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  Current Issue
 
2022 Vol.42 Issue.5,Published 2022-05-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Environmental Toxicology and Health
Carbon Emission Control
Air Pollution Control
1985 Analysis of photochemical pollution potential of air masses from various cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Langfang border
WANG Xing-feng, WEI Wei, LI Rui, CHEN Kang, WANG Xiao-qi, CHENG Shui-yuan
PAN online measurement, spatial source apportionment and reaction yield study were carried out in July of 2019 and 2021 in the border of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, to evaluate the photochemical pollution potential of air masses originating from surrounding cities. The observations showed that the mean of PAN in the studied days of 2021 was (0.89±0.21)×10-9, about 63.8% lower than that in the studied days of 2019 [(2.45±0.71)×10-9]. Due to the very short lifetime of PAN in summer, PAN in the border was mainly decided by the photochemical reactions of air masses from surrounding cities that carried the abundant precursors NOx and VOCs. The yield rate of PAN presented the dual-peak pattern with the peak value of 3.08×10-9/h and 1.75×10-9/h respectively in July of 2019 and 2021, which was consistent with the interannual variation of PAN concentration. The higher values of potential source contribution function (PSCF) of PAN appeared within 50 km southeast of the PAN observation site in both studied months, indicating the bigger contribution of air mass transport from Tianjin to PAN in the border. The PAN formation potential and precursor NO2 were both the highest when the observation site was absolutely controlled by Tianjin air masses, which was about 2.03 and 2.01 as higher as those under Beijing air masses, and about 1.53 and 1.21 as higher as those under Langfang air masses. These indicated that the photochemical pollution potential of Tianjin air masses was the highest, which prominence compared to Beijing air masses mainly resulted from NOx and which compared to Langfang air masses resulted from both NOx and VOCs precursors.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 1985-1993 [Abstract] ( 143 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1596KB] ( 498 )
1994 The characteristics of VOCs and ozone formation sensitivity in a typical industrial area in Shenzhen
YU Guang-he, LIN Li-liang, XIA Shi-yong, ZHU Bo, HUANG Xiao-feng
VOCs were sampled online in a typical industrial area in north of Shenzhen from September to October 2020 to analyze the VOCs polluted and used the Observation-Based-Model (OBM) to study the O3 formation sensitivity. During the sampling, the average mixing ratio of TVOCs was about 48.5×10-9, and alkane was the most abundant species, followed by oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), halohydrocarbon, aromatic, alkene, acetylene and acetonitrile. The average ozone formation potential (OFP) of TVOCs was 320μg/m3, among which aromatic, OVOCs and alkane contributed most, and OFP contributed by these three categories exceeded 90%. The diurnal variation of ethene and benzene shown “two peaks and one valley” pattern, mainly contributed by vehicle exhaust. The result of relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analysis indicated that reducing anthropogenic VOCs was most effective method for local O3 formation, and aromatics should be controlled first; empirical kinetics modeling approach curve (EKMA) revealed that the local O3 formation was in the transition area. While carrying out VOCs regional joint control, it is also necessary to carry out strong local NOx control to strengthen the long-term controlling of O3 in this area.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 1994-2001 [Abstract] ( 207 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1355KB] ( 575 )
2002 Multi-source remote sensing analysis of the first sand and dust weather in Northern China in 2021
WANG Ning, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Yuan-yuan, XU Yong-ming, CUI Jia-wen
The daily atmospheric circulation situation and both the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of sand and dust during the first dust weather event in Northern China in 2021 are investigated by using multi-source remote sensing data and NCEP reanalysis data and taking account of the geographical environment and climatic characteristics of the dust source area. The results showed that the abnormal temperature increase and scarce precipitation in the source area lead to a decrease in water content for a large-area bare and loose soil, providing a material basis for the formation of large-scale and high-intensity sand and dust weather; moreover, the frequent activities of cold air turned out to be the driving factor for the outbreak of sand and dust weather. Sand and dust were transported and diffused along the southeast direction in strong winds to the downstream areas. Northwest China, North China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan and northern Jiangnan were affected by sand and dust weather in sequence, where air quality were rapidly deteriorated with the primary pollutant PM10. In addition, the eastward migration of sand and dust aerosols also affected downstream areas such as the Korean Peninsula and Japan. During the transportation process, the sand and dust in the inland areas were mainly distributed in the altitude from 1to 6km, while the sand and dust in the downstream areas were concentrated near the height of 2km. The dust with larger particle size appeared more frequently near the surface, while the smaller particles were mainly distributed in the middle and lower troposphere.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2002-2014 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 14084KB] ( 575 )
2015 Ozone pollution synoptic patterns and their variation characteristics in Guangdong Province
LI Ting-yuan, CHEN Jing-yang, WENG Jia-feng, SHEN Jin, GONG Yu
Based on the surface observation data, reanalysis data as well as the SOM objective classification method, ozone pollution synoptic patterns and their variation characteristics in Guangdong (GD) during 2015~2020 were diagnosed and analyzed by different seasons and regions. The ozone pollution kept an upward tendency year by year from 2015 to 2019, with an impressive increase from 2017 to 2019 but a dramatic decrease in 2020. Changes in meteorological conditions and pollutant emissions played an important role in the variation of O3 pollution. The ozone concentration in dry season was close to or higher than that in wet season, and the number of polluted cities during dry season was also close to wet season. Weak cold high ridge (HR) was the dominant synoptic pattern affecting the ozone pollution, which caused 526cities over standard during 6years. The dominant synoptic patterns of ozone pollution in GD were HR and typhoon periphery (TP) in dry and wet season, respectively. The proportion of pollution days under the control of HR in dry season raised obviously, which surpassed TP in wet season and became the most important weather type affecting ozone pollution. Under the control of HR, the transport paths of ozone in four regions mainly included northeast path and coastal path. Regional ozone pollution in PRD and North-GD were greatly affected by local emissions under the control of TP and DR in wet season, respectively.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2015-2024 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2300KB] ( 783 )
2025 Variations and sources of protein concentrations in PM2.5 during winter haze pollution process in Xi'an
ZHANG Hao-yue, LI Yan-peng, DU Sheng-li, ZHANG Gao-shan, ZHAO Lu-yao
In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected during three haze episodes in Xi’an, China occurring from December, 2019 to January, 2020. Total proteins in PM2.5 were determined via bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). Other chemical compositions such as water-soluble ions and dicarboxylic acids were analyzed using ion chromatography (IC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The correlation analysis combined with backward trajectory model of air mass were then used to examine the response of aerosol proteins to haze pollution process and their potential role in the formation and development of haze pollution. The results showed that the average protein concentration in PM2.5 was pretty high in Xi’an (about (5.587±2.421)μg/m3) during the winter haze pollution episodes. A time-resolved variation in total proteins was characterized by slightly higher concentration at night than that in daytime. There was a significantly positive correlation between the concentrations of total protein and those of Cl-and K+in PM2.5, indicating that the sources of aerosol proteins were associated with coal and biomass combustion. The concentrations of NO3- and SO42- showed a significant and positive correlation with total proteins, suggesting that the proteins may be involved in the oxidation of NOx and SO2. In highly humid conditions, protein aerosols are prone to hygroscopicity growth, and they are also easy to adsorb gaseous pollutants to promote heterogeneous reactions, which may be conducive to the generation of secondary aerosols during haze pollution.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2025-2033 [Abstract] ( 120 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1447KB] ( 380 )
2034 Composition characteristics of chemical and stable carbon isotopes in PM2.5 of Yulong Snow Mountain
XIAO Yang-ning, XIAO Hong-wei, CHEN Zhen-ping, HUANG Li-lei, MA Yan, LI Zhi-tao, LENG Quan, JIN Xue-wu, XIAO Hua-yun
In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected in the Yulong Snow Mountain in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from April to August 2020. A total of 44 samples were taken to measure the composition of water-soluble ions, the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), the concentration of total carbon (TC), and alongside the composition of stable carbon isotope (δ13CTC). As measured, the TC concentrations of Yulong Snow Mountain in spring and summer were (7.1±3.8) μg/m3 and (2.9±0.7) μg/m3respectively, and the WSOC concentrations (3.3±2.1) μg/m3 and (1.5±0.4) μg/m3, showing a trend as high in spring and low in summer. The δ13CTC values in spring and summer were measured as (-24.7±1.0)‰ and (-26.0±0.6) ‰ respectively, which were more positive in spring than in summer, indicating that the value difference may be affected by different sources. As suggested by analysis of nss-K+correlation, FIRMS of NASA, and backward trajectory, biomass burning in Southeast Asia in spring may serve as the dominant contributor. Besides, the Bayesian model was also utilized to calculate the contribution of TC sources to PM2.5 in Yulong Snow Mountain. The results pointed that biomass burning and coal combustion accounted for the main sources in spring, with contribution rates of 60.6% and 23.5% respectively. Whereas in summer, TC mainly comes from biomass burning, plant evaporation, and vehicle emissions, together with the formation of secondary organic aerosol whose contribution cannot be ignored.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2034-2040 [Abstract] ( 145 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 754KB] ( 539 )
2041 Sophisticated emission inventory of air pollutants from coal-fired boilers in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
LIU Jie-yu, GAO Jia-jia, TONG Ya-li, YUE Tao, WANG Kun, WANG Xin
Based on environmental statistics data, a sophisticated county-based emission inventory on multiple air pollutants from coal-fired industrial boilers (CFIBs) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in 2020 was established by using the emission factor method. Results showed that the emission of SO2, NOx, particulate matter (PM), PM10, PM2.5 from CFIBs in BTH region were about 6351, 7399, 2952, 825, 399t, respectively, of which the emission of PM10 and PM2.5 accounted for 27.9% and 13.5% of the PM emission. The trace metal emissions of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and As were 197.9, 1391.3, 32.0, 1214.2, 362.4kg, respectively. CFIBs with the capacity above 65t/h was the dominant emission sources, and their emission of various pollutants accounted for 51.1% to 81.2% of the total emissions in BTH region, which would be the focus of pollution control and compliance management in the future. Chengde, Tangshan and Zhangjiakou were the top three cities with the largest pollutant emissions with their combined emission accounting for 14.6%~71.9% of the total emissions in the whole BTH region. Some counties within Tianjin, Langfang and Tangshan had relatively high pollutants emission intensities.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2041-2049 [Abstract] ( 141 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2824KB] ( 727 )
2050 Effects of chemical properties of fuel on the composition of PM2.5 released by combustion
ZHU Zhong-pan, GUO Yu-xuan, WEI Mao, ZHU He, MA Yuan-fan, ZHENG Wen-xia, GUO Fu-tao
We simulated the flaming and smoldering combustion process of different organs (branches, leaves and barks) of six typical tree species in Yunnan Province based on a self-designed combustion apparatus. The emitted particulate matters (PM2.5) were collected, and the emission factors of eight elements (K, Mg, etc) were measured and calculated. On this basis, the differences of element content in PM2.5 between different combustion states were compared, and the correlations between element emission factors and element content in the fuel were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of K, Mg and Ca in the fuel were high, range of (137.74~4670.70) mg/kg, and the trace element Mn was prominent. The element content of broad-leaved species was generally higher than that in conifers, and significant differences were found among the element content from different organs. The PM2.5 emission factors of major elements were higher than those of trace elements, K and Na were high in major elements, range of (0.4269~4.9321)~(0.6311~3.0856) mg/kg, Zn and Cu were respectively the highest and lowest in trace elements, range of (0.0409~0.3670)~(0.0029~0.0458) mg/kg . The element emission factors of PM2.5 in conifers were higher than those in broad-leaved species, and the differences of element content (emission factor) among organs were large. The combustion state affected the emission factors of major elements (generally burning > smoldering). For the element content ratio (before and after combustion), Na occupied the highest ratio and proportion of residual elements was generally in the range of 0 ~ 1%. The trace elements were higher than the major elements, and conifers were higher than broad-leaved species. Chemical properties significantly affected the emission characteristics of fuel. The correlations between elements of fuel and emitted particulate matters were strong with coefficients > 0.60. The correlation levels of different elements in fuel were as follows: major elements were generally higher than trace elements, conifers were slightly higher than broad-leaved species, leaves > barks > branches, and flaming combustion was more significant than smoldering combustion.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2050-2059 [Abstract] ( 121 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1104KB] ( 335 )
2060 Emissions and distribution characteristics of heavy metal in 1000MW near-zero emission coal-fired units
WANG Shu-min, GU Yong-zheng, YANG Jian-xing, JIANG Yi-feng, YU Xue-hai, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, WANG Jia-wei, WANG Tao, ZHANG Yong-sheng
The EPA Method 29 was used to sample the 1000 MW unit in Shouguang ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant, the whole process monitoring of heavy metal pollutants (As, Pb, Se, Cd) at multiple points can be realized. The mass balance of heavy metals in the coal combustion process was established, and the enrichment and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in flue gas in coal-fired power plants were studied. The results showed that the heavy metal content of the flue gas was relatively low, the flue gas emission concentrations of As, Se, Pb and Cd were 1.11μg/m3, 0.59μg/m3, 0.33μg/m3 and 0.01μg/m3 at 100% load, respectively, and the heavy metal content at 45% load was close to that at 100% load. The distribution of various heavy metals in coal-fired units under different loads was presented. Pb, Se, and Cd are all enriched in fly ash, but the proportion of Se and Cd in the bottom slag increased significantly at low load. The removal rates of ESP for As, Pb, Se and Cd all reached more than 97% in the APCDs, and WFGD and WESP can deeply remove heavy metals under different loads.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2060-2069 [Abstract] ( 118 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1405KB] ( 363 )
2070 Research on the influence of AERMOD model surface parameter update on simulation effect
WANG Cheng-xin, CHU Ying-hao, RUAN Jian-hui, SANG Min-jie, CHENG Ji, WU Cheng-zhi, BO Xin
Based on the high-resolution land use data in 2018, this paper updated the AERSURFACE integrated system (version 2012). Taking the enclosed area of Cangzhou Expressway as an example, the influence of surface parameter update on the simulation effect of AERMOD model was studied. The atmospheric environment monitoring system (including national control station, provincial control station and micro-station) in Cangzhou was used for verification. The update of land use data of the AERSURFACE integrated system could provide more accurate surface parameters for the AERMOD model simulation, which improves the correlation coefficient between the simulation results and the measured value. The maximum improvement in the daily average and hourly correlation coefficients of the national control station was 0.073 and 0.024, respectively. From a statistical point of view, this significant improvement made the results of the model simulation more consistent with the change trend of the measured values, indicating that the update of surface parameters had a positive effect on the model simulation. From the perspective of time scale, the improvement of the simulation effect of the land use data in winter and spring was greater than that in summer; and the simulation effect of the daily average value was improved more than the hourly value.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2070-2077 [Abstract] ( 134 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1589KB] ( 396 )
2078 Research on the missing value methods for large-scale online air quality monitoring data
ZHANG Bo, SONG Guo-jun
Large scale online air quality monitoring data is the basis for air quality research, but there were lots of missing data in large scale online data. In this study, we compared several methods that dealing with the missing values and its impact on the city’s ranking of air quality base on the hourly monitoring data of 1654monitoring sites in China from 1Jan, 2016 to 31July, 2021 of 6types of air pollutants. The simulation results showed that Low Rank SVD via Alternating Least Square had smaller mean squared error, mean absolute percentage error and higher correlation coefficient compared with other traditional methods. The empirical results showed there would be 10% difference before imputation and after imputation for the missing value. The ranking would not change due to the imputation when the air quality assessed value vary greatly, and would change a lot when the assessed value was very close. The study suggested to impute missing value by using the method in this study when analysis the large-scale online air quality monitoring data.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2078-2087 [Abstract] ( 171 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1720KB] ( 853 )
Water Pollution Control
2088 Composition characteristics and ultra-high standard treatment of reverse osmosis effluent produced during municipal wastewater reclamation process
HUANG Nan, WANG Wen-Long, WU Qian-Yuan, WANG Qi, WU Yin-Hu, CHEN Zhuo, XU Ao, XIONG Jiang-Lei, HU Hong-Ying
Because reverse osmosis (RO) can remove most pollutants from the feed water, RO technology has great application potential in treating municipal wastewater and producing reclaimed water for boilers, electronics industry and potable reuse. This study systematically summarized the concentration level, composition characteristics and sources of organic matter in municipal wastewater reclamation reverse osmosis (mWRRO) effluent. The usages of mWRRO effluent and corresponding risks were analyzed. The current ultra-high standard treatment technologies for mWRRO effluent and their developing trends were discussed. Compared with conventional water sources, the concentration of organic matter in the RO effluent produced during municipal wastewater reclamation process was higher (up to 500~1000μg-C/L). More than 100 organic contaminants have been identified in mWRRO effluent. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products, industrial compounds, endocrine disruptors, and oxidative by-products in RO effluent are frequently detected (10-3~2.5μg/L). Their long-term health risks deserve attention. The composition and characteristics of around 70% of the organic matter (calculated by organic carbon) in RO effluent have not been fully elucidated, which require systematic investigation. The radical synergistic oxidation and dual-wavelength ultraviolet (VUV/UV) technology are important developing trends of ultra-high standard treatment technology for RO effluent.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2088-2094 [Abstract] ( 163 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 485KB] ( 860 )
2095 Upscaling dissolved phase mass flux for complex DNAPL source zones
SONG Mei-yu, SHI Xiao-qing, MA Chun-long, KANG Xue-yuan, DU Fang-zhou
The NAPL phase in the Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) contaminated site are dissolved in the flowing groundwater sustainably, thus a downstream contaminant plume is created, and a threat is posed to human health. It is important to accurately estimate the downstream contaminant mass flux from the DNAPL source zone. Due to the geological heterogeneity, the mass flux of dissolved phase is changed periodically. The dual-domain upscaling model developed by Christ et al. was often used to calculate the mass flux, however, it was only applicable to the DNAPL source zone with weak heterogeneity. Many numerical examples were used for complex DNAPL source zones with strong heterogeneity, to modify the empirical formula for deriving the source zone depletion index in the dual-domain model, thus the application scope of the dual-domain upscaling model were extended to strong heterogeneity. The applicability and accuracy of the modified model was validated based on Monte Carlo synthetical cases and two two-dimensional sandbox experiments. The comparison results showed that the modified model could be widely applied to complex DNAPL source zones with different structures. Compared with the previous, the accuracy of the mass flux calculated by the modified model was increased by about 35%.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2095-2104 [Abstract] ( 120 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1148KB] ( 524 )
2105 Wettability of mixed filter media and its performance in filtering and treating oily wastewater
MAN Shi-de, QI Jun-ye, CHE Ying-long, WEI Bi-gui
To investigate the coupling effect of two special wettability filter media with opposite wettability, the superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic quartz sand filter medium and the superhydrophilic and underwater superhydrophobic quartz sand filter medium were mixed, and the wettability and filtration performance for oil removal of the mixed filter media were studied. The results showed that the wettability of the solid surface composed of the two kinds of filter media did not satisfy the weighted average relationship with the wettability of each filter medium. It was more consistent with the relation of conic curve, and the determination coefficient is as high as 0.9992. The oil removal efficiency of filtration was coupled with the alternate wettability. The more hydrophobic and lipophilic the mixed filter media was, the greater the oil removal efficiency, normalized adhesion efficiency and permeability coefficient were, and vice versa. The smaller the particle size of filter material was, the greater the slope of the normalized adhesion efficiency was, while the effect of filter speed and bed depth on the slope of the normalized adhesion efficiency was not noticeable. The hydrophobicity of the filter material has the effect of increasing resistance; the increase of the filter rate increased the permeability coefficient of the filter layer. This work demonstrated the filtration of mixed filter media for oil removal and provided a new idea for filtration treatment of oily wastewater.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2105-2111 [Abstract] ( 126 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 889KB] ( 414 )
2112 Optimization of recovery method for catalytic ammonium/manganese oxidation by active filter media
CHENG Ya, ZHANG Yong-zhi, ZHENG Jia-hui, LI Yu-yang, HUANG Ting-lin
Taking deactivated filter media as the research object, the effects of three different recovery methods (natural recovery, adding basicity, and re-hanging film) on the catalytic oxidation efficiency of the filter media for ammonium (NH4+-N) and manganese (Mn2+) removal were investigated. The experimental results showed that the NH4+-N removal rate of natural recovery (1#) filter column, adding basicity (2#) filter column and re-hanging film (3#) filter column was above 90% after running for 4d, 2d and 3d, respectively. When the influent NH4+-N concentration increased gradually, the effluent NH4+-N concentration of 3# filter column fluctuated the most, while the effluent nitrite accumulation time of 1# filter column was the longest and the peak value was the highest. The recovery rate of Mn2+ removal activity of all three filter columns was fast. Both 1# and 2# filter columns could completely remove Mn2+ in 2 days and 3# filter column could completely remove the influent Mn2+ within 5days after stopping adding potassium permanganate. The experimental results of the interaction between NH4+-N and Mn2+ showed that 2# filter column performed the best among the three filter columns. Although NH4+-N inhibited the removal of Mn2+, with the increase of influent NH4+-N concentration, the effluent Mn2+ concentration of the 2# filter column was always lower than 0.1mg/L. Mn2+ had no significant effect on NH4+-N removal. The results of XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of the filter media samples in 3# filter column was poor due to the influence of the new formed oxide film on its surface. Considering the recovery efficiency of NH4+-N and Mn2+ as well as the addition of chemical agents, the natural recovery method is the most suitable recovery method.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2112-2119 [Abstract] ( 92 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 941KB] ( 519 )
2120 Performance and microbial community of anoxic/oxic-moving bed biofilm reactor (A/O-MBBR) process treating domestic sewage
LAI Yong-heng, LIU Min
An integrated anoxic/oxic-moving bed biofilm reactor (A/O-MBBR) with a scale of 100m3/d was adopted to treat domestic sewage. The performance of carbon and nitrogen removal under multi-factor disturbances was investigated through a 265 day pilot study. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of the microbial community structure in different treatment phases were studied. Results revealed that the integrated A/O-MBBR system showed excellent COD and nitrogen removal performance. Under the conditions of 2.5~3.5mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO) in aerobic tank and influent carbon to nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of (7.9±2.0), the removal rates of COD, NH4+-N and TN could reach (93.3±5.4)%, (99.1±0.6)%, (67.9±10.5)%, respectively. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were abundant in different running phases, which ensured the efficient removal of organic matters. In the initial running phase, denitrification functional bacteria of A/O-MBBR system were mainly distributed in activated sludge with relatively low abundance. After a long-term operation, a large number of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were simultaneously detected in both biofilm and activated sludge, and the nitrifying bacteria with the highest relative abundance was Nitrospira, which was mainly distributed on the biofilm (19.48%~28.05%). Meanwhile, Thauera, Terrimonas and Dokdonella were the dominant denitrifying bacteria in the later running phase.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2120-2128 [Abstract] ( 132 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 996KB] ( 771 )
2129 Study on start-up and operation of USB reactor for partial denitrification based on granular sludge
MA Rui-jie, LIU Yong-hong, LIANG Ji-dong, WANG Ning, XIE Feng-xia
In this study, the partial denitrification process was constructed in two identical Up-flow Sludge Bed reactors (R1 without the carrier, R2 with porous biological carrier). The transformation performance of nitrate-to-nitrite, the physicochemical characteristics of partial denitrification granular sludge, the production characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and the dominant characteristics of functional bacteria genera were compared and analyzed. The NO3--N→NO2--N transformation ratio(NTR) in R2 (85%) was higher than that of R1(80%) when the reactors ran for 81 days and the nitrogen loading rates (NLR) was 1.2kg/(m3·d). The sedimentation performance of carrier granular sludge (R2) was better than that of self-immobilized granular sludge (R1), and the carrier granular sludge in R2 was easier to capture EPS. The PN/PS value of R1 (1.29) was greater than that of R2 (1.15), and the sludge volume index (SVI) of R1(27.07mL/g MLSS) was also greater than that of R2 (19.36mL/g MLSS). Under scanning electron microscopy, it was found that Long bacillus gathered on the surface of R1 sludge, while short-bacillus and coccus were observed on the surface of R2 sludge. In comparison, the structure of granular sludge in R2 was more regular and dense than that in R1. Microbial high throughput sequencing showed that the species richness and diversity of R2 were higher than that of R1. Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Chlorocurvate were dominant in the partial denitrification system. The main NO2--N accumulating genera in both R1 and R2 were Acinetobacter(R1 accounted for 59.18% and R2 accounted for 46.04%) and Thaurea (R1 accounted for 6.81% and R2 accounted for 5.99%).
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2129-2135 [Abstract] ( 129 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 802KB] ( 368 )
2136 Research on removal of antibiotic resistance genes in pipe networks by chlorine/chloramine and UV sequential disinfection
WANG Yue, BAI Miao, JIANG Hai-rong, ZHANG Ming-lu, ZHANG Can
In order to explore the influence of chlorine/chloramine and low-pressure ultraviolet sequential disinfection on the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the water supply system, a biofilm reactor was used to simulate the water supply network. The effluent and biofilm of the pipe network were taken for 60mJ/cm2 low-pressure ultraviolet (254nm) disinfection, and high-throughput quantitative PCR was used to detect the number of typical ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the inlet, outlet, and biofilm of the simulated pipe network. After 150days, the total relative abundance of ARGs in the effluent of chlorine and chloramine pipe network were 0.130 and 0.137, and the abundance of biofilm were 2.45 and 0.277, respectively. This indicated that low dose of chlorine or chloramine in the water supply pipe network could effectively reduce the relative abundance of ARGs in the water phase and biofilm phase by 90%, and chloramine disinfection has a more significant control effect on ARGs in biofilms. After UV disinfection, the relative abundances of ARGs in chlorine and chloramine disinfected pipe network water were 0.0682 and 0.0537, respectively. The relative abundances of ARGs in biofilms after chlorine and chloramine disinfection were 2.01 and 0.194, respectively. The correlation between ARGs and MGEs changed significantly. The correlation between the transposon and strB, mepA was enhanced, and the correlation with ermX and tetM was weakened, while the correlation between the integron and acrF, cmlA1-01, oprJ and tolC-01 was enhanced. The results showed that the ultraviolet disinfection can significantly reduce the abundance of ARGs in the chlorine and chloramine disinfected pipe network water, but it had less effect on the ARGs in the pipe network biofilms.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2136-2143 [Abstract] ( 147 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1271KB] ( 321 )
2144 Optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring network under uncertainty
DONG Guang-qi, LU Wen-xi, FAN Yue, PAN Zi-Dong
When applying the simulation-optimization method, objective parameter uncertainty will usually affect the reliability of the design result of groundwater pollution monitoring network. For this problem, the study simultaneously considered the uncertainty of hydraulic conductivity and emission intensity of pollution source, applying Monte Carlo method to design the optimal monitoring wells scheme under the influence of model uncertainty. But Monte Carlo method need to invoke the simulation model many times which will cause a huge amount of calculation. To reduce the calculation load, the study proposed to use Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) method to construct the surrogate model replacing the simulation model to couple the optimization model in the optimal design of GPMN. To sufficiently improve the monitoring precision of GPMN, the optimization model applied error of spatial moment as objective function. Besides, the dynamic change of emission intensity of pollution source was also considered. Finally, we proposed a hypothetical example based on a coal gangue pile in Fushun City to verify the validity of the method. The results are demonstrated: 1.the XGBoost surrogate method can fit the input-output relationship of the simulation model to a high degree with less computation. 2.spatial moment can effectively assess the approximation degree between interpolation pollution plume of GPMN and actual pollution plume, through which the optimized monitoring network can accurately depict actual pollution plume 3.the simulation-optimization method combines Monte Carlo method can solve the problem of the design of GPMN under uncertainty. In conclusion, the paper provides a stable and reliable method for the design of GPMN.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2144-2152 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1583KB] ( 472 )
2153 Study on the performance of modified biogas residue biomass charcoal to activate persulfate to degrade phenols
YANG Yi-fei, YANG Tian-xue, WU Dai-she, PENG Xing, LI Dong-yang, XIA Yong-tao, MA Zhi-fei
Modified biogas residue biochar (ZBC-800) was prepared by high temperature pyrolysis + dilute hydrochloric acid modification. The efficiency of persulfate (PS) activation by ZBC-800was studied, and the effect of activator, dosage of PS and initial pH on the degradation of phenol was investigated, and it was applied on the TOC removal of coking wastewater containing phenols for a practical valuation. The results show that: ZBC-800activated PS has a significant effect on phenol removal, with a removal rate of 91.58% in 120minutes. It is found that the system relies on a non-radical pathway that produces 1O2; the efficiency of phenol removal shows a positive correlation with the dosage of ZBC-800, but high concentration of PS does inhibit the reaction; different initial pH values (4.10, 6.80, 8.40, 10.00) have no significant effect on the degradation of phenol, and the final removal efficiency ranges from 91.58% to 93.10%; in the actual treatment of phenol-containing coking wastewater, the combination of an initial pH=3, a ZBC-800 dosage of 8.94g/L and the PS system of 0.5g/L, the TOC removal rate reached 86.09%. Therefore, ZBC-800can efficiently activate PS to significantly degrade phenol, and also shows good degradation ability in actual wastewater, and has certain application prospects.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2153-2160 [Abstract] ( 125 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1373KB] ( 1075 )
2161 Effects of high sludge loss on the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community of anammox process
ZHAO Yi-chun, LIU Ya-lei, LI Yi-shu, FANG Yuan-yuan, WANG Bo-han, LI Jia-rui, WU Dong, CHANG Ben-ze, YANG Guang-feng
In order to study the effects of strong sludge loss on the operation performance, characteristics of granular sludge and nitrogen removal bacteria and functional genes in anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) reactor, a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system was constructed and operated to treat synthetic wastewater. Experimental results showed that the nitrogen removal performance of anammox process was not obviously impaired by high sludge loss, and the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency (RE) reached 89.18% after 4days’ recovery. A higher EPS content and a lower PN/PS value of 0.12were beneficial to the formation and agglomeration of anammox granular sludge. The anammox granular sludge with sludge size of > 2mm accounted for 44.9% of the total sludge in this system, and corresponding value was 84.3% for the sludge with size of > 0.5mm, which was advantage to the sludge retention in the reactor. The dominant anammox phyla were Proteobacteria (28.03%), Planctomycetes (15.57%) and Chloroflexi (8.63%), and the domimant genera were anammox bacteria Candidatus Jettenia (9.63%) and Candidatus Brocadia (3.54%). The functional genes involved in anammox reaction included nirS (1.27%), hzs (1.28%), hzo (1.29%), hao (7.04%) and hdh (0.81%), but the presence of denitrification bacteria and related functional genes decreased the stoichiometric ratios Rs (ΔNO2--N/ΔNH4+-N) and Rp (ΔNO3--N/ΔNH4+-N) of anammox reaction.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2161-2168 [Abstract] ( 104 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 795KB] ( 410 )
2169 The harvesting performance and mechanism of CTS@Fe3O4-COOH on low pH Chlorella vulgaris
CAO Xi-shuang, XIN Xin, YANG Hao, E Di
The magnetic material chitosan@citric acid modified Fe3O4 (CTS@Fe3O4-COOH) was synthesized by co-sedimentation method. The harvesting efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris under different conditions was investigated by single-factor and orthogonal tests. The combination with the structural property characterization of XRD, FT-IR and VSM, surface Zeta potential and the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory analysis to investigate the flocculation harvesting mechanism of CTS@Fe3O4-COOH on Chlorella vulgaris. The results implied that CTS@Fe3O4-COOH had high harvesting efficiency for Chlorella vulgaris, with an increase in harvesting efficiency of about 30% compared to unmodified. The single-factor test showed that the magnetic material dosage and pH had a greater effect on the harvesting efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris. The orthogonal test showed the best flocculation conditions of investigated variables were: 4.5g/L of CTS@Fe3O4-COOH, pH=4, rapid stirring at 500r/min in 3min, slow stirring 70r/min in 5min and the harvesting efficiency can reach 98.35%. Theoretical analyses such as DLVO suggested the harvesting mechanisms of CTS@Fe3O4-COOH on Chlorella vulgaris were charge neutralization, electrostatic path, adsorption bridging and sweeping flocculation. The results provide data support for the practical application of CTS@Fe3O4-COOH harvesting of fixed flue gases from energy microalgae.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2169-2178 [Abstract] ( 92 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1321KB] ( 382 )
Solid Waste
2179 Recent advances in anaerobic co-digestion of excess sludge and food waste
ZHANG Xing-xing, JIAO Peng-bo, YANG Hui-ying, WU Rui-min, LI Yong-mei, MA Li-ping
In order to promote the industrial-scale application of anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of sewage excess sludge (ES) with food waste (FW) and enhance its energy recovery efficiency, this study systematically summarized the mechanisms of AcoD process, the distribution of co-digestive products and the factors that may affect the AcoD performance, the important research advances of direct interspecific electron transfer in AcoD were then reviewed, followed by the novel perspectives of AcoD process were proposed, such as developing efficient and economic methods for feedstock pretreatment, characterizing substrates degradation, understanding metabolic regulation by omics technologies, mitigating the effect of potential inhibitors in the AcoD systems, and in-situ coupling with other wastes, to improve digestion performance and stability. This study may provide a guidance and reference for efficient energy recovery of urban organic solid wastes.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2179-2194 [Abstract] ( 184 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1360KB] ( 1088 )
2195 Study on regulating anaerobic fermentation for producing short-chain fatty acids from primary sludge in WWTPs by different bio-enzymes
LIU Guo-hua, WANG Jian, QI Lu, WANG Hong-chen
The objective of this study was to estimate the efficiency of SCFA production from primary sludge using bio- enzyme regulation including alkaline protease, neutral protease and α-amylase. The regulation mechanism was revealed by microbial community and SCFAs component analyses. The three kinds of bio-enzymes could enhance the hydrolysis and acid production during the fermentation of primary sludge. Compared with the blank group, the production and yield of SCFAs achieved 1508 mg COD/L and 0.174 g COD/g VSS on the fourth day of fermentation, respectively, increasing by 1129 mg COD/L and 0.13 g COD/g VSS. Microbial community structure analysis showed that the relative abundance of fermentation-relating bacteria such as Lentimicrobium, Proteiniphilum and Bacteroides were improved, and the growth of methanogenic archaea such as Methanosaeta and Methanosapirillum was inhibited when bio-enzymes were added into the fermentation system. At the same time, the production of acetic acid in the regulated fermentation process was also found to promote.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2195-2203 [Abstract] ( 138 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 990KB] ( 435 )
2204 Experimental study on aerobic accelerated stabilization and carbon and nitrogen migration of municipal solid waste
XIAO Dian-kun, CHEN Yun-min, XU Wen-jie, ZHAN Liang-tong, KE Han, HE Hai-jie, LIU Yuan-feng
The 3-4-year-old municipal solid waste (MSW) of Shanghai Laogang landfill was selected for the indoor forced ventilation unit test. The changes of solid, liquid, and gas components were monitored, and the reduction law of organic pollution load and the migration law of carbon and nitrogen were analyzed and studied. The results show that: The value of cellulose/lignin (C/L) in the solid phase decreased from the initial 0.8 to less than 0.4, BDM, TOC, and TN in the solid phase also decreased. The degradation rate of solid index was large in the early stage and small in the late stage, and the degradation degree of waste in the upper layer was greater. The pH and EC of the liquid phase were maintained in a fixed range, and the organic pollution load has been greatly reduced. During the whole test period, the degradation rates of TOC, COD, and BOD reached 97%, 94%, and 94% respectively. The degradation rates of TN and NH4-N reached 95% and 94% respectively. During the test, the cumulative CO2 release was 6.7kg and the cumulative N2release was 0.75kg. C/L value, degradation stabilization normalization index β can be used as indexes to judge the stabilization degree of MSW. BOD/COD and NH4-N/TN values can be used as indicators to determine the stability of degradable substances in the liquid phase. According to the principle of mass conservation, the migration of carbon and nitrogen during the experiment was analyzed. The cumulative loss of carbon mass in the solid phase was 2.09kg, the cumulative loss of carbon mass in the liquid phase was 0.14kg, and the cumulative release of carbon mass in CO2 was 1.83kg. The cumulative loss of nitrogen mass in the solid phase was 0.62kg, the cumulative loss of nitrogen mass in the liquid phase was 0.08kg, and the cumulative release of nitrogen mass in N2was 0.75kg. After the degradation, there are still a large number of non-degradable or refractory carbon and nitrogen compounds in the solid phase.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2204-2212 [Abstract] ( 105 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 779KB] ( 335 )
2213 Collection mode and trend analysis of waste lead-acid batteries in power grid enterprises
DONG Qing-yin, HAO Shuo-shuo, TAN Quan-yin, LI Jin-hui, LIU Min, CHEN Ling-yu
Combined with the status quo of the generation and disposal of waste lead-acid batteries (WLABs) in the power grid enterprises, and the progress of WLABs collection in China, the study takes North China as the research area and proposes three types of collection modes, which are commissioned collection, joint collection and independent collection. For areas with substantial qualified companies for WLABs collection, priority is given to the commissioned collection mode with advantages in reducing legal risks and saving labor force and material resources. For areas with relatively innovative environmental management and advanced management concepts, WLABs are recommended to be collected in collection points established by prefectural or municipal enterprises, managed and transferred in a unified manner by the provincial companies, and recycled by qualified recyclers. For areas expecting to expand collection business scale and aiming to making profits, the independent collection mode is recommended. Regardless of the mode adopted, the State Grid and its sub-enterprises should establish and improve the informatization management system of WLABs, upload necessary information, including new battery procurement, maintenance and WLABs generation, ledger records, management plans and transfer orders, into the management system, and lastly incorporate with the national hazardous waste information system.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2213-2219 [Abstract] ( 125 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 370KB] ( 391 )
2220 Treatment of MSWI fly ash by using indigenous microorganism and the investigation of its promising utilization
QIU Yu-feng, CHEN Ping, ZHENG Kang-qi, DING Xiao-qing, XU Hui
The indigenous urease-producing bacterium selected from nursery soil were employed in the test of MICP treatment of MSWI fly ash. The solidification / stabilization effect of the treated fly ash was evaluated by particle size distribution, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and heavy metal leaching toxicity. The results showed that under the combined action of MICP of Ensifer adhaerens and pozzolanic properties of fly ash, the solidification and stabilization of fly ash were obvious; under the optimal working condition, the UCS could reach 205.2kPa and the elastic modulus could reach 200MPa, and the leaching concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Cu all met the class III requirements of the environmental quality standards for surface water. On this basis, the performance of asphalt pavement with the subgrade filler partly replaced by solidified fly ash was analyzed by using finite element software ABAQUS. The results showed that the reconstructive subgrade could effectively reduce the tensile strain at bottom, prolong the fatigue life and effectively reduce the rutting damage of the asphalt pavement. Therefore, the part replacement of subgrade filler is one of the promising ways for the utilization of fly ash.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2220-2228 [Abstract] ( 153 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 939KB] ( 411 )
Soil Pollution Control
2229 Investigation on the oynergistic mechanism of co-disposal of chromium-containing soil by digestate and ferrous sulfate
LI Rong-qiang, WANG Shuai, ZHANG Hai-xiu, SHA Fu-jian, ZHANG Da-lei, ZHAO Jian-wei, SUN Ying-jie
Digestate and ferrous sulfate were combined to co dispose the chromium-containing soil, the synergistic effect of co-disposal was verified after the preliminarily optimizing of disposal parameters, and the synergistic mechanism was revealed by XPS analysis and microbial community analysis. Co-disposal of digestate and ferrous sulfate could reduce the content of Cr (VI) in soil to undetected (the detection limit was 0.2mg/kg), which was better than that with ferrous sulfate treatment, and the reduction rate of co-dispose was higher than that of digestate alone. The analysis of microbial community structure showed that the abundance and diversity of bacterial community in co-dispose group was higher than that in digestate alone, and the relative abundance of chromium reducing bacteria, iron reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria was significantly increased in the co-dispose soil. XPS analysis showed that Fe(Ⅱ), sulfites and sulfides were present in the soil after co-dispose. Combined with the results of microbial community analysis, the process of microbial catalytic reduction of Cr (VI) in digestate by iron and sulfur was confirmed. This study provides a new idea for the treatment of low carbon high concentration Cr (VI) contaminated soil.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2229-2237 [Abstract] ( 132 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 911KB] ( 419 )
Environmental Ecology
2238 Characterizing sources and optical composition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Lake Xingkai,a large boundary lake in China
CHEN Hui-min, HU Yang, YU Xiao-qin, CHEN Li-li, ZHOU Lei, ZHOU Yong-qiang
Research on the sources and optical composition of Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is of great significance to the water quality protection of the Lake Xingkai. CDOM absorption coupled with excitation-emission matrices and parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) were used to explore the sources and optical composition of DOM in Lake Xingkai. Four fluorescent components were identified using EEMs-PARAFAC, including a terrestrial humic-like C1, a microbial humic-like C2, a tyrosine-like C3, and a tryptophan-like C4. The fluorescence characteristic of C1is a potential surrogate tracing the variability of DOC and TN concentrations. DOM absorption a254, the integration ratio of the fluorescence peak C to peak T (IC:IT), the spectral slope of CDOM absorption S275-295 and DOC concentrations were associated closely with C1-C2, and C4 in Lake Xingkai. This indicates that terrestrial input is an important source of DOM to Lake Xingkai. Significantly higher mean a254 and DOC concentrations were found in the Small Lake Xingkai than in the Great Lake Xingkai, indicating that the levels of CDOM in Small Lake Xingkai was higher than that in Great Lake Xingkai. The mean IC:IT and fluorescence intensities of C1, C2, and C4 were significantly higher in the Small Lake Xingkai than that in the Great Lake Xingkai, whereas S275-295 and SR was significantly lower in the Small Lake Xingkai. The mean score of PC1, positively associates with DOC, TN, DTN, NO- 3-N, a254, IC:IT, SUVA254, C1, C2 and C4, in Small Lake Xingkai was significantly higher than that in Great Lake Xingkai. These results indicated that substantial terrestrial DOM with enhanced aromaticity were exported to the Small Lake Xingkai, probably due to an enhanced riverine input and agricultural non-point source pollution in the Small Lake Xingkai watershed. Therefore, a better management of riverine input to the lake due to regional fishery, agricultural land use, and tourism in the upstream watershed is needed.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2238-2249 [Abstract] ( 100 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2286KB] ( 454 )
2250 Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater driven by coal mining in Shendong mining area
HOU Ze-ming, HUANG Lei, HAN Xuan, XU Lei, LI Gang-zhu, LIU Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Sheng-wei
In order to find out the hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater in Shendong mining area, 23groundwater samples were analyzed by Piper trigram, Gibbs graph, principal component analysis and improved Nemerow index method. The results showed that the groundwater was weakly alkaline, and its hydrochemical types gradually changed from HCO3--Na+ to HCO3-·SO42- -Na+·Ca2+, Cl--K+·Na+, and F--K+·Na+ along with the river; the hydrochemical types were mainly affected by evaporation concentration and rock weathering; HCO3-, Ca2+and Mg2+, Cl−and SO42+came from the dissolution of carbonate, sulfate, and rock salt separately, and Cl−was affected the pollution of domestic water; NO3- mainly came from domestic water and defecation; overall,the groundwater quality was good, although there was a certain degree of ion enrichment in some regions. The research results could be taken as theoretical support and reference for exploitation and utilization of water resources and water environment protection in mining area.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2250-2259 [Abstract] ( 112 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1339KB] ( 274 )
2260 Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in typical water-receiving areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project
ZOU Jia-wen, LIU Fei, ZHANG Jing-kun
The hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in a representative water-receiving area (the Heilonggang Plain in Handan city) were investigated by using multiple approaches such as descriptive statistics, Piper diagram, ion ratios, saturation indices and chloro-alkaline index. Results showed that shallow groundwater generally changed from salt water to brackish water after the operation of the Middle Route of the SNWDP. There was a close connection between the improvement of shallow groundwater quality and the elevated water table. The hydrochemical types was mainly Na-SO4-Cl in June and Na-HCO3 in December. The evolution of shallow groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by the dissolution/precipitation of evaporites (halite, gypsum, Glauber’s salt) and carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite). Additionally, cation exchange modified the cationic concentrations in the most of shallow aquifer, while reverse ion exchange mainly occurred in the groundwater depression cone or some areas with surplus Na+. Human activities (including industrial effluents and domestic sewage, agricultural fertilizers) may be responsible for the individual shallow groundwater samples’ contamination. These findings have important implications for groundwater sustainable development and environmental protection in such water-receiving areas of the Middle Route of the SNWDP.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2260-2268 [Abstract] ( 170 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1825KB] ( 383 )
2269 Prediction of organic pollutions partition coefficients between XAD and air based on QSAR models
ZHU Teng-yi, CHEN Ying, CHENG Hao-miao, SUN Feng, CONG Hai-bing
Based on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), two reliable and efficient models for predicting partition coefficients between polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin (XAD) and air (KXAD-A) were developed by using linear (stepwise multiple regression, MLR) and nonlinear (support vector machine, SVM) methods. The data included alcohols, benzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and a total of 70 organic pollutants. The determination coefficient (R2adj) and external validation coefficient (Q2ext) of the two models are all above 0.930, and substances are all in the defined application domain. The QSAR models both have good robustness and excellent prediction ability. Moreover, the fitting effect of nonlinear (SVM) model is better than linear (MLR) model.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2269-2274 [Abstract] ( 124 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 613KB] ( 315 )
2275 Real-time detection and experimental study of microplastics based on friction nanogenerator
XIANG Qin, LONG Wei, FENG Lang, LI Meng
This paper proposes a real-time and rapid detection method and device for detecting the size and abundance of microplastic particles by discontinuous liquid column, using the TENG technology based on self-powered. Through experimental tests, the size and morphology characterization of microplastics and the real-time and efficient detection of chemical element composition are completed. The study deduces that, when the micro-plastic particles are added into the deionized water, the Zeta potential in the solution is reduced, and the direction of the polarization of the electric field on the surface of the pipe wall is changed. In addition, with the increase of the diameter or abundance of microplastic particles in the aqueous solution, the output voltages show a decreasing trend. The output voltages is reduced by 43.1% at 50 μm and by 79.6% at 0.250%. Moreover, the micro-plastic particles have a significant impact on the output voltages of tap water. Considering 10 μm microplastic particles as example, the output voltages are reduced by 20%. This proves the feasibility of the TENG technology for the detection of marine microplastics.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2275-2282 [Abstract] ( 224 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2735KB] ( 873 )
2283 Rapid detection of norfloxacin in water by evanescent wave fiber optic biosensor
ZHUO Yu-xin, XU Wen-juan, CHENG Yuan, SONG Dan, HAN Xiang-zhi, LONG Feng
Norfloxacin (NOR), a widely used antibiotic, is becoming a major threat to ecological security. The existing detection methods have either high cost and pretreatment requirements or long detection time and poor sensitivity. Based on indirect competitive immunoassay principle, a new detection method of norfloxacin was developed using the evanescent wave fiber optic bio sensing platform. The rapid and sensitive detection of norfloxacin in water was achieved. The optimal detection conditions of norfloxacin were as follows: antibody concentration was 1μg/mL, pre-reaction time was 1min, and reaction time was 4min. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit of norfloxacin was 1.89μg/L. The coating-antigen modified fiber optic probe showed good specificity for fluorescence-labeled anti-norfloxacin antibody and stability, and could be reused more than 400 times. The recovery results of the spiked water samples, such as tap water, landscape water, and effluent of secondary sedimentation tank, demonstrated that the proposed biosensor had good precision and accuracy, and was less affected by the environmental matrix. The presented biosensor can be used for the rapid detection of NOR in actual water samples.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2283-2288 [Abstract] ( 169 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 468KB] ( 590 )
2289 Ecological network construction and corridor optimization in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
WANG Hai-yun, KUANG Yao-qiu, WEN Xin-jian, SONG Zhao-pu, LIU De-hua
Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as the interested area, the MSPA-InVEST model and connectivity evaluation were applied to identify ecological sources, and then on the basis of constructing the ecological resistance surface, the MCR and gravity models were used to extract potential ecological corridors, and the characteristics of industrial agglomeration were considered to construct planned ecological corridors. An ecological network construction scheme that combines ecological protection and economic development was formulated. It is concluded that: There are 35 ecological sources with a total area of about 17165.85km2; 42 basic ecological corridors with a length of 2085.34 km; there are obvious spatial differences between sources and corridors, showing a "central hollowing" spatial pattern; By adding 12 eco-industrial strategic nodes and 28 planned corridors, the closure, connectivity and connectivity rate of the ecological network can be increased by 150%, 26.83% and 28.57%, and the ecological network structure will be transformed into a "cellular" pattern; The comprehensive ecological network constructed by combining natural corridors such as rivers and coasts connects 288 natural reserves in the GBA, forming a comprehensive reservation pattern consisting of mountains, water bodies and wetlands. Overall, the ecological network system constructed from the perspectives of ecological protection and economic development showed good adaptability, which provides a reference for the construction and optimization of the ecological pattern in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2289-2298 [Abstract] ( 194 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1045KB] ( 578 )
2299 Water environmental risk tracing based on the combination of Bayesian network topology:A case study of Yinma River Basin
WANG Ze-zheng, ZHANG Shuai, WANG Li-min, ZHANG Wen-jing, DU Shang-hai
In order to solve the problems of unclear pollution sources and difficult to quantify pollution contribution in the process of watershed water environment risk diagnosis, an accountability quantification method of pollution sources based on the combination of Bayesian network topology and heuristic search algorithm was proposed in this paper. The method can accurately identify typical pollutants in watershed water environment according to the quantitative evaluation of mutual information. In addition, Bayesian network topology analysis and heuristic search algorithm can quickly identify typical pollutant sources and their pollution contributions in the watershed. In this study, the monitoring data of Drinking Horse River Basin in Jilin Province from 2017 to 2020 were selected for the water quality analysis. Ammonia was a typical pollutant in the watershed; the three sections of Khao San Nan Lou, Khao San Bridge and Liu Zhen Tun were polluted by Yang Jia Weizi, Xin Li Cheng Dam and Zhuang Wa Yao Bridge respectively. 63% of the pollution in Khao San Lou came from Yangjia Weizi, 30% of the pollution in Khao San Qiao came from Xinlizheng Dam, and 75% of the pollution in Liu Zhen Tun came from Brick Wayao Bridge. This assessment method can be constructed to provide strong technical support for the tracing of water environment risk and pollution responsibility determination in the basin.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2299-2304 [Abstract] ( 160 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 633KB] ( 591 )
2305 Construction and application of two-dimensional early warning model for land ecological security—— A case study of Linxiang City
CAO Gang, LIU Yan-zhong, ZHANG Zuo, CHEN Yong, SONG Xiang-xiang
A two-dimensional early warning model was established by combining the land ecological security index with the ecological sustainability index under the framework of the risk matrix. And then, it was applied to Linxiang’s early warning for land ecological security. The land ecological security index increased yearly. The stability and socio-economic supporting capacity of land ecosystem were enhanced continuously. The ecological sustainability index decreased continuously. The sustainability of land ecosystem’s supporting capacity to socio-economic development was weakened gradually and it would inevitably become unsustainable without any measures. From 2005 to 2019, the warning degrees of land ecological security showed a fluctuated trend of “middle alert-light alert-middle alert-light alert”. It is predicted that the “light alert” will continue from 2020 to 2025. The possibility of falling into “heavy alert” is highly unlikely. But there is still a risk of falling back into the “middle alert”. The research suggests that land ecological security of Linxiang should be comprehensively improved by developing eco-friendly industries, increasing investment in environmental protection, expanding the secondary industry and construction land orderly, reducing consumption, and applying new technologies to improve productivity. It is significant that the two-dimensional early warning model can effectively avoid the problem of distortion in traditional models. The innovation of the two-dimensional early warning model is beneficial to improve the comprehensiveness, rationality, and forward-looking of the early warning results of land ecological security.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2305-2314 [Abstract] ( 184 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 921KB] ( 344 )
Environmental Microbiology
2315 Recent advances on antibiotic resistance genes encoded by bacteriophages
ZHANG Yue, HU Xue-ying, WANG Xu-ming
Bacteriophages (phages), the most abundant biological entities on earth, have a great effect on the composition and diversity of microbial community, biogeochemical cycle of global ecosystem and bacterial evolution. However, the contribution of bacteriophages to antibiotic resistome is still poorly understood. Several researches found that there were a variety of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in phage genomes at different environmental sites such as ocean, river, soil and faeces by metagenomics sequencing and quantitative PCR technology. Therefore, bacteriophage and phages-mediated transduction may play an important role in the enrichment and spread of ARGs. Here, the distribution characteristics of ARGs in phage genomes at different environmental settings and the research progress of horizontal transfer of ARGs mediated by phage were reviewed. Meanwhile, the unsolved scientific problems were put forward. This article would lay a foundation for understanding the role of phages in the spread of ARGs and expanding the knowledge about mobile resistome.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2315-2320 [Abstract] ( 192 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 433KB] ( 598 )
2321 Comparison of antibiotic resistance genes contamination in the dust on the return vent filters of air-conditioners in Wuhan hospital
QIU Wan-yue, XIA Yu-he, GONG Lin, YUAN Feng-yun, CHEN Qi, LI Jia-hao, LIANG Jian-sheng, TANG Fei
The objective of this study was to explore the contamination and disstrubution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in hospital environment. From November 2018 to April 2021, 127 dust samples on return vent filters from air-conditioners in different wards of 2 Wuhan hospitals were collected in multiple batches for qualitative and quantitative determination of β-lactam ARGs (mecA, blaTEM,blaCTX-M, blaSHV), carbapenem ARGs (blaKPC, blaNDM-1, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaOXA-51) and class 1integrase gene (intI1). Nine types of abovementioned ARGs and intI1were found in dust samples from different departments, with the average detection rates of 55.12%, 37.64% and 81.89% for β-lactam ARGs, carbapenem ARGs and intI1respectively. The average detection rate of β-lactam and carbapenem ARGs in ICU were significantly higher than in departments of internal medicine and surgery (P<0.05); The detection rate and relative abundance of blaTEM and mecA were highest in departments of internal medicine and surgery among the 4types of β-lactam ARGs, (P<0.05); the detection rate and relative abundance of blaSHV in ICU were higher than in other departments (P<0.05). Significantly higher detection rate and relative abundance were observed for blaNDM-1 than for blaKPC and blaIMPamong the 5 types of carbapenem ARGs in departments of internal medicine and surgery. (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between intI1and 9 types of ARGs (P<0.05). This study confirmed the contamination of β-lactam ARGs, carbapenem ARGs and intI1in dusts retaining on the return vent filters of air-conditioners in 2hospitals, where blaTEM, mecA and blaNDM-1 prevailed in ICUs and departments of internal medicine and surgery. Accordingly it was suggested that there may be past and ongoing contamination and concomitant risk of horizontal transfer of ARGs among drug-resistant bacteria, such as MRSA, ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, in air and relevant hospital environments. The contamination of β-lactam ARGs and carbapenem ARGs in ICU was worse than in departments of internal medicine and surgery, where higher prevalence of blaSHV was found. ICU may be the high-risk department of drug-resistant bacteria contamination.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2321-2330 [Abstract] ( 176 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 987KB] ( 335 )
2331 The preparation of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans immobilized pellet and its coupling removal of H2S with packing material
SHI Chao-hong, LU Yu-sheng, GU Wen-jie, XIE Kai-zhi, XU Pei-zhi, WANG Dan, PENG Huan-long, LI Ya-ying, SUN Li-li
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans was immobilized to prepare bacterial pellet using sodium alginate (SA) as the carrier. The microbial immobilization process was optimized and the removal capacity of the bacterial pellet to H2S was examined in a biofilter. Meanwhile, acclimated activated sludge containing sulfur malodorous eliminating microbial consortium obtained previously was employed as bacterial source to screen packing media in biofilter. Lastly, A. thiooxidans immobilized pellet and the screened packing media were coupled to biotrickling filtration deodorization. The results showed that the optimal conditions for microbial immobilization process were 3.0% of SA, adding adsorbent carbon nanotubes (CNT) into SA solution, keeping the ratio of A. thiooxidans bacterial suspension solution to the mixture solution at 20%, 4.0% of CaCl2, suspending immobilized pellet into hexanediamine (HDA) solution for surface modification. Filling A. thiooxidans immobilized pellet into biofilter to eliminate H2S, and the removal efficiency and elimination capacity of H2S reached 70% and 1.06g H2S/m3·h. Activated carbon cloth was screened as the best packing media among polyurethane foam, activated carbon cloth and ceramsite, and the removal efficiency and elimination capacity of H2S reached 88% and 0.84g H2S/m3·h in this case. Filling A. thiooxidans immobilized pellet and activated carbon cloth into biofilter with mixing pattern to eliminate H2S, the removal efficiency and elimination capacity of H2S reached 86% and 1.00g H2S/m3·h.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2331-2338 [Abstract] ( 121 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1210KB] ( 316 )
Environmental Toxicology and Health
2339 A comprehensive review on environmental biogeochemistry and toxic effects of nickel
HE Shan, GUO Yuan, WANG Chen, WU Feng-chang, HE Jia
At present, toxicity evaluation of nickel is mostly based on single indicator and laboratory control experiment. How to evaluate the influence of the forms and natural complex hydrochemical conditions is the difficult problem in the field of water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment. This study comprehensive reviewed on the sources, forms, bioavailability, toxic mechanism, water quality criteria and standards, and wastewater treatment processes of nickel. The study focused on the environmental behaviour and toxicity effects and mechanism of nickel. The impacts of water chemistry factors on bioavailability of nickel were analyzed, the toxic effect on aquatic organisms of different trophic levels were outlined, the six response mechanisms of nickel toxicity to freshwater aquatic organisms were summarized. The influence trend of bioavailability of nickel on toxicity was prospected. And it is of great significance to derive water quality criteria of nickel for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms in China.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2339-2351 [Abstract] ( 194 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 617KB] ( 707 )
2352 Ecosystem health assessment and management strategies of urban mangrove:A case study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
ZHANG Yue-qi, ZHANG Zhi, JIANG Bi-qian, SHEN Xiao-xue, LI Rui-li
To clarify the ecosystem health status of urban mangroves in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), an indicator system for ecosystem health assessment of urban mangroves was developed based on PSR (Press-State-Response) model and analytic hierarchy process in this study. The indicator system was conducted on four typical urban mangroves in GBA: Mai Po in Hong Kong, Futian in Shenzhen, Nansha in Guangzhou, and Qi’ao island in Zhuhai. The health problems were identified and management strategies were put forward. The results showed that: The ecosystem health index (EHI) of mangroves were Qi’ao island (3.05, health)>Mai Po (3.03, health)>Nansha (2.54, sub-health)>Futian (2.13, sub-health). As for the press indicators, the natural pressure sources for mangroves in Mai Po and Futian were pests harm and biological invasion, while the artificial pressure came from the increasing population, the rapidly developed economy, and municipal wastewater discharge. In addition, the mangroves in Futian were suffering from the discharge of industrial waste. In terms of the state indicators, four urban mangroves were all suffering from seawater eutrophication. Organic and heavy metals seriously polluted the mangroves in Nansha and Qi'ao Island. The biodiversity of mangrove plants (except for Nansha) and macrobenthos was low, but birds' biodiversity was relatively high. For the response indicators, the mangroves in Futian and Nansha hold low ecological service functions due to their small areas, and the management level of mangroves in Nansha was insufficient. The leading health problems of urban mangroves in GBA include two aspects: firstly, common issues, including pests harm and biological invasion caused by ecological imbalance, environmental pollution caused by external pollution, decrease in biodiversity caused by habitat destruction. Secondly, personality issues, including the differences in the characteristics and management levels of mangroves. Considering the health problems mentioned above, suggestions are proposed: effectively monitor and promote ecological restoration based on natural laws to alleviate ecological imbalance, take source control as the foundation and improve environmental quality as a whole, focus on the protection of biodiversity and improve the stability of mangrove ecosystem, in accordance with local conditions and give full play to the economic, social and ecological benefits of urban mangrove.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2352-2369 [Abstract] ( 213 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 906KB] ( 1221 )
2370 Optimization of benzo (α) pyrene PBPK model based on bayes and its application in health risk assessment
MENG Xiang-hui, WANG Hong-yang, SUN Yu-wei, ZHANG Ming-hui, ZHU Guang-can, SHEN Ya-qin, LIU Hui-fang
The physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model was used to predict the human internal dose of benzo(α)pyrene(BaP) exposure. The parameters of the model were optimized based on bayes statistics and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC), and the optimized model was adopted to derive the reference value regarding the internal dose of BaP. It was found that the accuracy of the model was significantly improved after calibrating the posterior parameters by Monte Carlo simulation, and the validation results of two datasets showed that the sums of squared residuals were reduced by 72% and 94%. The PBPK model was based on the pharmacokinetic of BaP and its metabolite 3-hydroxybenzo(α)pyrene(3-OHBaP). The internal concentration distribution of BaP followed the order of fat>kidney>skin>slowly perfused tissue>richly perfused tissue>venous blood>liver, while that of 3-OHBaP was in the order of kidney>richly perfused tissue>fat>lung >venous blood >slowly perfused tissue> liver>skin. Besides, the sensitivity analysis indicated that the rich perfused tissue-blood distribution coefficients showed the strongest influence on the model output, which sensitivity coefficient exceeded 200%. While the coefficients related to excretion showed the weakest influence, and only sensitivity coefficient of glomerular filtration rate KBR exceeded 1%. According to the reference concentration 2.0×10-6mg/m3 recommended by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the biomonitoring equivalent of BaP was derived based on the optimized PBPK model. The results showed that the reference value for the occupational populations was 0.405pmol/mol creatinine (i.e., the mean concentration of 3-OHBaP in urine), which lays a foundation for the quantitative health risk assessment based on the human internal dose.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2370-2378 [Abstract] ( 166 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 527KB] ( 366 )
2379 Effect of nano-particles on interfacial chemical properties of pulmonary surfactant
LIU Dan, LI Jie, CAO Yan, GENG Ying-xue, CHAI Xiao-long, JIANG Fan-shu, SHI Wei-meng, ZHAO Qun, TIAN Sen-lin
Nano-particles (NPs) such as nano-silica, nano-carbon powder, nano-zinc oxide, nano-cerium oxide, nano-silicon carbide and nano-iron tetroxide were used as representatives to study their effects on the interface properties of pulmonary surfactant (PS). The results shown that NPs had adsorption effects on both phospholipid and protein components in PS, and nano-silica and nano-ferric tetroxide had the strongest adsorption capacity for phospholipid and protein components, respectively, with adsorption rates of 89.3% and 82.5%. The existence of NPs would lead to the increase of the surface tension of PS solution, among which the effect of nano-silica was the most significant. Particles such as nano-silicon carbide and nano-silicon dioxide can cause the inward shrinkage/outward expansion of the π-A isotherm of the PS film, and the higher the particle concentration, the more obvious the surface pressure change. In addition, PS also had an effect on the hydration kinetic diameter and Zeta potential of NPs, resulting in the change of its dispersion state. It can be seen that NPs can change the composition and interface of PS by changing the composition and interface of PS.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2379-2386 [Abstract] ( 87 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1204KB] ( 347 )
2387 Lead-induced alterations in hepatocyte biomolecules based on Raman spectroscopy
XING Yu, PANG Wei-yi, XU Li
In this study, we employed Raman spectroscopy to explore the bio-molecular alterations in HepG2cells following exposure to lead with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5mg/L, which took different time periods (0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24h) respectively. Raman spectra correlated to cellular biological information was collected via Raman microscopy to further investigate the bio-molecular alterations of liver cells community following lead exposure. It showed that although the spectra in each treatment group were similar, certain diversities of the peaks positions and the absorption intensities were observed. Additionally, multivariate analysis was applied to the spectral dataset to determine the biological changes underlying the exposure, and it showed that the spectral data of cellular groups following exposures at different concentrations with the same exposure time showed a discrete trend on LD1, and it was significantly observed in 24-h exposure. The results, as well, indicated that lead exposure can damage the structure of liver cell proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carotenoids, carbohydrates and affect their normal functions. These cellular responses are dose-related and increases with exposure time. In conclusion, our study suggests that Raman spectroscopy is proper tool with ability to detect the biological molecular changes in liver cells following lead exposure. It can not only provide a new assay in toxicology research, but also provides a theoretical basis for rapid safety evaluation of environmental pollutants.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2387-2394 [Abstract] ( 82 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1521KB] ( 270 )
2395 Developmental toxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of deltamethrin on rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) during early life stage
JIANG Jin-lin, LYU Jian-wei, CAO Shao-hua, LIU Ren-bin, SHI Jia-qi, LONG Tao, SHAN Zheng-jun
The developmental toxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of decamethrin on rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) during early life stage were studied using semi-static water exposure method. The LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) of decamethrin to the incubation of rare minnow embryo was above 3.0μg/L. The LOEC and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of decamethrin to the developmental malformations and death indicators were 1.0 and 0.33μg/L, respectively. Exposure to the lowest concentration of decamethrin (0.04μg/L) could significantly down-regulate the expression of androgen receptor gene (AR) and up-regulate the expression of thyroid homone receptor gene (TRβ) in rare minnow larvae. Exposure to 0.11μg/L decamethrin down-regulated the expressions of AR, estrogen receptor genes (ER1, ER2b) and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor gene (AhR1a) in rare minnow larvae, and up-regulated the expressions of TRβ. Exposure to 0.33μg/Ldecamethrin inhibited the expressions of AR, estrogen receptor genes (ER1, ER2b) and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor genes (AhR1a, AhR1b, AhR2), as well as induced the expression of TRβ in rare minnow larvae. Given that these concentration levels have been in the range of detectable decamethrin concentrations in multiple natural water bodies, more attention should be paid to the endocrine disrupting effects of decamethrin on fish.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2395-2403 [Abstract] ( 108 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 998KB] ( 365 )
Carbon Emission Control
2404 Analysis on carbon emission from sludge treatment and disposal
WANG Lin, LI De-bin, LIU Zi-wei, LI Huan
Carbon emission from sludge landfill, incineration, pyrolysis, aerobic composting, anaerobic digestion, and wet air oxidation in China were calculated referring to the guideline provided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and life cycle analysis (LCA) method. In addition, sludge organic content was discuss as a key sensitive impact factor of carbon emission. The results show that for dewatered sludge with organic content of 40%~50% and water content of 80%, the sequence of the total carbon emission from sludge treatment is: landfill > incineration > pyrolysis > anaerobic digestion > aerobic composting > wet air oxidation. While sludge organic content is 60%~70%, the sequence changes to: landfill > incineration > pyrolysis > aerobic composting > wet air oxidation > anaerobic digestion. A further analysis on different integration routes indicates that sludge incineration has lower carbon emission than co-processing in cement kilns or co-combustion in coal-fired power plants. The integration of thermal pretreatment, anaerobic digestion and land use can reduce carbon emission due to improved organic content utilization. A LCA analysis on carbon emission from 1t dewatered sludge treatment demonstrates that all the sludge treatment routes release 2.07~494.45kg CO2eq/t when sludge organic content is lower than 60%. When sludge organic content reaches 60%, the integration of thermal hydrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and land use achieved a negative carbon emission of -37.91kg CO2eq/t, and anaerobic digestion and wet air oxidation realize almost zero carbon emission. When sludge organic content reaches 70%, wet air oxidation, anaerobic digestion and its combination routes can cause negative carbon emission.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2404-2412 [Abstract] ( 136 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 814KB] ( 694 )
2413 Spatial correlation network structure and influencing factors of carbon emission in urban agglomeration
ZHENG Hang, YE A-zhong
Based on the method of social network analysis (SNA) and quadratic assignment procedure (QAP), the paper conducted a research with regard to the spatial correlation and influencing factors of carbon emissions in urban agglomerations of Pearl River Delta with the data of prefecture-level cities in Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations during 2001 and 2019. As the result suggested, the spatial correlation of carbon emissions in PRD urban agglomerations presented a complex network structure, and the closeness of spatial correlation changed periodically, showing the feature of "fluctuating according to policy". The spatial correlation network of carbon emissions showed a significant core-edge distribution pattern. The economically developed cities such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen were at the core of the network, playing the role of "intermediary" and "bridge", while the underdeveloped cities such as Huizhou and Jiangmen were at the edge of the network and had weak ability to control and influence the network. The spatial correlation network of carbon emissions could be divided into four sectors: net benefit, net spillover, two-way spillover and broker. The expansion of differences in economic development level, energy use efficiency, technological level and environmental protection intensity promoted the formation of spatial correlation relationship of carbon emissions. The analysis above would be helpful for decision-makers to define emission reduction responsibilities and emission reduction targets for cities in the PEARL River Delta urban agglomeration, and provided references for formulating fairer and more targeted coordinated emission reduction plans for urban agglomeration.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2413-2422 [Abstract] ( 223 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 494KB] ( 867 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
2423 Study on the technical system of life cycle risk management for mercury-contaminated site s
ZHAO Bin, HOU De-yi, ZHANG Hao, WANG Liu-wei, ZONG Wen-jing
With the continuous development of global society and economy, environmental mercury (Hg) pollution had increasingly attracted more and more attention due to severely negative impact on both public health and the ecological safety. Life-cycle risk management acted as an important approach to effectively promote the risk management effect of mercury-contaminated sites. In order to effectively improve the capacity of risk prevention and control of mercury contaminated sites, the comprehensive technical system for risk management of Hg contamination was established under the background of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, a global treaty on ecosystem and human health protection. The characteristics of health risk presented in contaminated sites were studied and a life-cycle management system was designed based on the existing technologies and application experiences at home and abroad. Relying on this system, the life-cycle risk management was accomplished through the application of enhancing engineering remediation, risk control, institutional control, etc., which aimed to decrease the negative health effects and ecological damages associated with Hg exposure. The site risks levels were divided into 3stages based on exposure scenarios from site survey and contamination levels evaluated according to risk screening standards. The measures of risk prevention, process control and long-term management were implemented in the stages of risk generation, risk development and risk elimination, respectively. The main features of this system are summarized as follows: 1) The risk-based management decision reflects the scientific connotation of the contaminated site management; 2) Cost is saved through classified risk management, towards to the maximum net benefit from site management; 3) The whole process risk control is realized with the concept of life cycle management.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2423-2432 [Abstract] ( 153 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 781KB] ( 651 )
2433 Effects of garbage classification on air pollutant emissions from garbage incineration
HE Wen-feng, ZHENG Yu, LIU Bei-bei, ZHANG Bing
Based on the daily air pollutant emissions data from garbage incineration power plants in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai during 2018~2019, difference-in-differences models were employed to quantitatively estimate the impact of Shanghai garbage classification policy on incineration exhaust, and a series of robustness tests were carried out. Although the emission concentration of SO2 reduced by 1.49mg/m3 (by 13.8%) after the implementation of garbage classification, that of NOx increased by 5.96mg/m3 (by 4.1%). ”Holiday effect” existed: one more holiday resulted in a 3.32mg/m3 increase in NOx emission. Classification didn’t not show any significant influence on TSP emission. In addition, the decrease of the variation coefficient of pollutant concentrations indicated that the improvement of the garbage components homogenization reduced the emission fluctuation. Based on the research results, policy suggestions on solid waste management from the aspects of garbage incineration emission standard, technical improvement, and garbage classification formulation were provided.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2433-2441 [Abstract] ( 155 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 1227KB] ( 532 )
2442 The economic impact of abolishing electricity price subsidies in china:Analysis based on electricity price regulation market and perfect competition market
ZHANG Ning, PANG Jun, WEN Jing, WANG Jun-xia
A CGE model features an electricity sector subdivision was used to evaluate the economic impact of the following four measures under the electricity price regulation market and the perfect competition market: The abolition of cross-subsidy to electricity price. The abolition of the subsidy to renewable electricity price. Introduction of carbon tax policy. Recycling the carbon tax revenue to the wind power and photovoltaic industries. Results show that the abolition of the cross-subsidy system of electricity price will result in negative impact on GDP, and the adverse effect will increase by 0.003% under the electricity price regulation market when compared with the perfect competition market. There are contrary results that GDP will increase after abolition of the subsidy to renewable electricity price, and the positive effect will decrease by 0.056% under the electricity price regulation market comparing with the perfect competition market. The GDP will decrease by 0.022% under the electricity regulation market but increase by 0.038% under the perfect competition market separately when both cross-subsidy system of electricity price and the subsidy to renewable electricity price cancelled. Abolition of both across-subsidy system of electricity price and the subsidy to renewable electricity price only have very small impacts on power structure and energy structure under the electricity regulation market, but it will effectively stimulate the consumption of traditional electricity commodities and result in an increase in carbon emissions. Levying carbon tax and related transferring carbon tax revenue to the wind power and photovoltaic industries can effectively reduce carbon emissions and promote the improvement of power and energy structure, but will have additional negative impact on the total output of all industries and GDP. Therefore, the electricity price regulation should be lifted moderately, and the supporting policies such as levying carbon tax and transferring its revenue to the wind power and photovoltaic industries can be adopted in time in order to optimize China's energy structure and achieve the goal of China’s energy-conservation and emission-reduction.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2442-2452 [Abstract] ( 162 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 451KB] ( 360 )
2453 Total factor energy efficiency measurement and drivers in China
CHEN Jing-quan, LIAN Xin-yan, MA Xiao-jun, MI Jun
In order to urge the improvement of total factor energy efficiency in China, Firstly, the panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions of China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) were used to incorporate the energy footprint into the non-expected output indicators, aiming to make the total factor energy efficiency measures more scientific. Secondly, a dynamic stochastic non-parametric data envelopment analysis (StoNED), which is more suitable for panel data, was used to measure total factor energy efficiency, and the results are analysed at three levels: national, eight economic regions and sub-provinces. A spatial error panel Tobit regression model (SEM-Tobit) was constructed to investigate the effects of the drivers of total factor energy efficiency in China, and finally, policy recommendations are explored to improve total factor energy efficiency. The study finds that: in terms of total factor energy efficiency measurement results, from a national perspective, China's total factor energy efficiency generally shows a decreasing and then increasing distribution, from a regional perspective, the total factor energy efficiency of the eight comprehensive economic zones shows a gradual convergence from coastal to inland, from a provincial perspective, the total factor energy efficiency of coastal provinces is relatively high, but there are some differences in the level of total factor energy efficiency between different provinces in the same region. From the analysis of the drivers, environmental regulation and energy consumption structure have a significant negative effect on total factor energy efficiency, while industrial structure, population size, foreign trade and research funding have a positive effect on total factor energy efficiency.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2453-2463 [Abstract] ( 146 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 724KB] ( 616 )
2464 Study on glass material flow analysis and future demand forecast in China
LIU Xiao-yan, ZHU Fen-fen, ZHAO Bing
This study used material flow analysis and scenario analysis to explore the flow and sustainability of glass resources from 1949 to 2050. The results show that waste domestic glass and waste glass fiber are the key nodes of resource loss. Under different demand growth rates, the primary resource demand will exceed the current resource reserves in some period from 2030 to 2050. By 2045, it is expected to increase the recovery rate of waste flat glass to 70% and the recovery rate of waste domestic glass to 60%, so that glass silicon resources can meet the low growth demand. In order to achieve the recycling goal, the government should continue to promote waste classification, encourage enterprises to extend the life of glass products from the design end, improve recycling technology, and establish a good recycling system.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2464-2470 [Abstract] ( 156 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 666KB] ( 383 )
2471 Performance evaluation and priority area identification for modern governance of water environment:A case study of Jiulong River watershed-Xiamen Bay
WU Hui-huang, FAN Bing-xiong, ZHANG Xue-ting, HUANG Yi-zhou, LI Yang-fan
Jiulong River watershed-Xiamen Bay in Fujian Province was taken as an example to assess the governance performance of the water environment using a water governance evaluation indicators system. Evaluation results showed the performance of water environment governance in the Jiulong River watershed-Xiamen bay was increasing continuously during the three periods (2011~2018). However, there are some significant issues in the modernization of water environmental governance. The input control of land-based nitrogen and phosphorus pollution needs to be further strengthened. Ecological restoration of natural coastal zones need to be coordinated. The INVEST model and Kriging interpolation were combined to identify priority areas for governance using source-sink spatial analysis of pollutants. The analysis results showed that the main point and diffused pollution sources of nitrogen and phosphorus output were the sewage outlet of Xiamen Island and the southeast area of the drainage basin, respectively. The main sink area was the west sea area severely affected. Some modern governance strategies, such as scientific evaluation of source-sink spatial performance, socio-ecological system monitoring and management based on land-sea integration, and ecological engineering solutions adapted to nature, were put forward.
2022 Vol. 42 (5): 2471-2480 [Abstract] ( 145 ) [HTML 0KB] [ PDF 2984KB] ( 734 )
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