmax = 6.45gN/(gDCW·d), and a maximum specific COD degradation rate of rmax = 122.85gCOD/ (gDCW·d). The ammonium inhibition constant Ki of strain WN1was 3749.49mg/L, indicating greater resistance to high ammonium concentrations compared with other autotrophic or heterotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The results suggest that strain WN1is promising for treating high-strength ammonium organic wastewater.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 500-507 [Abstract] ( 127 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1169KB] ( 335 )
508 Effects of warming and precipitation changes on the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in dry-crop farmland
TIAN Rui, KOU Jin, HU Xiao, ZHANG Peng, LEI Jun, WANG He-ling, LYU Xiao-dong
In this study, Six treatments were established:a control (CK), warming (W), increased precipitation (+P30), decreased precipitation(-P30), increased warming and precipitation (W+P30), and increased warming and decreased precipitation (W-P30). Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of warming and precipitation changes on the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in dry-crop farmland. Macro-genome sequencing was exployed to examine the composition, diversity, network structure and metabolic function characteristics of soil bacterial communities under varying treatments. The results demonstrated that the W and W+P30 treatments significantly elevated the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria, while the W+P30 treatment notably increased the relative abundance of unclassified Chloroflexi. Conversely, the W, +P30, W+P30, and W-P30 treatments significantly reduced the relative abundance of unclassified Actinomycetia. The +P30 treatment resulted in a significant increase in the Shannon, Simpson and Pielou indices, whereas the W-P30 treatment led to a significant reduction in the alpha diversity index of bacteria. Significant differences were observed in the effects of warming, precipitation changes and their interactions on the β-diversity of the bacterial community. The W, +P30, W+P30 and W-P30 treatments exhibited higher complexity and connectivity than the CK treatment. However, the -P30 treatment exhibited lower relevant parameters than CK. The W, -P30 and W+P30 treatments demonstrated an increase in the number of connectivity nodes, whereas the +P30 and W-P30 treatments did not exhibit this increase. The W treatment led to a notable increase in the relative abundance of the circulatory system, while the +P30 treatment resulted in a significantly decreased the relative abundance of xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. The -P30 treatment led to a considerable decrease in the relative abundance of the excretory system, and the W+P30 treatment caused a notable decrease in the relative abundance of nucleotide metabolism. It was observed that warming, precipitation changes (either an increase or decrease in precipitation) and their interaction had significant impact on the structure and metabolic functions of soil bacterial in wheat fields.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 508-518 [Abstract] ( 96 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1752KB] ( 396 )
Carbon Emission Control
519 Temporal and spatial variations of sediment methane production rates and their influencing factors in Lake Taihu
LI Tong, DING Li-fei, WEI Wen-xin, FAN Shi-ming, LIU Cheng, ZHONG Ji-cheng, ZHANG Lei
Researches on lake methane (CH4) production are of great significance for understanding the global CH4 budget since lakes are important releasing sources for CH4. In this study, sediment samples were firstly collected from Lake Taihu China then incubated in the laboratory with the purpose of investigating the temporal and spatial variations of the sediment methane production rates (MPR) in the lake. The environmental factors influencing the production rates were also analyzed. The results showed that MPR in sediments from Lake Taihu was 0.007~176.03μmol/(L·d). Higher MPR were found in the northwest bays and the eastern areas, while MPR in the open areas of Lake Taihu were relatively lower. The MPR in the sediments significantly varied from seasons, with the highest value of (42.85 ± 40.45) μmol/(L·d) in summer and the lowest of (5.26 ± 17.29) μmol/(L·d) in winter. The sediment MPR was positively correlated with the water temperature, the sediment water content, the porosity, the total nitrogen and the organic carbon. Differences of the temperature sensitivity (Q10) for sediment MPR were found from different sampling sites. A significant negative logarithmic correlation between Q10 and MPR was proofed. Microbial community analysis showed that hydrogenotrophic microorganisms dominated the methanogens in sediments of Lake Taihu during the summer. The copy number of the mcrA gene was significantly positively correlated with the sediment MPR. This study would provide important references to the studies of CH4 production, emission and carbon cycle in Lake Taihu and the sediment MPR in other lakes.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 519-527 [Abstract] ( 88 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1397KB] ( 399 )
528 Dynamics of carbon emissions in Yunnan Province: Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors
WANG Qiao-ling, LI Shuang-cheng
This study employs Moran's I index and cold-hot spot analysis to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon emissions in Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2021. Additionally, a random forest model is used to identify the key socioeconomic factors influencing carbon emission of 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. The study finds that there are no significantly low carbon emission areas in Yunnan Province, with emission values generally close to the average and evenly distributed spatially. The hot spot regions remained stable across time, exhibiting a clear spatial clustering effect. Further analysis reveals that industrial added value, energy consumption, population size, and GDP are the main factors affecting carbon emissions. Our findings can offer useful guidance in formulating regional carbon neutrality roadmaps, implementing differentiated carbon reduction strategies, and promoting low-carbon green development.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 528-537 [Abstract] ( 95 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2328KB] ( 658 )
538 Reactive organic carbon emissions from automotive manufacturing industry in China
JIA Hai-yang, GAO Mei-ping, NIE Lei, LIU Wen-wen, WEI Wei
Eight representative automobile manufacturing enterprises were investigated, and 109 samples of raw and auxiliary materials, including coatings and adhesives, were collected to determine reactive organic carbon (ROC) and to establish the source composition spectrum of ROC in automobile manufacturing industry. The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method and two-product parametric method were used to quantify the corresponding contributions of ROC to the generation of O3 and SOA. The results showed that: ① The VOC contents in different types of raw and auxiliary materials varied considerably: the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based and solvent-based automotive coatings were 289.92 and 490.32g/L; the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 27.00, 27.50 and 196.67g/L, respectively; and the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based and solvent-based cleaning agents were 116.60 and 831.20g/L. ② The main components of water-based coatings were alcohol ethers and ether esters, esters and alcohols, the main components of solvent-based coatings were aromatic hydrocarbons, esters and alcohols, and the main components of both bulk and solvent-based adhesives were alkanes. ③ In water-based coatings, the mass proportions of various organics were SVOCs (36.03%), IVOCs (37.77%) and VOCs (26.21%). In solvent-based coatings, the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs (4.59%) and VOCs (95.41%). In bulk adhesives, the main organics was VOCs (100%). In solvent-based adhesives, the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs (2.64%) and VOCs (97.36%). ④ The OFP productions by water-based coatings, solvent-based coatings, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 93.67, 2679.27, 25.82, and 41.82g O3/(L raw materials), respectively, and the primary contributing species were diethylene glycol butyl ether (42.03%), 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (28.29%), 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane (52.20%), and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptae (78.63%), respectively. ⑤ The SOA productions by water-based coatings, solvent-based coatings, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 18.49, 16.70, 4.82, and 4.28g SOA/(L raw materials), respectively. The largest contributions to SOA formation were caused by IVOC and SVOC species in water-based coatings, yet the largest contributions to SOA formation were VOCs species in solvent-based coatings and adhesives. ⑥ After adding the assessment of the contribution of IVOCs and SVOCs species to SOA generation in the study, it was found that SOA productions per unit volume of water-based coatings were higher than that for solvent-based coatings and adhesives, which showed that the effects of SVOCs and IVOCs in water-based coatings on the atmospheric environment should be taken into account in pollution prevention policies formulation.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 538-556 [Abstract] ( 80 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1764KB] ( 386 )
557 Cross-regional energy system optimization and carbon neutrality scenario analysis in China
ZHAO Qing, XU Guang-qing
An inter-regional energy system optimization model, NEMO-China-MR, was constructed in this paper. Based on the economic development and energy demand differences across regions, as well as the regional resource endowments and heterogeneity in new energy development, three scenarios were designed: the reference scenario S0for steadily advancing the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" targets, the comprehensive scenario S1 for supply-demand coordination, and the balanced regional development scenario S2. Each scenario achieved both the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" targets and the transformation of energy demand while building a new power system. The scenario comparison results indicated that supply-demand coordination influenced the optimal development path of the power system. Energy storage facilities and inter-regional transmission overcame the spatial and temporal mismatches of energy resources. Scenario S1 required consideration of future grid uncertainties, while Scenario S2, which promoted healthy economic growth through balanced regional development, reduced grid transmission pressure and was identified as the most ideal development scenario for the future. Moving forward, it is essential to lead the energy system transition through high-quality economic development, construct a new power system through the coordination of electrification and low-carbon power, and build inter-regional transmission channels while promoting balanced regional development.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 557-570 [Abstract] ( 116 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4820KB] ( 539 )
571 Driving factors and decoupling effect of carbon emissions in China's transportation industry under the background of "dual carbon"
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Based on the LMDI decomposition model, the contribution of driving factors of transportation carbon emissions is quantified. The Tapio decoupling model is used to analyze the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth, and the efforts made by each factor to achieve decoupling are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that: Economic output is the decisive factors leading to an increase on transportation carbon emissions, with a contribution rate of 115.93% to carbon emissions; Industrial structure has the most significant inhibiting effect on carbon emissions. The decoupling index of transportation carbon emissions in the national, eastern, central, and western regions is all in a downward trend, experiencing the decoupling trend of expansive negative decoupling → weak decoupling → strong decoupling. The driving factors of transportation carbon emissions in the four regions generally show the phased characteristic of "no decoupling effort → weak decoupling effort → strong decoupling effort". Industrial structure has made varying degrees of decoupling effort in 30provinces, with transportation intensity and population size becoming key factors hindering carbon decoupling in the vast majority of provinces.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 571-582 [Abstract] ( 102 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1328KB] ( 482 )
583 Comparative study on carbon footprint of sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite
SONG Xiao-cong, DU Shuai, DENG Chen-ning, SHEN Peng, ZHU Fang, XIE Ming-hui
Sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite are the two most common types of solid waste ceramsite. To compare and analyze the carbon footprint characteristics of the two types of solid waste ceramsite and quantitatively evaluate the carbon reduction benefits of the products, a carbon footprint accounting model for sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite is constructed from the perspective of carbon footprint. Based on sensitivity analysis, key emission reduction factors are identified, and the carbon reduction potential of sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite is predicted and evaluated through scenario analysis. Meanwhile, using error propagation equations for uncertainty analysis ensures the reliability and effectiveness of carbon footprint results. The results showed that the CO2 emissions from the production of 1kg sludge ceramsite and 1kg fly ash ceramsite were 1.00 and 0.58 kg, respectively. The carbon footprint characteristics of sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite were similar, and the ceramsite production stage was the main link in the carbon emissions of the two ceramsite particle products, accounting for 93.71% and 89.12% of their respective carbon footprints (excluding the raw material acquisition stage), respectively. The raw material structure is the most sensitive factor affecting the carbon footprint of sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite, followed by the transportation structure. Compared with sludge ceramsite, the carbon footprint of fly ash ceramsite is more affected by the adjustment of raw material structure. In the scenario of collaborative optimization, the carbon emission reduction potential of simultaneously optimizing transportation and raw material structure (31%~78%) is far higher than that of simultaneously optimizing transportation and power structure (2%~5%). In addition, the emission reduction potential of the three factors acting simultaneously is the highest, reaching 33%~79%.
2025 Vol. 45 (1): 583-592 [Abstract] ( 91 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1066KB] ( 418 )
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